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冀教版九下第五单元语法强化训练 语法全面透视宾语补足语宾语补足语通常紧跟宾语之后对宾语进一步补充、解释、说明，使意思更加完整、正确，做宾语补足语的一般有：名词，形容词，介词或介词短语，副词，现在分词或短语，过去分词，动词不定式等。1. 哪些动词后可有宾语补足语（1）在表示心理状态的动词后接宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider（考虑）,think（认为）,believe（相信）,discover(发现),find（发现）,imagine（想象）,prove（证明）,suppose（假设）等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“tobe+形容词或名词”结构，think（认为）,consider（考虑）,find（发现）后的tobe常可省略。Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImether. 我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。I believe it to be true. 我相信那是真的。（2）在表示情感状态的动词后接宾语补足语。这类动词有：love（爱好）,like（喜欢）,prefer（更喜欢）,hate（不喜欢）,want（想要）,wish（希望）,expect（期望）等。Idpreferyoutoleavehimalone.我希望你不要打扰他。Idontwantthemtobeanytrouble. 我不想他们有任何麻烦。友情提示hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。I hope you can give me a hand.=I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。He demanded that we should be present at the meeting.= He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我们出席会议。Mr. Li suggested that she should not go there alone.= Mr. Li advised her not to go there alone李先生建议她不要独自去那里。 2. 宾语补足语的形式可作宾语补足语的形式有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。（1）副词作宾语补足语的动词有：find（发现），think(认为)，let（让）等。I found him in yesterday. 我发现他昨天在家。I think her out now.我认为她现在出去了。（2）形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep（保持）, get（使）, think（认为）, find（认为，发现）, make（使）等。We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。 Dont get your clothes dirty.别把衣服弄脏了。（3）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。1 / 11We call them mooncakes. 我们叫他们月饼。She thought her son (to be) a honest boy. 她认为她的儿子是一个诚实的男孩。（4）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。表示动作正在进行。In the country, we can hear birds singing. 在农村我们可以听见鸟儿唱歌。I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。（5）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。I left my pen on my desk at home. I found my grandpa in the garden.我发现爷爷在花园里。（6）不定式作宾语补足语1） 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise（建议）, allow（允许）, tell（告诉）, want（想要）, wish（希望）, would like（想要）, get（使）, ask（要求）, teach（教 ）She often asks me to help her. 她常常叫我帮助她。We dont allow such things to happen again.我们不允许这样的事情再发生了。2） 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see（看见）, watch（观看）, hear（听见）, make（让）, let（让）, feel（感觉）, notice（注视）等。I often see him play football. 我常常看见他踢足球。They heard her sing in the next room.他们听见她在隔壁房间里唱歌。3） 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明 help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。I often help my mother(to) do some housework.我常常帮我妈妈干家务活。在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词是“一感二听三让四观看”。一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：let,have,make；四观看：see,watch,lookat，notice。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式，但have没有被动语态。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了4）掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语过去分词”的几种含义 在“ have 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语， have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义： 意为“主语请别人做某事”。 He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行） 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。 Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt.当心，否则会弄伤手的。 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）5）动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。Im waiting for James to arrive.我正等着詹姆斯的到来。Hes arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。（7）分词作宾语补足语用现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1） 跟分词作宾语补足语的动词有： make（让）, have（使）, get（使）, keep（保持）, hear（听）, find（发现）, feel（感觉）, start（开始）, begin（开始）, notice（注视）, watch（观看）等。There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。友情提示在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里3. 现在分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别。（1）feel，find，hear，notice，see，watch等感官动词，既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带to的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成。试比较下面句子：He saw her working in the garden. (She was working in the garden.)他看见她在花园里干活。He saw her enter the room.(She entered the room.)他看见她走进屋子。（2）使役动词get，have既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。get sb. to do/have sb. do sth表示“使/让/叫某人去做某事”，侧重动作的结果；have sb./sth doing表示“使/让某人/物持续地做某事”，侧重动作的持续；get sb/sth doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。试比较下面的句子：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.母亲让我到商店买一些盐。I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me.我不能使他戒烟。他不听我的话。The mother had the boy cleaning the room the whole afternoon.母亲让这个男孩整个下午清理房间。I cant get the car starting. 我不能把车发动起来。 