（全国用）2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 10 说理议论 社会文化 应用广告 逸闻趣事

说理议论+社会文化+应用广告+逸闻趣事A(2017四川乐山调研)When people around you agree with you，it improves your confidence and allows you to relax and feel comfortable.Unfortunately，that comfort usually keeps you away from achieving more success in your career，especially when you are in a leader position.So it feels nice to have people agree，but you need some regular conflicts，that is to say，to have people raise different views so that you can dig out the deeper truth and avoid suffering from being too much on just one side.So do you often share your opinions on most subjects with people around you and encourage them to debate？If yes，set it as a tradition in your company or department.At first，it seems a challenge to create an environment where people are in free atmosphere to disagree and argue，but remember：from sharp conflicts come sound judgments，and from sound judgments come right decisions.Thats because most of the time you have to collect different opinions from different angles to help yourself identify your blind spots before you form the real brilliant ideas.However，effective debates do not require angry quarrels and embarrassments.So you need to set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities，boundaries and rewards.Rule No.1：The goal of debating is not to win over others but to get to the truth that will allow you and your staff to move faster and better.Rule No.2：Fierce debating with strong emotion hurts feelings and does harm to teamwork.So repeatedly remind your staff，best with smiles and humors，that this is friendly opinion sharing time for a common goal instead of a battle between two enemies trying with full efforts to beat the other one down to earth.Rule No.3：All those involved in the debates shall get rewards when the goals are reached，thus they know how much you appreciate their contributions.The more they feel appreciated，the more theyll be willing to contribute their talents with full heart in the future.语篇解读本文讨论了有效的辩论的意义及辩论时应遵循的原则。1What happens when your staff all agree with you?AIt may improve your work effectively.BIt creates harmonious working atmosphere.CYou are likely to make more right decisions.DYou may have problems in career advancing.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，这可能会阻碍你的事业进一步发展。故选D。2It is important to carry on debates among your staff because you can .Ago deeper in truth-seeking courseBcreate a free atmosphere to debateCfind sharp conflicts in debatingDfind people who support you答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“So it feels nice to have people agree，but you need some regular conflicts，that is to say，to have people raise different views so that you can dig out the deeper truth and avoid suffering from being too much on just one side.”可知，这可以使你更深入地寻求真理，故选A。3Which of the following is effective in avoiding blind debates?AEncouraging your staff to win over others.BReminding your staff to wear smiles and be humorous.CAnnouncing that it is opinion sharing instead of quarrels.DRewarding those who appreciate your contribution.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知宣布这是意见分享而不是争吵是避免盲目争吵的有效方法。故选C。4What is the best title of this passage?AAppreciate the Contribution of Your StaffBSeek Debates Actively for AdvancementCBrilliant Ideas Come From Fierce DebatesDFind Talented Staff from Free Debates答案B解析标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，有效的辩论会促进进步。故B项符合题意。B(2017四川乐山调研)MOOCs，an acronym(缩写词) for “massive open online courses”，mark an important，possibly revolutionary，development in education.These courses are online，free of charge，and open to anyone in the world who has a laptop and an Internet connection.Moreover，they are mainly offered by elite universities like Stanford，Berkeley，Harvard and Columbia.The courses，like normal college courses，are arranged in order by difficulty，enabling students to progress from beginners to the advanced.The courses cover not only a broad range of technical subjects such as math and computer science，but also courses in the social sciences and the humanities.Though MOOCs are not offered for credit and degree，many students enroll in(选课) the courses for real skills or knowledge which they can put to some practical use.Some students even form online study groups，or in-person groups with students who live nearby.The format seems superior to the traditional school class.The average quality of the lecturer is much higher，because students do not have to stick with an ordinary lecturer.Besides，students can roll back or forwardin short，they can go at their own learning speed，which they cannot do in a live lecture.And，of great importance，they do not have to travel anywhere to attend an online lecture.One can obtain