葡萄酒基础专业词汇中英文对照解析

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第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine :干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine :半干葡萄酒Dry white wine :干白葡萄酒Rose wine :桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine :甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine :半甜葡萄酒Still wine :静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine :起泡葡萄酒Claret :新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine :贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine :加强葡萄酒Flavored wine :加香葡萄酒Brut wine :天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine :加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif) :开胃葡萄酒Table wine :佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine :餐后葡萄酒Champagne香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis :宝祖利酒Mistelle :密甜尔Wine Cooler :清爽酒Cider :苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy :水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy :葡萄白兰地Liquor ( Liqueur ):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子洒)Rum朗姆酒Cocktail :鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit :酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast :野生酵母Yeast hulls :酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast :活性干酵母Bacteria :细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria :醋酸菌Spoilage yeast :败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration :蒸腾作用Evaporation :蒸发Photosynthesis :光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison :转色期Saturation :饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation :发酵停滞Primary Fermentation :前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation ;二次发酵Heterofermentation :异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF) :苹果酸- 酒精发酵Methode Charantaise :夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique : CO2H:渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation : CO2g:渍发酵Beaujolasis method :宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation :厌氧发酵法Thermovinification :热浸渍酿造法Charmat method :罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning :酶促褐变Acetification :酸败Ageing :陈酿Sur lies :带酒脚陈酿Esterify :酯化Saccharify :糖化Liquefy : 溶解、液化Bottle aging :瓶内陈酿Amelioration :原料改良Chaptalization :加糖Distillation :蒸馏Fractional Distillation :分馏Rectification :精馏Clarification :澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite :膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite :硅藻土Capsule :胶帽Tin Plat 、 Foil :锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin :果胶酶Silica gel :硅胶Gelatin :明胶Isinglass :鱼胶Egg white :蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder :血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid :总酸Titrable acid :滴定酸Residul sugar :残糖Carbon dioxide :二氧化碳Sugar-free extract :干浸出物Volatile acid :挥发酸Sulfur dioxide :二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide :总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide :游离二氧化硫Copper (Cu):铜Iron (Fe):铁Calcium (Ca):钙Sodium (Nsj):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol :甲醇 High Alcohol :高级醇 Polyalcohol :多元醇 Ethyl acetate :乙酸乙酯 Flavonol :黄酮醇Glycine :甘油 Calcium Pectate :果胶酸钙 Ochratoxin :棕曲霉毒素Butanol :丁醇 Isobutanol :正丁醇 Gastric Acid :胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid :乙酸 Formic Acid :甲酸,蚁酸 Phospholipids :磷脂 Amino Acid :氨基酸 Fatty Acid :脂肪酸Carbonic Acid :碳酸Carbohydrate :碳水化合物Fixed Acid :固定酸Tartaric Acid :酒石酸Malic Acid :苹果酸Citric Acid :柠檬酸Lactic Acid :乳酸Succinic Acid :琥珀酸Sorbic acid :山梨酸Ascorbic acid :抗坏血酸Benzyl acid :苯甲酸Gallic acid :没食子酸Ferulic Acid :阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid :香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar :葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar :果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening :蔗糖Polysaccharides :水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam泡沫Protein :蛋白质Mercaptan :硫醇Thiamine :硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:钱盐Melanoidinen :类黑精Glycerol :甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate :柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate :硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide :硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins :儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold :香味阈值Maillard Reaction :美拉德反应Volatile Phenols :挥发性酚Vanillan :香子兰Vanillin :香草醛, 香兰素Linalool :里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol : ? 牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid :丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes :呋喃醛Eugenol: 丁香酚Guaiacol :愈创木酚:碳水化合物降解物Carbohydrate