JBT 4730.3 - 2005承压设备无损检测_第3部分_超声检测-en

JBProfessional Standard of the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国行业标准JB/T 4730.3-2005Replace part of JB 4730-1994Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic Testing承压设备无损检测 - 第3部分：超声检测Issued on July 26, 2005Implemented on November 1, 2005Issued by the National Development and Reform CommissionContentsForewordII1. Scope12. Normative References13. General Requirements24. Ultrasonic testing and quality classification of raw materials and spares for the pressure equipment65. The ultrasonic testing and quality classification of butt welding joint for the pressure equipment316. Ultrasonic testing and quality classification of circumferential butt welding joint for pipes and pressure pipeline of the pressure equipment587. The ultrasonic detection of press equipment in-service678. Ultrasonic detection reports72Annex C (Normative) Ultrasonic Crossing Testing on Pressure Equipments with Steel Forgings78Annex D (Normative) Axial-direction Crossing Testing on Full-fusion Welding of Pressure Equipments with Steel High-pressure Seamless Pipe81Annex E (Normative) Angle probe Testing on Pressure Equipments with Austenitic Steel Forging83Annex F (Normative) Measurement for Loss Allowance in Sound Energy Transmission84Annex G (Normative) Ultrasonic Testing and Quality Gradation for the Butt Welding Joints of 6mm8mm Steel Pressure Equipments87Annex H (Normative) Dynamic Waveform of Echo89Annex J (Normative) Height Measurement of Flaws (2) Height Measurement of Flaws with Ultrasonic Terminal Maximal Echo Method102Annex K (Normative) Height Measurement of Flaws (3) Height Measurement of Flaws with 6dB Method106Annex L (Normative) Type Identification and Property Judgment of Flaws109Annex M (Informative) Ultrasonic Testing and Quality Gradation for the Butt Welding Joints of Titanium Pressure Equipments113Annex N (Informative) Ultrasonic Detection and Quality Gradation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Butt-welding Joints116ForewordJB/T 4730.14730.6-2005 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments is consisted of six parts: Part 1: universal requirement; Part 2: radiation testing; Part 3: ultrasonic testing; Part 4: magnetic particle testing; Part 5: penetration testing; Part 6: vortexing testingThis Part is consisted of JB/T 4730.14730.6-2005 Part 3: ultrasonic testing. This Part is mainly revised on the basis of perennial domestic research findings and application experience, and by referring to ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code V, JIS standard specification and professional feedback opinions. Compared with JB 4730-1984, this Part mainly makes the following major variation: 1 Modify the attenuation coefficient Formula for workpiece material with wall thickness of less than 3 times near-field region; add ultrasonic testing content of austenitic stainless steel, biphasic stainless steel plate, aluminum and aluminium alloy plates, iron and alloy iron plates; unify ultrasonic testing content of explosion and rolling clad steel plate. 2 Extend the ultrasonic testing scope of butt welding joint for the steel pressure equipment to 6mm400mm, and make partial adjustment for ultrasonic testing block of butt welding joint; add ultrasonic testing classification content of butt welding joint for steel pressure equipment; add ultrasonic testing content of butt welding joint for T-shape soldered joint and austenitic stainless steel pressure equipment. 3 Add pipe for the steel pressure equipment and ultrasonic testing content of circumferential butt joint for the pressure pipeline with wall thickness of greater than or equal to 4mm and external column of 32mm59mm, or wall thickness of 4mm6mm and outside diameter of greater than or equal to 159mm; add ultrasonic testing content of aluminum and aluminium alloy circumferential butt welding joint with wall thickness of greater than or equal to 5mm and outside diameter of 80mm159mm or wall thickness of 5mm8mm and larger than or equal to 159mm. 4 Add ultrasonic testing content for the in-use pressure equipment. Annex A to Annex L in this Part are normative; Annex M and Annex N are Informative. This Part is proposed by China Standardization Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels (CSCBPV) (SAC/TC 262). This Part is under the jurisdiction of China Standardization Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels (CSCBPV) (SAC/TC 262). This Part is mainly prepared by YU Rong, YAO Zhizhong, KANG Jiqian, YAN Changzhou, XIAO Jiawei, XU Zunyan, PAN Rongbao and CHEN Chengyu. 