情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动询和恵拟语气情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。一、概念1. 什么是情态动词本身有一定词义，是表达说话人的情感、态度、语气的词，其作用是给动词增添感情色彩 表现形式：情态动词 +动词原形/be2. 特点没有人称和数的变化不能直接跟宾语，必须搭配实义动词或be动词的原形情态动词的过去式往往不表时态，而表示更加委婉的语气。例句：Can/could you help me?2.情态动词的表现形式1 ）情态动词+do例句： We must help each other to overcome the difficulties.You shouldn t be so careless.2 ）情态动词+be doi ng例句： She must be sleep ing now.My mother may/might be cook ing now3 ）情态动词+be done例句： Difficulties can and must be overcome.Someth ing must be done to stop polluti on.4 ）情态动词+have done例句： You ought to have come earlier.They might have fini shed the work.二、情态动词的分类1. 只能作情态动词：must, can/could, may/might2. 可作情态动词也可作助动词的：will/would, shall/should3. 可作情态动词有可作实义动词的：need , dare4. 具有情态动词特征的：ought to, have to, be able to三、分类讲解1. ca n /could1）表示能力：会，在表示过去的能力时用could例句：I can swim.Lucy can dance well and her mother could dance well whe n she was young.The cin ema can seat 500 people.I could not read such an easy book whe n I was 7 years old.2）表允许，许可常用在口语中，此时could 不表示过去式，而表示语气上比can更客气。例句：-Could I use your dicti on ary?-Yes,go ahead./Yes, you can.（ 不可以说 Yes, you could.）He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.情态动词表推测的用法情态动词意义语气句式语境例句备注must一一-可能性肯定句 A: Look，对现在的行为或状态的推定犬 最is8测mu可性 &匕 厶冃定 肯XI n a c o wh+ d 5于 小 性 匕匕 厶冃 可匕匕 厶冃否对Al B测 推 的 态 状ay)其 尤句 定具r u o aa might匕匕 厶冃 可/_k体e n o d e V a h d 5肯 不 最17不事Al 代定实beAl/n a c可可 、- - 匕匆的s a h e H N小 性 匕匕 厶冃 可 dCOUI匕匕 厶冃否判t0e n o g17于句 定断可 不 /_kst u m Al B、17匕匕 厶冃匚 Md5hh wan也 时 有ke肯 于 用r u o17句定有句定肯at h T 时ben aa m会eHAle V a h情态动词意义语气句式语境例句备注should/ought to应该，理应理论上 Its 8 oclock now. He should bein the office now. Hi, Mum! Im on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes.常表示在一段时间 内可能发生的事或 某人的期望。一般句 末有时间状语，或有 语境暗示。所表示的 猜测发生的可能性 很大。注意：should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如： When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. Theybe ready by 12: 00.A. can B . should C. might D . need【解析】B A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说，理应”，既回答了顾客的询问，不失礼貌，又为照片有可能尚未洗 好，顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地，体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。二、情态动词的其他用法1 . can, could, may, might情态动词意义例句备注can/coul能力 I can see somecould 表示泛指过去的某一能力。dbirds flying in the表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某sky.事，通常用 was/were able to do， Could the girl相当 于man agedtoreadbeforeshedo/succeededin doing 。女口 ：went to school?Because he practised hard,hewas able to pass the drivingtest.情态动词意义例句备注can/could允许（有时Ca n/MayIhave acan 与 could、may 与 might 不表时可与maylookatyour态差异，只是语气上的差别，互换）photos ？could/might比 can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。请求Can/Couldyoulend me ahand ？Yes, I can.情态动词意义例句备注may/migh允许或请求 You may take thisif you like. May/MightI askfor a photo of your baby ?can 与 could、may 与 might 不表时 态差异，只是语气上的差别， could/might比 can/may 更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。2. must, should情态动意义例句备注词must必须 We must help eachother tomust表示主观意志，overcome the difficulties.Musthve to 表示客观。如：I finish the work today？-No, youThey had to speed up,n eed nt/youdont haveto./Yes,for the weather tur nedyou must. You must nttaketerrible. Mustphotos here, and it is forbidde n.I/we？的否定回答不能用 must nt 。偏要 Why must you alwaysin terrupt表示与说话人愿望相反硬要me ？及不耐烦。非要一Can 1 borrow your car, Mum？If you must.情态动词意义例句备注应该（常You should be polite to the old.ought to 的否定式：与ought notto(ought ntoughttoto）； 疑问式：通用）Ought to ？竟然It is stra nge that he should react in表示惊讶、意外等语气。this way.万一 Shou ld anyone phone, tell them I用于if从句中强调“万will call back later. (= If anyone一”，或用于虚拟语气。shouldphone ) If I should gothere tomorrow,I would go to seeher.shoul3. n eed, dare情态动词例句注意事项need I neednt go at once.need可以作实义动词，用于各种句式。一Need you go at女口： I need to go at once.l dont need toonce ? Yes , I must.go at once. Do you need to go at/No, I need nt.once ? Yes , I do.need作情态动词常用于否疋、疑冋或条件句中。