a first-class American college education wherever he or she lives and however little money he or she has.There is a problem of asking questions of the lecturer in a class of ten thousand students，but some MOOCs have solved it by allowing students to post questions online for a vote，and only the most popular questions are put to the lecturer.In a knowledge era，lifelong learning is not limited to a traditional classroom.Of course，students enrolling in MOOCs cannot be compared with those who are in traditional universities，but we need to rethink what a “students” is.Students in MOOCs are very clever，have work experience，and in many cases，have already developed a set of core(核心) competences.Moreover，they also offer unique international perspectives(视野) that would be the envy of any school classroom.语篇解读本文提到现在流行的慕课MOOCs在线网络课程的缩写，相比传统课程，慕课不仅课程质量比较高，学生还可以按自己的进度进行学习。5Which of the following statements is NOT true about MOOCs?AThe word “MOOCs” is short for “massive open online campuses”BMOOCs may be a breakthrough in the development of education.CMOOCs are offered by first-class universities and high schools.DAnyone who has a computer can take MOOCs.答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段第一句“MOOCs，an acronym(缩写词) for massive open online courses，mark an important，possibly revolutionary，development in education.”可知MOOCs不是massive open online campuses的缩写。6Students enroll in MOOCs mainly for .Acredits BdegreesCskills Dstudy groups答案C解析细节理解题。第三段提到“Though MOOCs are not offered for credit and degree，many students enroll in(选课) the courses for real skills or knowledge which they can put to some practical use.”可知选C。7MOOCs seem to have an advantage over traditional school classes because .athe average quality of the lecturer is higherbstudents can travel to many places when taking MOOCscstudents can learn at their own study pacedthere is a problem of asking questions in traditional classesAa，b Bb，c Ca，c Db，d答案C解析细节理解题。根据四段第二句中的“The average quality of the lecturer is much higher.”和第五段中的“Besides，students can roll back or forwardin short，they can go at their own learning speed.”可知，MOOCs的优势是讲师质量比较高和学生可以按自己的进度进行学习。故选C项。8Which of the following words is the best to describe students enrolling in MOOCs?AOrdinary. BCreative.CSubjective. DCompetent.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知选D。C(2017广西柳州高级中学模拟)Teen Creative Writing Residency(培训)at Atlantic Center for the ArtsJoin other teens for an intensive ten-day writing residency with Master Writers at the world-renowned Atlantic Center for the Arts.The ResidencyThe Teen Creative Writing Residency is a summer writing residency that offers 9th12th grade teens writing workshops and mentorship(辅导) by distinguished authors in poetry，fiction，and non-fiction.The Teen Creative Writing Residency will be held at Atlantic Center from July 13 through July 26，offering 21 teens from around the country an extraordinary opportunity to expand the power of their individual voices through writing workshops with Master Writers.Residency ScheduleTeen Writers will join three Master Writers-in-Residence，one in each of the following genres(类型)poetry，fiction，and non-fiction.The mentorship with the Master Writers-in-Residence will be the focus，but the chance to have conversations with the other Visiting Writers and participating Teen Writers will be valuable.Classes meet MondayFriday for two hours of workshops.Teen Writers will have the opportunity to focus on one genre，while also exploring the other forms of literature through workshops and conversation.AdmissionThe selection process for the unique literary residency opportunity will be competitive.Atlantic Center receives the applications，and the judges evaluate writing samples.As class sizes are kept small to provide the highest quality instruction，not all qualified writers may be accepted.Applications should include the following：1Cover Letter：Your name，address，age，phone number(s)2Writing Sample(3 pages)：Your writing sample should be in your preferred form of literature.语篇解读本文介绍了大西洋艺术中心的青少年创意写作培训项目。9Whom is the writing residency held for?ATeens all over the world.BTeens all over the country.CAuthors of literature.DVisiting Writers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据The Residency中的“The Teen Creative Writing Residency will be held at Atlantic Center from July 13 through July 26，offering 21 teens from around the country an extraordinary opportunity to expand the power of their individual voices through writing workshops with Master Writers.”可知选B。10What does a Master Writer-in-Residence teach?AWriting and reading.BWriting and speaking.CAll of the three literature forms.DOne of the three literature forms.答案D解析细节理解题。根据Residency Schedule中的“Teen Writers will join three Master Writers-in-Residence，one in each of the following genres(类型)poetry，fiction，and non-fiction.”