121Nondestructive testing of pressure equipmentPart 3: Ultrasonic Testing1. ScopeThis part of JB/T 4730 specifies the ultrasonic testing methods and quality classification requirements of pressure equipments through adopting A-type ultrasonic flaw detector to inspect the flaws of the workpiece. This part is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of the raw material, spare parts and welded joints used by the metal-made pressure equipments, and its also applicable to the ultrasonic testing of the in-service metal-made pressure equipments. The ultrasonic testing of the support members and the structural members related to the pressure equipments also can refer to the provisions of this part for application. 2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute the provisions of JB/T 4730.3. For dated reference, subsequent amendments (excluding amending error in the text) to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not be applied. However, the parties whose enter into agreement according to these specifications are encouraged to research whether the latest editions of these references are applied or not. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this Part. JB/T 4730.1 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment-Part 1: General RequirementsJB/T 7913-1995 Fabrication and Calibration Method of Steel Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic InspectionJB/T 9214-1999 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of A Scope Ultrasonic Pulse-echo Testing SystemsJB/T 10061-1999 General Technical Specifications for A-type Pulse-echo Supersonic Flaw DetectorJB/T 10062-1999 Testing Methods for Performance of Probes Used in Ultrasonic Flaw DetectionJB/T 10063-1999 Specification for No.1 Standard Test Block Used in Ultrasonic Flaw Detection3. General Requirements3.1 Ultrasonic testing personnelThe general requirements of the ultrasonic testing personnel shall comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T 4730.1. 3.2 Testing equipment3.2.1 The ultrasonic testing equipment shall be equipped with the product conformity certificate or eligible documentary evidence. 3.2.2 Defectoscope, probe and system performance3.2.2.1 DefectoscopeA-type pulse-echo ultrasonic flaw detector is adopted; its working frequency ranges 0.5MHz10MHz; the flaw detector shall have linear display at 80% of the full screen scope at minimum. The flaw detector shall have continuous adjustable attenuator 80dB or above: the stepping level2dB; accuracy 1dB error for every two neighboring 12dB; the maximum progressive error is less than 1dB. The horizontal linear error is not greater than 1%, while the vertical linear error is not greater than 5%. The rest indicators shall meet the provisions of JB/T 10061. 3.2.2.2 Probe3.2.2.2.1 Generally, the wafer area shall not be greater than 500mm2, and the length of any side shall not be greater than 25nm in principle. 3.2.2.2.2 The axial line horizontal deviation angle of the unicline probe sound beam shall not be greater than 2, while the vertical direction of the main sound beam shall not be any obvious double-peak. 3.2.2.3 The system performance of reflectoscope and probe3.2.2.3.1 When reaching the maximum inspection sound path of the detected workpiece, the effective sensitivity surplus shall not be less than 10dB. 3.2.2.3.2 Error between the combination frequency of instrument/probe and the nominal frequency shall not be greater than10%. 3.2.2.3.3 The initial pulse width (under reference sensitivity) for the combination of instrument and normal probe: for probe with frequency of 5MHz, the width is no greater than 10mm; for probe with frequency of 2.5MHz, the width is no greater than 15mm. 3.2.2.3.4 The far-field definition of normal probe shall be no less than 30dB, while the far-field definition of angle beam probe shall be no less than 6dB. 3.2.2.3.5 The system performance of instrument and probe shall be tested according to JB/T 9214 and JB/T 10062. 3.3 General method for ultrasonic testing3.3.1 Testing preparation3.3.1.1 In the manufacture, installation and in use inspection of pressure equipment, selection for testing time and random inspection rate of ultrasonic testing shall comply with relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical documents. 3.3.1.2 The determined testing surface shall ensure the tested parts of the workpiece can be tested fully. 3.3.1.3 Surface quality of the weld shall be eligible after appearance testing. All of the rustiness, splash and dirt influencing ultrasonic testing shall be removed and its surface roughness shall comply with the testing requirements. Irregular state on the surface shall not influence exactness and integrality of the testing result, otherwise, appropriate treatment shall be made. 3.3.2 Scanning coverageIn order to ensure the ultrasonic sound beam could scan on the tested region of the workpiece, the scanning coverage of the probe shall be greater than 15% of the probe diameter. 3.3.3 Travel speed of the probeScanning speed of the probe shall not be greater than 150mm/s. When scanning with automatic warning device, it is not restricted by this. 3.3.4 Scanning sensitivityGenerally, the scanning sensitivity shall not be lower than the reference sensitivity. 