dare He dare ntcross thedare和need 一样，既可以作情态动词， 也river. How dare you可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用say that to me ?于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。如：He didnt dare(to) go out alone at night.(在否定句中 to有时可省略）4.shall/will/would情态动词意义例句备注shall表示征询意见。Shall I help you？用于第一、第三人称疑问句中。表示说话人的意 You shall do as I say.(） 命令用于第二、愿，有“命令， You shall have thebook tomorrow.第三人称。允诺，警告，决（允诺）心等意思。 If you dont get out, I shall knock youdown.(警告)4.shall/will/would情态动词意义例句备注will/woul表示 I will do everything for you.d意愿 None is so blindas thosewho wont see.表请Will/ Would you please close用于疑冋句中。would 更委求the window ？婉表示 Fish will die without water.used to表示与现在的情况某种 Every time she was in相反，表示“过去如此而现倾向trouble ， she would turn to在不再这样”。其后既可接或习him for help. (would指过去某表动作的动词，也可接表状惯性段时间的情况，常与表示过去态的动词。如：There used动作的时间状语连用，意为“总是，to be an apple tree in总会”，后面只能接动作性的动front of the house.词。）4.shall/will/would情态动词意义例句备注will/woul表示功能 If you dont have a pen, a与否定词连用常表示d（能，行）pen cil will do. We tried th“拒绝”。door again ， butit would ntope n.表示推测 This will be the house you（可能、大are look ing for. 1 woulcbe概）about ten whenmy fatherleft home.二、情态动词+ have done情态动词意义例句备注musthave定（肯定句）；可Youca n t/could nt对过去的事情的推测伽e；能（冃疋句和否疋havemetmymay/might句）;可能（疑问句gra ndmother.Shehave done ；和否定句）died before you werecan/couldborn.have donemighthavedon e;couldhave done ; would have done本来可能做 而未做；本可以 做 而未做； 本来会做而 未做 He mighthavegive n you more help, even though he was verybusy. Wcould have walked there, and it was so n ear.与过去事实相反的虚拟表达e情态动词意义例句备注should/oug本应该做而Yourbrotherhas表示责备ht to have未做failedEn glishexamdoneaga in.You ought tohave give n him morehelp.need nt have本不需要做Youn eed nthavedone但却做了wake nedmeup; Idonthave togo towork today.四、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法f从句主句与现在事实相反f+主语+动词过去式主语+should/would/could/might +动词原形f +主语+ had +过去与过去事实相反与将来事实相反should/would/could/mi 分词ght + have + 过去分词(1) if +主语+动词过去主语should/would/could/might +动词原形式(2) if +主语+ were to +动词原形【3) if +主语+ should +动词原形If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.女口果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道)If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time.如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做)(1) 主句中的should 通常用于第一人称，would 可用于任何人称。(2) 条件句中如果动词是 be ,其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were ;在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用 was代替were。但在if I were you 中，不能说成if I was you 。(3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。If he had not take n my advice, he would nt do it much better like this.如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。(4) 在条件句中，如果有 were, had, should 等，则可省略if,但应注意把 were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。女口： If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion.= Were he to come, Iwould join him in the discussio n.如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如:要是没有空气和水,要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth.地球上就没有生命。（介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件）With your help, we might finish the plan earlier.些完成任务。（介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句）2 .虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法专题八丨正面解读宾语从句愿望I wish主语+动词过去式现在不能实现的愿望主语+ had +过去分词过去不能实现的愿望主语+ would/might+动词原形将来不能实现的愿望I wish I were a doctor.我希望我是个医生就好了。（现在）I wish that the rain would stop.我希望雨能停下来。（将来）I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.我希望他不要把事情搞大了。（过去）3 .虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用（1）在 in sist ; comma nd , order ； dema nd , request , require , desire ; advise, propose,suggest , recommend等表示命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she （should） leave the house at once.他要她立刻离开这所房子。