可知选D。11Which of the following is NOT required to be in the Cover Letter?AName. BAddress.CEducation background. DAge.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“1.Cover Letter：Your name，address，age，phone number(s)”可知选C项。12What are the writing samples used for?AJudging whether the applicants can be accepted.BJudging what form of literature the teens like best.CChoosing winners in the writing competitions.DSelecting Teen Writers for the writing competitions.答案A解析细节理解题。根据Admission中的“As class sizes are kept small to provide the highest quality instruction，not all qualified writers may be accepted.”可知，写作样本是为了判断申请人是否可以被接纳。故选A。D(2017河北衡水中学联考)Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黄蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群体)showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments，often used to test the intelligence of apes(猿) and birds，showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task，and can also pass skills on through several generations.The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for “culture spread”the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skillsmay not be exclusive to humans.In the research，published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday，the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet.The strings were attached to discsor artificial “flowers”containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen.The bees，spotting the food beneath the screen，learned to pull the “flowers” out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training，only two of 110 were successful.Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings，and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill.Finally，trained bees were put in colonies，and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colonys worker bees.Lars Chittka，a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project，said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees learning and teaching skills.语篇解读本文介绍了大黄蜂经过训练可以习得某种技能，还会传播自己所学的技能。13What does the underlined word “exclusive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AOrdinary. BUnique.CBeneficial. DWidespread.答案B解析词义猜测题。第二段中提出，不仅猿和鸟类有学习和传播知识的能力，一些昆虫也有这样的能力。第二段和第三段中的关键词also和add to the evidence提示，这种能力并非人类独有的。故选B项。14What did the researchers find about bees?ABees learn best in insects.BBees are as clever as birds.CBees are born good learners.DBees can be trained to learn skills.答案D解析细节理解题。依据第四段中的“the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet”可知，科学家发现大黄蜂经过训练可以学会技能。故选D项。15What may the research team focus on next?AWhat else bees can do.BWhere bees learn skills.CHow bees teach others.DHow bees brains work.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“.the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees learning and teaching skills.”可知，科研团队对大黄蜂学习和传播技能的大脑思考过程很感兴趣，因此，接下来他们应该会研究大黄蜂大脑的工作原理。故选D项。.单词梳理1Tom blames his lack of confidence(confident) on his mother.2The hostess made her guests comfortable(comfort)3The facts could cause embarrassment(embarrass) if they ever became public.4He has made an important contribution(contribute) to the companys success.5He has a masters degree in education(educate)6There is no connection(connect) between them.7The writing of poems，stories or plays is often called creative(create) writing.8He is a very famous writer(write) in this country.9Its getting very competitive(compete) in the car industry.10He left the management(manage) of the firm to his son.短语提炼A英汉互译1keep away from避开；(使)不接近2dig out 掘出；发现3suffer from 遭受；因而蒙受损害4free of charge 免费5秩序井然；按顺序；状况良好 in order6与某人进行对话 have conversations with7转交；递给；传给 pass on8胜任；该由负责 be up toB运用上述短语完成下列句子1We can deliver goods to your door free of charge.2You should keep the fish away from the cat.3He was as busy as a bee trying to put the house in order.4It is up to me to get the four of us moving.5Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam.6It is not easy to dig out the past.7This ring has been passed on in my family from mother to daughter.8I had an interesting conversation with a reporter about job hunting recently.翻译与仿写1One can obtain a first-class American college education wherever he or she lives and however little money he or she has.句式分析句中“wherever he or she lives and however little money he or she has”为wherever和however引导的让步状语从句，在句中作状语。翻译一个人无论他或她住在哪里，不管他或她有多么少的钱，都可以获得一流的美国大学教育。仿写不论你到哪里，记住你是中国人。Remember you are a Chinese wherever you go.2Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings，and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill.句式分析句中to observe the trained bees pulling the strings为不定式作主语补足语。翻译接着让另一群蜜蜂观察受过训练的蜜蜂拉细线，其中的60%成功地学会了该技巧。仿写有人看到他把自行车偷走了。He was seen to steal the bike.10