直升机英语词汇

WORD格式英文释义一、基础词汇1、直升机种类single-rotorhelicopter(withtailrotor)tandemrotorshelicopterside-by-siderotorshelicoptercoaxialrotorshelicoptertip-drivenrotorshelicoptertiltrotorshelicopterautogyrocompoundhelicopter2、常见作用力thrustliftpropulsionprofiledragaerodynamicdragdragforcecentrifugalforceparasitedragprotuberancedragnose-down/noseupmoment中文释义备注说明单旋翼带尾桨式直升机纵列式双旋翼直升机横列式双旋翼直升机共轴双旋翼式直升机叶尖推进式直升机倾转旋翼式飞机旋翼机复合式直升机加上coefficient，推力即相应系数，例：升力系数升力推进力跟发动机有关的型阻力气动阻力阻力离心力废阻力由于机身突起物所带来的阻力对于迎角来说，抬头为正，低头低头力矩/抬头力矩为负7 / 73、直升机的一些部件rotorshaftmainrotoraxisaftfairingfuselageauxiliarycomponentsgasturbineenginepistonenginehubcontrolcolumncockpitundercarriagelandinggearenginenacelledeflectorcanopyairframepropeller旋转轴主旋翼轴尾部整流装置机身包括nose-section、机身corss-sectionshape、afterbodytaper、camber几个部分构成辅助元件燃气涡流发动机活塞式发动机桨毂驾驶杆驾驶舱可以收回的起落架retraction起落架(轮式的是wheel，雪橇式的是skid)发动机舱变流装置座舱罩机身主要相对气动分析而言的概念螺旋桨（推进器）相对旋翼机而言articulatedrotor铰接式旋翼铰接articulationhinglessrotor无铰式旋翼4、数学概念equation等式formula公式iterativenon-dimensionalizecoefficentempiricalfactordimensionlessquantityharmonictermssecondharmoniccontrolnumericalmethod迭代的无因次化系数经验系数无因次量各阶谐波项二阶谐波控制数值方法linearizationofsmallperturbation小扰动线性化polynomial多项式vectorsum矢量和displacement位移evaluate求的值5、直升机的基本参数rotordiameterrotorradiusdiscloadingfigureofmerittwist/negativecenterofgravity桨盘直径桨盘半径单位桨盘载荷相对效率扭度/负扭重心angularvelocitychordlengthspanwisewidthsolidityfactorcollectivepitchspanLocknumberpower-to-weightrationpitchrollheadsweepbackstiffnessconingangleanglefoincidence(attack)offsetAspectratio二、直升机空气动力学1、滑流理论英文释义中文释义备注说明hover悬停角速度弦长展向宽度实度总距叶素全长洛克数功重比俯仰滚转偏航后掠角刚度刚体的:rigid锥度角迎角偏置常用在挥舞铰偏置中展弦比momentumtheory滑流理论verticalflight垂直飞行indescent/verticaldescent/verticalclimb下降/上升inducedpower/velocity诱导功率/速度 outflow流出流inflow流入流disc桨盘streamtube流管线flowpattern流型steady/unstead定常/非定常downwash/upwash下洗流/上洗流kineticenergy动能compressibilityeffect压缩性效应tiploss叶尖损失2、叶素理论BladeElementTheory/ElementaryBladeTheory叶素理论sectionshape剖面inflowangle来流角airfoil翼型bladeincidence桨叶迎角liftslop升力线斜率bladespan翼展（相对于旋翼而言）leadingedge前缘trailingedge后缘blade桨叶沿半径从内向外分为三个部分：inboard、mid-span、tippartsnon-uniformflow非均匀来流idealtwist儒氏旋翼blademeanliftcoefficient平均升力系数与升力系数不是同一个概念3、涡流理论部分英文释义中文释义备注说明tipvortex桨尖涡vortex-ring(state)涡环（状态）vortex的复数vorticesturbulent-wakestate紊流状态wakevortices尾迹涡vortexcylinder涡柱面trailingvortexsystem尾迹涡系wakevortices尾迹streamwisevortices流向涡discrete分离的三、前飞理论部分英文释义中文释义备注说明advanceratio前进比advancingside前行桨叶retreatingside后行桨叶flappingmotionreversedflow挥舞运动反流区flappinghinge挥舞铰flappingcoefficient挥舞系数regionofEquilibriumEquation力平衡方程force/moments惯性力Coriolisforce/moment哥氏力/哥氏力力矩interiarestrainingforce约束力gravitationalforce/momentsmechanicaldamper机械阻尼器重力/力矩damping阻尼gyroscopicmoment陀螺力矩crosscoupling交叉耦合oscillatorybendingstress振荡弯曲应力rollmoment滚转力矩resultantforce/moment合力/合力矩AbecommunicatedtoB力A传到Blead-laghinge摆振铰featheringhinge变距铰oncomingstreamdirection迎流方向referenceplane参考面separatedflow气流分离全称:retreatingbladestallbladestalling桨尖失速全称:advancingbladecompressiblitydragriseazimuthangle方位角shockinducedflowseperation激波-气流分离stallingcharacteristic失速特性freestreamdynamicpressure自由来流动压boundarylayer附面层asymmetry/symmetry不对称/对称flowreversl气流反向horizontaltailplane水平安定面verticalfin垂直安定面lateral/longitudinalcycliccoefficient横向/纵向周期变距headwind逆风tailwind顺风四、性能计算部分：英文释义中文释义备注说明performanceassessment性能评估helicopterperformancecalculation直升机性能计算groundeffect地面效应autorotation自转飞行highrateofclimb悬停升限windtunneltest风洞测试patrol/loitertask巡航飞行cruisespeed巡航速度weightcapability承重能力rateofclimb爬升率absoluteceiling绝对升限serviceceiling实用升限optimumspeed最佳速度minimumrateofdescent最小下降率maximumedurance/loitertime最大续航时间maximumglidedistance最大航行距离maximumrange最大航行里程maximumspeed最大速度specificrange比航程dihedralaction上反作用longitudinal/lateraltrimequation纵向/横向配平方程shaftpower轴功率powerrequirement需用功率inducedrequirement诱导功率stability稳定性staticstability静稳定dynamicstability动稳定incidencedisturbance动稳定扰动的几种情况forwardspeeddisturbanceangularvelocitydisturbancesideslipdisturbanceyawingdisturbancestabilityaugmentationsystem增稳系统