安徽省中考英语 第二部分 专题语法 高效突破 专项12 非谓语动词课件

第二部分第二部分 专项语法专项语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项1212 非谓语动词非谓语动词高频考点高频考点精讲精讲 非谓语动词在句子中不可以单独用作谓语，也不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动词inging形式和过去分词。考点考点1 1 动词不定式动词不定式1.1.动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成肯定结构：(to)动词原形否定结构：not(to)动词原形2 2动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面功能例句说明表语My work is to clean the room every day.To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语宾语What sports does he like to play？他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say？你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面状语Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致【拓展】【拓展】常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，tell，want，teach，wish，help，warn等。 如：He told me to turn down the TV.他告诉我把电视机的音量调小。 常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，look at；使役动词let，make，have等。如：What makes you happy? 什么让你高兴？3 3动词不定式常用句型动词不定式常用句型(1)too.to.表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2)enough to.表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他足够大，到了上学的年纪了。(3)Why dont youdo sth.Why not do sth.？表示“为什么不做？”如：Why dont you get her a scarf？Why not get her a scarf？为什么不给她买条围巾呢？(4)had better(not)do sth.表示“最好(不)做某事”。如：Youd better not stay here today.你今天最好别待在那里。(5)Will you pleasedo sth.？表示“请你做某事好吗？”如：Will you please close the door？请你把门关上好吗？(6)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift rather than get a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份小礼物也不愿意得到一大笔钱。(7)It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示“某人花一些时间做某事”。如：It takes me 3 hours to repair the TV set.我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。(8)It isadj.for sb.to do sth.表示“对某人来说做某事是。”如：It is hard for the young boy to carry the heavy box.对这个小男孩来说，搬动这个重箱子是困难的。考点考点2 2 动名词动名词1.1.动名词的构成动名词的构成动名词一般由“动词原形ing”构成。2 2动名词的功能动名词的功能功能功能例句例句说明说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式宾语（动词宾语、介词宾语）I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作表语His hobby is collecting stamps.Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语 定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于所修饰词之前注意注意：(1)英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语：(口诀记忆)完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)；继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)；考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)；喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)。(2)含有介词to的固定短语：look forward to期盼，盼望；prefer.to.两者间更喜欢；be used to.习惯；stop / prevent / keep.from doing sth.阻止做某事；be good at doing sth.擅长做某事；succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。这些后面需要接名词、代词或动词的ing形式作宾语。3 3一些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别一些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事remember to do sth.记住要做某事(动作未发生)remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事(动作已发生)forget to do sth.忘记做某事(动作未发生)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(动作已发生)try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.试着去做某事regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾，后悔(已做)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的同一件事考点考点3 3 分词分词1.1.分词的构成分词的构成现在分词：v.ing；过去分词：v.ed(规则动词)2 2分词的用法分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义The crying boy annoy us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it.这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。I want to have my hair cut.我想要理个发。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰I got home，feeling very tired.我疲惫地回到家里。3 3现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词的区别类别语态时间例句现在分词 主动 正在进行a moving film感人的电影(主动)；developing countries发展中国家(正在进行)过去分词 被动 已经完成the moved people被感动的人们(被动)；developed countries发达国家(已经完成)4 4动词不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别动词不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别常见动词 跟动词不定式(不带to)跟现在分词see，watch，notice， hear，feel，have等表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作。如：I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)表示动作正在进行着。如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)5.have sth.done5.have sth.done，have sb.do sth.have sb.do sth.与与have sb./ sth.doing have sb./ sth.doing sth.sth.区别区别结构意义用法例句havesth.(宾语)done(宾语补足语)”让/叫/使/请别人做某事宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这个病人准备请 / 叫 / 让人量体温。havesb.(宾语)do sth.(宾语补足语)”让/叫/使某人做某事此结构中的have是使役动词，sb.作宾语，其后的 do sth.是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语Ill have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。havesb./ sth.(宾语)doing sth.(宾语补足语)”叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生宾语sb./ sth.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。Dont have the baby crying！不要让婴儿啼哭！Youd better have your car running slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。十年真题十年真题全练全练 分析近十年的安徽中考英语试题，对非谓语动词考查较少。预计2018年安徽中考英语的单项填空和完形填空对非谓语动词的考查可能性很小。但这一部分仍为安徽考试纲要中所列语法项目，而且在单项填空、单词拼写题干设置、书面表达中都会涉及相关句型。因此，考生在复习时也不能忽视对这一知识点的掌握。 考点考点2 2 动名词动名词1.2008安徽，99题Guessing/Guessuessing/Guess(猜测)games are popular with students in English class.猜押预测猜押预测1My brother is a humorous young man.He often tells jokes to make us _Alaughing BlaughCto laugh Dlaughed2Its getting dark.Youd better _ out by yourself.Its dangerous.Anot go Bnot to goCto go Dnot going3Our country encourages more students _ football.Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.Aplay BplayingCto play Dwill play4Lets _ a noise，someone is sleeping.Anot make Bno makingCnot to make Dto makeB B A AC CA A5Thanks to the robots，the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _ numbers and information.Aprocessing Bto processCprocessed Dprocess6Listen！There _ someone_at the door.It must be your sister.Ais；knocking Bis；knockCare；knocking Dare；knock7I hope everyone can care about _ the environment and stop _things.Aprotecting；wasting Bprotecting；to wasteCprotect；wasting Dprotect；to waste8Bruce practices _ basketball every day so that he can be a better player.Aplay Bto playCplaying DplayedA AA AA AC C9After she finished _ the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.Aread BreadsCto read Dreading10I look forward _ you soon.Asee BseeingCto see Dto seeing11I saw Tom _ his key in the lock，turn it and open the door.Aput Bputting Cputs Dto put12Bad luck.The film star had her leg _ while playing a part in the film.Ato break BbreakingCbreak DbrokenD DD DA AD D