He proposed that we （should） deal with the problem by the view of developme nt.他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。（2）与上述动词相对应的名词suggesti on, order, dema nd , proposal等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气（should可省略）。如：My proposal is that we （should） set a deadli ne for handing in the pla n.我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。(3) 在 It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed,结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：Its required that every student be on time for school. 要求每个学生准时到校。(4) 在 do you suggest/recommend 用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”的形式，其中should 可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy? 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？(5) 在 Its necessary ， essential ，important, strange, natural 等形容词 that 从 句或 Its a pity ，a shame 等名词 that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用 should do 。如：It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。Its a pity that you should be so careless.你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。4虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法在 as if/though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与 wish 后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：Ive loved you as if you were my relative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。5虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法(1) Its high time that-从谓句语中动，词可以使用过去式， 也可使用 should 动词原形；表示“早该了”，其中 should不可省略。如：Its high time we got up/should get up.我们早该起床了。(2) would rather 从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完 成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：我宁愿你明天来。你当时不惹他就好了。I would rather you came tomorrow.(3) if only 要是多好啊。如：If only you hadnt offended him.(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：May you succeed ！祝你成功！Long live the Peoples Republic of China.中华人民共和国万岁！1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustnt have rained last night.【正】 The streets are all dry; it cant have rained last night.【解析】 对某一事实的否定推测不能用 must ，而要用 cant 或 couldnt 表示“不可 能”。2 【误】 I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess.【正】 I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.【解析】 猜的事情发生在昨天，因此要用情态动词 have done 形式，当动词是 be 时，很容易忽略它的时态意义，要特别留意。3 【误】 He must be very friendly at times.【正】 He can be very friendly at times.【解析】 句意为：他有时会很友好。可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测，而是一种 理论上的可能性，因此用 can 。4 【误】 I cant find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday.【正】 I cant find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday.【解析】 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用 must/may/might have done sth. 另外， 表示把忘记在某地”应用动词leave。5 【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out.正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out.解析】 表示在过去成功地做到了某事， 肯定句中通常用 was/were able to do sth.6 【误】 Will I open the window for you?【正】 Shall I open the window for you?【解析】 shall 与第一、第三人称连用，表示征求意见或请求指示，这时不可用 will 。will通常与第二人称连用，即Will you ？7 【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.【解析】 根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责：本应该多浇些水的。要 用 should have done 形式表示“本应该做而未做”。8 【误】 Hadnt they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【解析】 当条件中含有 were, had, should 等时，可省略if,从而把were, had, should 提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把 were, had, should 提前， not 仍放在主语之 后。9 【误】If only I saw the film yesterday.【正】If only I had seen the film yesterday.【解析】 if only 后句子若表示过去的一种愿望, 其谓语动词应用过去完成式, 即 if onlysb. had done sth. 。1 Everyone in my class passed the exam. Oh ， really ？ It difficult.A cant have beenB neednt have beenC must beD mightnt behave【解析】 A 考查情态动词。对过去进行推测，表示“一定不”应使用 cant done 。句意为：“我们班上每个人都通过了考试。”“哦，真的吗？那题目一定不难。”