初中英语动词不定式实用教案

动词形式基本动词形式基本(jbn)(jbn)分类（除分类（除去时态）去时态）动词动词(dngc)原形：原形：do 如：如：swim动词动词(dngc)不定式：不定式：to do 如：如：to swim 动词动词ing形式：形式：doing 如：如：swimming第1页/共20页第一页，共21页。不定式的结构不定式的结构(jigu)(jigu)： to + do (动词(dngc)原形)He plans go to Jinan for a holiday.to 注：注： to to只是一个符号，起结构作用只是一个符号，起结构作用(zuyng)(zuyng)，无任何实，无任何实际意义际意义第2页/共20页第二页，共21页。 He told me not to close the door. He asked me not to close the door.不定式的句式不定式的句式(j sh)(j sh)： He told me to close the door. He asked me to close the door. not+to+do肯定肯定(kndng)(kndng)式：式： toto do do tell sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. not to do sth.ask sb. not to do sth.否定否定(fudng)(fudng)式：式：第3页/共20页第三页，共21页。不定式的特点不定式的特点(tdin)(tdin)： She wanted She wanted toto be a teacher. be a teacher. We decide We decide toto give some money give some money toto the poor.the poor.1) 动词不定式在句子(j zi)中不能做谓语2) 没有人称、数、时态(sh ti)的变化。第4页/共20页第四页，共21页。不定式的句法功能：不定式的句法功能： 动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能, , 可在句中可在句中用做多种句子成分。用做多种句子成分。 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语(dngy) (dngy) 状语状语 宾补宾补 第5页/共20页第五页，共21页。 句子的基本句子的基本(jbn)结构结构: To learn English is easy. To get up early is important . 返回(fnhu)主语(zhy)+谓语+宾语+状语。主语主语: : 主语过长，头重脚轻主语过长，头重脚轻第6页/共20页第六页，共21页。主语过长，头重脚轻主语过长，头重脚轻(tu zhng jio qng)(tu zhng jio qng)。用。用itit代替其做形式代替其做形式主语。主语。常见句型：常见句型： Its + adj+ Its + adj+ toto do sth. do sth. 学英语很容易。学英语很容易。 早起是重要的。早起是重要的。对我们来说学英语很容易。对我们来说学英语很容易。 对他来说早起是重要的。对他来说早起是重要的。以前还学过类似的句子：以前还学过类似的句子： Its very kind of you Its very kind of you toto help me. help me. Its nice of him Its nice of him toto take care of his young brother. take care of his young brother.Its easy to learn English. Its important to get up early. Its easy _to learn English. Its important _to get up early. 句型句型(j xn)(j xn)：Its + adj+ of sb. Its + adj+ of sb. toto do sth. do sth.如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样(znyng)(znyng)的怎么办？也就是需要体现的怎么办？也就是需要体现这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？for us for him 句型：句型：Its + adj+ for sb. to do sth.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语第7页/共20页第七页，共21页。区别区别(qbi)(qbi)： Its + adj+ for sb. Its + adj+ for sb. toto do sth. do sth. Its + adj+ of sb. Its + adj+ of sb. toto do sth. do sth.注注: for: for形容词修饰的是动作；形容词修饰的是动作；ofof形容的是人：形容的是人： Its foolish _ you to ask such silly questions. Its important _ me to learn maths well. Its polite _ you to knock on the door before you come in.for of of第8页/共20页第八页，共21页。宾宾 语语 I would like I would like toto see your photos. see your photos. Kevin planned Kevin planned toto visit his uncle. visit his uncle. 特殊特殊(tsh)(tsh)(一）：一）： 类似词类似词: : want, agree, hope, decide, agree, want, agree, hope, decide, agree, start, begin, love, like, hate, prefer start, begin, love, like, hate, prefer等。等。注意注意(zh y)(zh y)： 斜体既可以斜体既可以to do to do 也可以也可以doing ,doing ,但区别不大但区别不大 like doing指经常性动作， like to do指一次性的动作 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now 我喜欢游泳(yuyng), 但我现在不想游。第9页/共20页第九页，共21页。宾宾 语语特殊（二）：特殊（二）：stop, forget, remember,stop, forget, remember,等词或短语后面可以接等词或短语后面可以接to do to do 与与doing,doing,但意思大不相同。但意思大不相同。 stop stop toto do sth. : do sth. :停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事 stop doing stop doing ：停止正在做的事情：停止正在做的事情(sh qing)(sh qing) forget forget toto do: do:忘了去做某事忘了去做某事 forget doing sth.: forget doing sth.: 忘记做过某事忘记做过某事 remember remember toto do sth.: do sth.:记着要做某事记着要做某事 remember doing sth.: remember doing sth.: 记着已做了某事记着已做了某事 When the teacher came in, the students When the teacher came in, the students stopped_stopped_；when when he came out, the students stopped he came out, the students stopped _ (talk) (talk)talkingto talk第10页/共20页第十页，共21页。特殊特殊(tsh)(tsh)句式：句式： 在在findfindfeelfeelititadj.adj. toto do sth do sth句型中，句型中，itit是形是形式宾语式宾语, , 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 The man found it difficult The man found it difficult toto get get toto sleepsleep I feel it easy I feel it easy toto recite the text recite the text 第11页/共20页第十一页，共21页。 宾语补足语宾语补足语(1)(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带toto： tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, get, wish, 等词后面等词后面(hu mian)(hu mian)常接不定式作宾补。常接不定式作宾补。 例例: I asked a friend : I asked a friend toto read it read it toto me me I tell him not I tell him not toto go there by bus go there by bus Edisons mother taught him Edisons mother taught him toto read and write read and write(2) (2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(feel, listen (feel, listen toto, hear, make, , hear, make, let, have, notice, see, watch, find, helplet, have, notice, see, watch, find, help等等) )后不带后不带to to 的不定式的不定式作宾补。如：作宾补。