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题型专题突破第二部分第二部分专题十二阅读理解专题十二阅读理解第第3讲主旨大意题讲主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查考生把握文章主旨大意以及中心思想的能力。该题要求考生具备运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维能力。 1题型特点 此类题型可分为段落主旨题和文章主旨题两种类型。段落主旨题往往指向段落大意、段落要点或段落中心思想，考查考生对自然段落主旨的理解。文章主旨题指文章的基本论点、文章标题和文章主题等。该题型考查考生理解全文的基础上运用推理与判断对文章要点加以归纳、概括的逻辑思维能力。名师点拨 2常见设问方式 What is the main idea of Paragraph？ We can conclude from the passage that _. The best title/headline for this passage is _. 3解题策略 (1)寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。 主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。 (2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。 (3)抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。(2015全国卷B)Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less selfconscious(难为情) when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.典题在线 Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint, go blue. Dont forget the clockor the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 1What can be a suitable title for the text? AIs Your House Making You Fat? BWays of Serving Dinner CEffects of SelfConsciousness DIs Your Home Environment Relaxing? 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了家居环境对我们饮食的影响，然后给出了如何通过改变房间光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的大小等来控制饮食，从而保持体型的建议。 1【解析】主旨大意题。文章开篇点题Your house may have an effect on your figure.然后从专家的角度进行了进一步的说明the way you design your home could play a role in whether your pack on the pounds or keep them off.，并给那些想减肥的人士提了一些房间布置的建议。因此，A项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”最适合做文章的标题。 【答案】AArriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 2Which of the following can be the best title for the text? AFrom India to Australia.BLiving in a New Country. CTurning Trash to Treasure. DIn Search of New Friends. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她的丈夫在一个陌生的城市丢失了重要的文件，正在绝望之时突然有人打来电话告知文件下落。一家善良的人发现了他丢失的文件并归还，这让作者与丈夫重拾对他人的信任。 2【解析】主旨大意题。本文的情节主线是重要文件丢失又被找回，并且文件是在垃圾桶里被发现的。同时，treasure一词也喻指对他人的信任。 【答案】C专题对点特训专题对点特训主旨大意题主旨大意题(一一)专题对点特训专题对点特训主旨大意题主旨大意题(二二)
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