2 .2009 安徽卷Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarilyshy ； they just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D . would【解析】 B 句意为：有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞，他们可能是安静的人。此处 用 may 表示“可能”之意。3. Why didnt you answer the phone last night? I when you called.A. had to have sleptB . had to be sleepingC. must have been sleepingD. must have slept【解析】 C 由时间状语和结合语境来看，这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯 定推测，再结合题意，应该是 must have been doing 结构，选 C。4. When I lived with my roommates in the university, we often talk intothe night.A. might B. must C. should D . would【解析】 D 这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作（或过去经常做的事情 ）。5. This is the first time I my first picture with my own hands. It is time that you a picture for me.A. took; tookB have taken; tookC took; will takeD will take; have taken【解析】B This/lt is the first time that从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式；Its （high） time that中，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式（即虚拟语气），意为该是做的时候了”。6 Why hasnt Jack come back yet ？ anything have happened to him?Im not sure, but I guess something.A May ； must haveB Can ； may haveC Must ； mayD Dare ； might have【解析】 B 考查情态动词。在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can 或could ，推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式，只能选 B。7It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather coldsometimes.AmustB can C shouldD would【解析】 B can 用在肯定句中可以指“有时会，可能会”，表示客观情况或逻辑上 的可能性。句意为：三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和，但有时也会非常冷。8 Lizawell not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.AwillB canCmustDmay【解析】 D may well （not） do sth. 意为“很可能 （不）干某事，完全 （没）有可能干某 事”。9 Look at the floor, Tom ！you watch TV while having a meal?A ShouldB CouldC WouldD Must解析】 D must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦“非得、偏要”。如：10 The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they win thechampionship.A shouldB mightC wouldD must【解析】 A 本题考查情态动词。句意为：这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好，因此， 他们应该会赢得冠军。根据常理进行推测表示“应该”时用should。11 When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board thatonly half of them would return again.Awill never thinkBcan never thinkCneednt have thoughtDcouldnt have thought【解析】 D 考查“情态动词完成式”的用法。根据句意“当这艘轮船从泰国驶出 的时候，船上的 16 名船员不会想到他们当中只有一半的人会返回”可知，这里表示对过去 事情的否定推测，选 D。12 What does the sign over there read?No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area.AwillBshallCmayDmust【解析】 B 考查情态动词的特殊用法。答句句意为：任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者 是携带点燃的香烟。 shall 在这里表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。 专题八丨实战演练13 Its hard to believe that such a greedy man donate so much to ProjectHope.AmayBneedCcanDshall解析】 C 考查情态动词的特殊用法。句意为：这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐出这么多钱，真是难以置信！ can 在这里表示惊讶、不相信，意为“居然会，竟能”。14 For environmental reasons，we as well take these waste products andhave them recycled.A shouldB wouldCmightD could【解析】 C 考查情态动词。 所填词与 as well 构成固定搭配， 意思是不妨， 用 might ， 选 C 。15 We here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though.A could beB should beC must have beenD would have been【解析】D would have done sth.表示与已经发生的事实相反，意思是本来会但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达，但我们在机场被延误了。16Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. Really ？ He the 9 ：00 train. Its much more comfortable and safer totravel by train.A could have takenB should takeC must have takenD can take【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。上句表示珍妮已乘坐 8 点的汽车去了广州。答句 句意为： 她本可以坐 9 点的火车去的， 坐火车舒服得多， 安全得多。 “情态动词 could 完 成式”表示“本来可以，而实际上并没有那么做”。17. 2010 四川卷I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B . May C. Must D . Need【解析】 B 考查情态动词词义辨析。 may 用于一般疑问句，表示请求。18. 2010 安徽卷 Jack described his father，who a brave boy many years ago ， as a strong-willed man.Awould beB would have beenC must beD must have been【解析】 D 考查情态动词。