3.3.5 CouplantThe couplant shall have good acoustic permeability and not damage the testing surface, such as engine lubricating oil, paste, glycerol and water. 3.3.6 Sensitivity compensationa) Coupling compensation: when testing and quantify the flaw, coupling loss caused by surface roughness shall be compensated. b) Attenuation compensation: when testing and quantifying the flaw, detection sensitivity descending and flaw quantifying errors caused by material attenuation shall be compensated. c) Curve surface compensation: for workpiece with testing surface of curve surface, test block with same of similar curvature radius as the workpiece shall be adopted. 3.4 System calibration and recheck3.4.1 General requirementsSystem calibration shall be made on the reference block; when calibrating, main sound beam of the probe shall be perpendicularly collimate to the reflection plane of the reflector, so as to acquire stable and maximal reflected signal. 3.4.2 Instrument calibrationMeasure the horizontal linearity and vertical linearity for the instrument at least every other three-month, and the measuring method complies with JB/T 10061. 3.4.3 Determination for newly bought probeNewly bought probe shall be carried with instruction book for probe performance parameters; before using, the new probe shall make determination for major parameters like front edge distance, K value, main sound beam deviation, surplus sensitivity and definition. The determination shall comply with relevant provisions of JB/T 10062 and meet the requirement. 3.4.4 Systematic determination for the instrument and probe before testing3.4.4.1 Instrumentation-angle beam probe system; before testing, it shall measure the front edge distance, K value and main sound beam deviation, and regulate or recheck scan limit and scanning sensitivity. 3.4.4.2 Instrumentation-normal probe system; before testing, it shall measure the initial pulse width, surplus sensitivity and definition and regulate or recheck scanning limit and the scanning sensitivity. 3.4.5 Recheck for instrument and probe system in the testing procedureIf the following conditions are encountered, it shall recheck the system: a) When the probe, couplant and instrument adjusting knob after calibration is changing; b) When the testing staff doubts that the scan limits or scanning sensitivity is changing; c) Continuous work for more than 4h; d) When the work finishes3.4.6 Recheck for instrument and probe system before the testinga) Before each testing, scan limit shall be rechecked. If a point deviates on the scan line for 10% more than the reading on the scan line, the scan limit shall be readjusted, and all testing parts since the last rechecking shall be rechecked. b) Before the ending of each testing, scanning sensitivity shall be rechecked. Generally, verification for distance-amplitude curve shall not be less than three points. for instance, if any point on the curve is descending in amplitude 2dB, all testing parts since the last rechecking shall be rechecked; for amplitude ascending 2dB, all recording signals shall be assessed again. 3.4.7 Matters needing attention when calibrating and recheckingWhen calibrating, rechecking and linear detecting the instrument, any controller influencing instrument linearity (such as restrain or filtering switch) shall be placed in the shut position, or it shall stay on the floor level. 3.5 Test block3.5.1 Reference block3.5.1.1 The reference block refers to test blocks used for calibration and testing calibration for system performance of instrument probe specified in this Part. Standard test blocks adopted in this Part include: a) Reference block for steel plate: CBI and CBII; b) Reference block for forgings: CSI, CSII and CSIII; c) Reference block for soldered joint: CSK-IA, CSK-IIA, CSK-IIIA and CSK-IVA. 3.5.1.2 The reference block shall be made of materials identical or close to the acoustic property of the tested workpiece. When the materials are tested by normal probe, flaw greater than or equal to equivalent diameter of the flat-bottom pore 2mm shall not appear. 3.5.1.3 Dimensional precision of the reference block shall comply with the requirements of this Part, and shall be verified to be eligible by measurement service. 3.5.1.4 Other manufacture requirements for the reference block shall comply with JB/T 10063 and JB/T 7913. 3.5.2 Reference block3.5.2.1 The reference block refers to test block used for testing and calibration.3.5.2.2 Physical dimension of the reference block shall be able to represent characteristics of the tested workpiece, and the test block thickness shall be correspondent with the thickness of the tested workpiece. If testing for soldered joint of components with two or more than two dissimilar thicknesses is involved, the test block thickness shall be determined by its maximum thickness. 