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room I heard her sing in the next room 返回(fnhu)第12页/共20页第十二页，共21页。表表 语语主语主语+ +系动词系动词(dngc)+(dngc)+表语表语 His wish is His wish is toto become a become a scientistscientist Our duty is Our duty is toto protect the protect the environment.environment. 判断：判断： My work is _(teach) in My work is _(teach) in this school now.this school now. I _ (teach) in this I _ (teach) in this school now.school now.返回(fnhu) 这些行为不是这些行为不是wishwish、dutyduty发出发出(fch)(fch)的，而这些行为的发出的，而这些行为的发出(fch)(fch) 者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。to teacham teaching His wish is becoming a scientist Our duty is protecting the environment. 第13页/共20页第十三页，共21页。定语定语 动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词、代词(dic)(dic)的后面。的后面。 例例: He is the first person : He is the first person toto sail around sail around the world.the world. I have a lot of work I have a lot of work toto do do The doctor said he could do nothing The doctor said he could do nothing toto help the boy help the boy 返回(fnhu) Have you got some pens to write with？ 特殊情况特殊情况: : 如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, , 且动词是不且动词是不及物动词及物动词(j w dn c), (j w dn c), 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。切记不要忘掉后面的介词。 I have a small bedroom I have a small bedroom toto live in live in 第14页/共20页第十四页，共21页。 作状语作状语(zhungy) (zhungy) a.a.目的状语目的状语(zhungy): (zhungy): 放在放在go, come, use, live, in go, come, use, live, in orderorder等词后面等词后面. .如：如： I come I come toto see you see you He runs fast in order He runs fast in order toto get there get there in timein time They brought in photos of their They brought in photos of their families for me families for me toto look at. look at.b. b. 原因状语原因状语(zhungy): (zhungy): 放在放在sorry, glad, surprised, sorry, glad, surprised, disappointeddisappointed， excited excited等词后面。如：等词后面。如： I am glad I am glad toto see you here see you here I am sorry I am sorry toto trouble you trouble youc. c. 作结果状语作结果状语(zhungy)(zhungy)。如。如: : Some of the apples are hard Some of the apples are hard toto reach reach The room is large enough The room is large enough toto hold 1000 hold 1000 peoplepeople 特殊情况：特殊情况：too too toto She is too young She is too young toto look after herself. look after herself. 返回(fnhu)第15页/共20页第十五页，共21页。“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 不式前可带不式前可带whatwhat，whowho，whichwhich，where, when, how, whose, where, when, how, whose, 等等疑问词疑问词, , 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语这种不定式短语在句中作宾语(bny)(bny)、宾语、宾语(bny)(bny)补足语、主补足语、主语等。语等。例例: : He didnt tell me where He didnt tell me where toto go. go. （直宾）（直宾） I dont know what I dont know what toto say now. say now.（宾语（宾语(bny)(bny)） I dont know what I dont know what toto do next. do next. （宾语（宾语(bny)(bny)） He taught us how He taught us how toto use the computer use the computer( (宾补）宾补） Its still a question how Its still a question how toto get there get there( (主语主语) ) 返回(fnhu)第16页/共20页第十六页，共21页。练习练习(linx)(linx)： 1. Its time for us _ (have) supper 1. Its time for us _ (have) supper 2. Would you like _ (go) shopping with me 2. Would you like _ (go) shopping with me？ 3. It took us half an hour _ (work) out the 3. It took us half an hour _ (work) out the problemproblem 4. He is old enough _ (join) the army 4. He is old enough _ (join) the army 5. I feel it strange _ (have) a twin sister 5. I feel it strange _ (have) a twin sister 6. I am very glad _ (meet) you here 6. I am very glad _ (meet) you here 7. We saw them_ (come) into the room just now 7. We saw them_ (come) into the room just now 8. What he said made me_ (feel) sorry 8. What he said made me_ (feel) sorry 9. I am sorry 9. I am sorryI forgot_ (tell) you the newsI forgot_ (tell) you the news 10. His plan is _ (spend) a few days in the 10. His plan is _ (spend) a few days in the mountainsmountains 11. Have you got anything _ (say)? 11. Have you got anything _ (say)? 12. Have you decided which one _ (choose)? 12. Have you decided which one _ (choose)? 13. He is too weak _ (carry) the big stone 13. He is too weak _ (carry) the big stone 第17页/共20页第十七页，共21页。动词形式基本分类（除去时态）：原形、动词形式基本分类（除去时态）：原形、toto do do、 doing doing不定式的结构：不定式的结构：toto do do不定式的句式：肯定及否定句式不定式的句式：肯定及否定句式不定式的特点：无人称、数、时态变化；不能作谓语不定式的特点：无人称、数、时态变化；不能作谓语不定式的句法功能：主语不定式的句法功能：主语 宾语宾语(bny) (bny) 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补 小结小结(xioji)(xioji)：第18页/共20页第十八页，共21页。Hi, relax yourself!第19页/共20页第十九页，共21页。谢谢您的观看(gunkn)！第20页/共20页第二十页，共21页。NoImage内容(nirng)总结动词形式基本分类（除去时态(sh ti)）。want, agree, hope, decide, agree,。start, begin, love, like, hate, prefer等。stop, forget, remember,等词或短语后面可以接to do 与doing,但意思大不相同。a.目的状语: 放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面.如：第二十一页，共21页。