句意为：杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人，他 很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根据 many years ago 可知，是对过去事情的推测。 would have been 多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。19 . 2010 浙江卷Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount oftime and energy.A. would have been savedB . had been savedC. will be savedD . was saved【解析】 A 本题考查虚拟语气。根据 Had I known 提示，可知此句是虚拟语气，且 与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用 would have done 的形式。此外本句还是被动，选A。20 . 2010 湖南卷Youbuy a gift , but you can if you want to.A. mustB . mustntC. have toD . dont have to【解析】 D 考查情态动词。 dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境。句意为： 你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。21 . 2010 陕西卷May I take this book out of the readi ng room? No ， you. You read it in here.A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D . mustnt【解析】 D 本题考查情态动词的用法。表示“禁止；千万别做某事”时，要用mustnt 。22 . 2010 江西卷I have told you the truth.I keep repeating it?A Must BCan CMay D Will【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。 句意为： 我已经告诉你真相了。 要我一再重复吗？must在此用于加强语气，意为“必须吗？非得吗？”23 . 2010 江苏卷I havent got the referenee book yet , but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You have it by Friday.A. eouldB . shallC. mustD . may【解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。当主语为第二、三人称时，情态动词shall 表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，本句表示允诺。24 . 2010 江苏卷George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he more on its eulture.A focusB focusedC would focusD had focused【解析】 B 本题考查虚拟语气。 would rather 从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使 用一般过去时。25 . 2010 全国卷 I Just be patient. Youexpect the world to change sosoon.A cantB needntC may notD will not【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。 cant 表示“不能”，语气强烈。26 . 2010 福建卷Teachers recommend parentstheir children under 12to ride bicycles to school for safety.A not allowB do not allowC mustnt allowD couldnt allow【解析】 A 考查虚拟语气。句意为：教师们建议：为了孩子们的安全，父母不应让 12 岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。 recommend 意为“建议”，其后接的宾语从句采用虚 拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should +动词原形”的形Should可以省略。27 . 2010 天津卷Mark have hurried. After drivingat top speed , hearrived half an hour early.A. needntB . wouldntC. mustntD . couldnt【解析】 A neednt have done 本没有必要做某事，实际上做了。28 . 2010 重庆卷Youpark here! Its an emergency exit.A. wouldntB . needntC. couldntD . mustnt【解析】 D 考查情态动词词义辨析。由句意“这里是紧急出口”，可知此处不允许 停车，所以用 mustnt 表示“禁止，不许”。29 . 2010 北京卷Good morning. Ive got an 即pointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah ， good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.Amight B mustC wouldD can【解析】B 本题考查情态动词。根据句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用hust来表示肯定推测。30 . 2010 山东卷I have watched that movie itll give me horribledreams.A shouldntB needntC couldntD mustnt解析】 A shouldnt have done 意为“本不应该做但实际已经做了（表达后悔的情绪）1 . （2011潍坊第一次模拟）一Why didn t Alex attendthe party yesterdayevening?Henot have wan ted to see me.A. shouldB. mightC.couldD.would解析： 考查情态动词。语意：他可能不想来见我。 might have done 表示对过去一 种不太肯定的推测。答案： B2 . （2011 青岛市模拟）一May I tell this to my close friend? No ， you.Never let anybody else know about it.A needn tB shouldntC mustn tD can t解析： 由“决不可以让其他任何人知道”可知选C，mustn t 表示“不允许，不可以”，语气强烈。答案： C3 . （2011 杭州市教学检测）一Mum , I am feeling tired and sleepy now. Yo uso late last night.A couldn t have stayed upB mustn t have stayed upC shouldn t have stayed upD needn t have stayed up解析： 考查情态动词。 shouldn t have stayed up 本来不该熬夜。 couldn t have stayed up 不可能熬夜； needn t have stayed up 本没有必要熬夜。根据语意可知本句 是母亲责备孩子昨晚熬夜了，故选 C 项。答案： C4 . （2011 南通一模）Shopping online can save much time as yougo toa shop or walk around crowded shopping centers.解析： 本题考查情态动词。句意为：由于不必去商店或者拥挤的购物中心，网上购物 能够节省大量时间。根据句意，应选A。答案： A5 . （2011青岛市联合模拟）一E