3.5.2.3 Shape, dimension and quantity of the reference block reflector shall comply with provisions of this Part. 4. Ultrasonic testing and quality classification of raw materials and spares for the pressure equipment4.1 Ultrasonic testing and quality classification of steel plate for the pressure equipment4.1.1 ScopeThis Section is applicable to ultrasonic testing and quality classification of plates for pressure equipment made of carbon steel and low alloy steel in plate thickness of 6mm250mm. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic steel plates, nickel, nickel alloy plates and biphasic stainless steel plates may also comply with this Chapter. 4.1.2 Selection of probe4.1.2 Selection of the lower probe shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 1. Table 1 Selection of Plates Ultrasonic Testing Probe for the Pressure EquipmentPlate thickness, mmThe accepted probeNominal frequency, MHzDimension of the probe wafer620Double crystal normal probe5Wafer area is no less than 150mm22040Single crystal normal probe514mm20mm40250Single crystal normal probe2.520mm25 mm4.1.2.2 Property for double crystal normal probe shall be in accordance with those specified in Annex A (normative). 4.1.3 Reference block4.1.3.1 When testing steel plate in thickness of no greater than 20mm with double crystal normal probe, reference block shown in Figure is adopted. 4.1.3.2 When testing steel plate in thickness of greater than 20mm with single normal probe, CBII reference block shall be in accordance with those specified in Figure 2 and Table 2. Test block thickness shall be similar to the thickness of the tested steel plate. If accepted by the both parties involving in the contract, double crystal normal probe may be used to make the testing. Figure 1 CBI Reference BlockFigure 2 CBII Reference BlockTable 2 CBII Reference BlockSample No.Thickness of tested steel plateDistance from the testing surface to the flat-bottom pore, STest block thickness, TCBII-120401520CBII-240603040CBII-3601005065CBII-410016090110CBII-5160200140170CBII-62002501902204.1.4 Reference sensitivity4.1.4.1 When the plate thickness is no greater than 20mm, set the first farside echo height of the uniform thickness part as the workpiece to 50% of the full scale with CBI test block, and then, increase by 10dB to be used as the reference sensitivity. 4.1.4.2 When the plate thickness is greater than 20mm, set the first reflection wave height of the CBII test block5flat-bottom pore to 50% of the full scale, and used as the reference sensitivity. 4.1.4.3 When the plate thickness is no less than three times the near-field region of the probe, the first farside echo of the flawless part for the steel plate may be adopted to calibrate the sensitivity, and its result shall comply with requirement of 4.1.4.2. 4.1.5 Test method4.1.5.1 Testing surfaceAny rolling surface of the steel plate may be adopted to make the test. If the testing staff believes to be required or the design requires, upper and lower rolling surfaces of the steel plate may be adopted respectively to make the test. 4.1.5.2 Coupled modeCoupled modes may also adopt direct contact method or immersion method. 4.1.5.3 Scanning modea) The probe is scanning in parallel line with spacing of no greater than 100mm along the calendering direction perpendicular to the steel plate. It shall make 100% scanning within 50mm on both sides of the reservation line in the steel plate opening (when the plate thickness is greater than 100mm, it is based on half of the plate thickness). The scanning schematic diagram sees Figure 3. b) According to the requirements of contract, technical agreement or design, other forms of scanning may be adopted. Figure 3 Probes Scanning Schematic Diagram4.1.6 Determination and record of flaw4.1.6.1 In the testing procedure, if one of the following two conditions is found, that is deemed as a flaw. a) The wave height for the first reflection wave (F1) of the flaw is greater than or equal to 50% of the full scale, F150%. b) When the wave height for the reflection wave (B1) of the bottom surface is not as high as the full scale, by this time, the wave height for the first reflection wave (F1) of the flaw to the wave height for the first reflection wave (B1) of the bottom surface ratio is greater than or equal to 50%, that is, when B1100%, F1/B150%. c) The wave height for the first reflection wave (B1) of the bottom surface is less than 50% of the full scale, B1 50%. 4.1.6.2 Measuring method for the boundary scope or indicating length of the flawsa) After inspecting the flaw, it shall test its circumference continuously to identify flaw scope. b) When identifying boundary scope or indicating length for the flaw with double crystal normal probe, travel direction of the probe shall be perpendicular to the sound