Degradation ProductsCellulose :纤维素Hemicellulose :半纤维素Hemicellulase :半纤维素酶Maltol :落叶松皮素Oak Lactone :橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins :水解单宁Ellagitannins :鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin :原花色素Relative Astringency(RA) :相对涩性Lagic Acid :鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen :多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential :氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols :多酚PVP (P):聚乙烯(聚)叱咯烷酮Anthocyanin :花青素Alcohol, ethanol :乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester :酯类物质Nitrogen :氮气Aroma果香Virus :病毒Bacteriophage :噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct :副产物Potassium Bitartrate (KHT :洒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate :山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二钱Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5) :偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin :单宁Oak tannins :橡木丹宁Undesired ( Excessive ) Tannins :劣质单宁Desired tannins :优质单宁Enzyme 酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶B-glucosidase : 0-葡(萄)糖甘酶B -glucanase : 0 -葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins :甘露糖蛋白Lees:洒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene : 卫生Activated carbon :活性碳Currant :茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry :木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration) :过滤Two-way Pump 双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge :离心机Distillation :蒸馏Heat Exchanger :热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser :压榨机Atmosphere Presser :气囊压榨机Screw Presser :连续压榨机Filter :过滤机Bottling Line :灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration ( filter ):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration ( filter ):膜过滤(机) Sterile Filtration ( filter ):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration ( filter ):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine :转瓶机Pomace Draining :出渣Blending :调配Racking :分离(皮渣、洒脚)Decanting :倒灌(瓶)Remuage 吐渣Fining :下胶Deacidification :降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact :浸皮(渍)Mix colors :调色Oxidative Ageing Method :氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method :还原陈酿法Stabilization :稳定性Ullage :未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace 顶空NTU浊度Receiving bin :接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column :蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger :热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar :酒窖Wine Showroom葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density (OD :光密度Metal Crown Lid :皇冠盖Blanket :隔氧层Pasteurisation :巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery :葡萄苗圃Graft :嫁接苗Scion :接穗Seedling :自根苗Disease :病害Botrytis :灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew :白粉病Fan Leaf :扇叶病毒病Anthracnose :炭疽病Mild Powder :灰腐病Black Rotten :黑腐病Noble rot :贵腐病Pearls :皮尔斯病Phylloxera :根瘤蚜Nematode 线虫Bird Damage :鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur :石硫合剂Nursery :营养钵Herbicide :除草剂Pesticide :杀虫剂Fungicide :真菌剂Bordeaux mixture :波尔多液Microclimate :微气候Variety :品种Cluster :果穗Rachis :穗轴Scion :接穗Rootstock :砧木Grafting :嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology :葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification :葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making :葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture :葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker :酿酒师Vintage :年份Inoculation ( inoculum ):接种(物)MO(G material other than grapes ):杂物Terpene:菇烯Terpenol :萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein :日常餐酒;2. Landwein :地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete :简称 QbA 优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat :简称 QmP 特别优质酒。Qm傲别内根据葡萄不同的成熟度,还可以细分为6个等级:1. Kabinett :珍藏2. Spatlese :晚收3. Auslese :精选4. Beerenauslese :简称BA 颗粒精选5. Trockenbeerenauslese :简称TBA用深度贵腐的葡萄酿成,葡萄大概要失 去95%的水分,酿成的酒也最甜。TBA等级的葡萄酒有的时候就如同蜂蜜那么浓 稠,由于产量很少所以价格通常很高。6. Eiswein :冰酒,是用冰冻的葡萄酿造的酒。第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类Vitaceae :葡萄科Vine :葡萄树American Vine :美洲种葡萄Franco-american :欧美杂交种Hybrid :杂交品种Wild Grape (Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar :栽培品种Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄Table Grape :鲜食葡萄Seedless Grape :无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine) Variety :葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:Cabernet Sauvigno n(France) :赤霞珠Cabernet Franc(France) :品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠Carignan :佳利酿Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄Petit Verdot (France):味尔多Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi ( Former Soviet Union ):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonnay(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆Italian Riesling :贵人香Grey Risling :灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc :白麝香Pinot Blanc(France : ) 白品乐Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白Long Yan (China,Changcheng):龙眼Rkatsiteli ( Former Soviet Union ):白羽四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France) :紫北塞Yan 73(China,Changyu) :烟73Yan 74(China,Changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste :品尝Clarity :清澈、透明Transparent :透明的Sensation ;感觉Bitter Flavors :苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour :异味Stemmy果梗味Reduction Smell :还原味Oxidative Smell :氧化味Harmony协调性Odour:气味Olfactory :嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma果香Bouquet:酒香Body:酒体Perception :感觉Amber琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny:黄褐色Violet :紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown:褐色的Round:圆润的Full :完整的、丰满的Harmonious: 协调的Supple:柔顺的Soft :柔软的Smooth:平滑的Mellower :醇美的Lively :充满活力的Rich :饱满的,馥郁的Fine :细腻的Fresh:清新的Well-balanced :平衡良好的Subtle : 微妙的 , 精细的Velvety :柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant :芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery :花香的Syrupy:美妙的、甜美的Mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的Luscious :甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil :恬静的Spicy :辛辣的Tart :尖酸的Harsh, Hard:粗糙的Lighter :清淡的、轻盈的Thin :单薄的Flat :平淡的Unbalanced :不平衡的Spoiled,Unsound :败坏的Fuller :浓郁的Vinous :洒香的Coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant :开胃的、辛辣的Tart :尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent :收敛的、苦涩的Conflict :不和谐的Stale :走味的,沉滞的Dull :呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste :硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour :硫化氢味Taste of Lees :酒泥味Mousiness :鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky :木塞味ouldy Taste,Musty Taste :霉味Cooked Taste :老化味Resinous :树月旨味Casky (Woody )Taste :橡木味,木味Smoke Taste:烟熏味Metallic Flavour :金属味Earthy Taste :泥土味Herbaceous Taste :青草味After Taste :后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar :酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label :酒标Water Jar :斟酒壶Wine Funnel :斟酒漏斗Decanter :细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink :软饮料Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶Palate :味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet:香味Ice-Bucket :冰桶Fruity :果味的Subside :沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition :营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮Sterol :甾醇Vitamin :维生素Tocopherol : VE,生育酚Thiamine : VB1,硫胺素Flavin :黄素Riboflavin : VB2,核黄素Nicotinic Acid :烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析Determination :检测Titration :滴定Dilute :稀释Litmus Paper :石蕊试纸Reagent:试齐1JGoggle:护目镜Flask :烧瓶Beaker:烧杯(带倾口)Distilled Water :蒸馏水Hydrometer:液体比重计Refractometer :手持糖量仪高效液相色谱High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLCPaper Chromatography :纸层析法Specific Gravity :比重Sodium Hydroxide :氢氧化钠(NaOH)Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate :邻苯二甲酸氢钾Phenolphthalein :酚酞Pipette :移液管Erlenmeyer Flask :锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal :活性碳Whatman Filter Paper :沃特曼滤纸PH-meter: PH计Titration End-point :滴定终点Buffer Solution :缓冲液Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate :酒石酸氢钾Calibrate :校准Electrode :电极Starch Indicator :淀粉指示剂Sulphuric Acid :硫酸Pyrex Beaker :耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide :碘化钾(KI )Sodium Thiosulphate :硫代硫酸钠(NaS2SO)3Hydrogen Peroxide :过氧化氢(H2O2)Orthophosphoric Acid :正磷酸Methyl-red :甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter) :酒精计Thermometer:温度计Pycnometer:比重瓶Formic Acid :甲酸(蚁酸)Sodium Formate :甲酸钠Bromophenol Blue :溴酚蓝Agar Plating :琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar :巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar :玉米粉琼脂Egg Albumin Agar :卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar :甘油琼脂Malt Agar :麦芽汁琼脂(培养基 )Nutrient Agar :营养琼脂Plain Agar :普通琼脂Starch Agar :淀粉琼脂Potato-dextrose Agar (P.D.A) : 土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave :高压锅,灭菌锅Petri Dishes :灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope :低倍显微镜Micro-loop :接种环Micro-needle :接种针Alcohol Lamp :酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害Copper Casse:铜破败病Ferric Casse :铁破败病Proteinic Casse :蛋白质破败病Blue Casse :蓝色破败病White Casse :白色破败病Oxidasic Casse :氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease :细菌病害Mannitic Disease :甘露醇病
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