语法强化训练( )1.There must be someone at the door. I heard a bell . A. ring B. to ring C. ringing D. was ringing( )2. The news made me .A.exciteB.excitingC.excitesD.excited( )3. Mum always tells me hard.A.am studyingB.studyingC.to studyD. study( )4. Look! Can you see a boy towards us?A.runB.to runC. runsD.running( )5. They call his son .A.doing homework B. JimC. homeworkD.a Jim( )6. -Why did you go back to the shop？-I left my friend_there. A.waiting B.to waitC.wait D.waits( )7. She requested him with her. A. goB.goingC.gonedD.to go ( )8. Robert often asks us his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with( )9. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked( )10. You must keep the classroom and tidy everyday. A. clean B. cleanedC. to cleanD. cleaning( )11. Let him first. A. to be in B. in C. is inD.to be( )12. I had my bike this morning. A. repairB. repaired C.repairingD. repairs( )13. You can ask your teacher to give you . A. a hand B. to a handC. to handD. handed( )14. Shemadehim smoking. A. to give up B. give up C. gives upD. giving up( )15. Would you like us with you?A. go B. to go C. goingD. gone答案与解析1. C 此处考查现在分词作宾语补足语，由句意“门口一定有人，我听见门铃响了”可知是动作正在进行，感官动词hear的宾语补足语有hear sb do sth和 hear sb doing sth, 前者强调完成了，而后者强调正在发生的动作。2. D 此处考查过去分词作宾语补足语，me指人，形容人时应该用excited作宾语补足语。3. C 此处考查不定式作宾语补足语，固定搭配tell sb. to do sth.。4. D 此处考查现在分词作宾语补足语，由look可知动作正在进行，see sb. doing sth.表示动作正在进行。5. B 此处考查名词作宾语补足语，call后不能接现在分词，再由句意可知是叫他们的儿子的名字，名字前不能加冠词，所以选择Jim。6. A 此处考查现在分词作宾语补足语，由句意“为什么回到了商店，我让我的朋友在那儿等”，朋友在那儿等的动作正在进行，所以用waiting。7. D 此处考查动词不定式作宾语补足语，request的宾语补足语只能用动词不定式，也可以看成固定搭配request sb to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。8. B 此处考查动词不定式和介词短语作宾语补足语，固定搭配ask sb. to do sth“叫某人做某事”，help sb with sth. “帮助某人做某事”，with his Chinese 作him的宾语补足语，to help him with his Chinese作us的宾语补足语。9. C 此处考查动词不定式作宾语补足语，固定搭配teach sb to do sth“教某人做某事”。10. A 此处考查形容词作宾语补足语，由and tidy可知，tidy 是一个形容词，and连接的两个词在形式上应该保持一致，那么此处也应该用一个形容词，clean既有动词词性，也有形容词词性。11. B此处考查副词作宾语补足语，let后不能接动词不定式，固定搭配是let sb do sth.“让某人做某事”；let sb. in/ out “让某人进来/出去”。12. B 此处考查过去分词作宾语补足语， my bike是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应该由过去分词作宾语补足语，have sth. done“让别人去做某事”。13. A 此处考查名词作宾语补足语，固定搭配give sb sth “给某人某物”；give sb a hand“给某人帮助”。14. B 此处考查不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，make后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。15. B 此处考查动词不定式作宾语补足语，would like后应该接动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语。 定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰名词、词组或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出，关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词常有三个作用：1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。1. 确定关系词确定关系词应该遵循三个步骤：1.确定先行词 2. 确定关系词 3. 确定定语从句中的人称、数和时态。（1）确定先行词 被定语从句修饰的词便是先行词，首先应判断哪一部分是先行词，先行词指人、物、时间、地点还是原因。The person who/ that is asking to see you is James. 要求见你的人是詹姆士。（the person是先行词）The book which/ that I left here just now is gone. 我刚才放在这里的书不见了。（the book是先行词）Ill forever remember the days whish/ that we spent on the seashore. 我将永远记住咱们在海滨一起度过的那些日子。（the days是先行词）（2）确定关系词确定关系词时既要考虑先行词，又要考虑关系词在从句中的作用。The person who/ that is asking to see you is James. 要求见你的人是詹姆士。（先行词the person指人，这个先行词在定语从句中作主语，因此关系词应选who 或that）The book which/ that I left here just now is gone. 我刚才放在这里的书不见了。（先行词the book指物，在定语从句中作left的宾语，因此应选择关系代词which 或that）Ill forever remember the days whish/ that we spent on the seashore. 我将永远记住咱们在海滨一起度过的那些日子。（先行词the days指时间，在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此应选择关系代词which或 that）Ill forever remember the days whish/ that we played on the seashore. 我将永远记住咱们在海滨玩耍的那些日子。（先行词the days指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，因此应选择关系副词when）（3）确定定语从句中的人称、数和时态定语从句中的人称、数应和先行词一致。其时态应根据具体的情景和意义而定，一般不受主句的限制。The person who/ that is asking to see you is James. 要求见你的人是詹姆士。（先行词是单数，因此定语从句中的谓语动词也应用单数形式，其时态应该根据定语从句的意思而定）The book which/ that I left here just now is gone. 我刚才放在这里的书不见了。（定语从句中的just now决定了定语从句中谓语动词的时态）2. 关系代词引导的定语从句（1） who指人，在从句中作主语。Do you know the man who is sitting behind Nancy? 你认识正坐在南茜后面的那个人吗？Yesterday I helped an old granny who lost her way.昨天我帮了一位迷路的老奶奶。（2）whom指人，在从句中只能作宾语，常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you looked for yesterday. 刘先生就是你昨天找的那个人。Tom is just the boy (whom) I want to visit. 汤姆正是我想去拜访的那个男孩。友情提示关系代词whom在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，也可省略。She is the woman teacher whom/who I talk with. 她就是和我说话的那个女老师。The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的朋友。（3）which指物，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Many young people love the songs which have great lyrics. (作主语) 许多年轻人喜爱有优美歌词的歌曲。This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. （作宾语） 这是我昨天买的钢笔。（4）that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。The number of the people that/who come to visit the zoo each month is over ten thousand. (作主语) 每月来参观动物园的人数超过一万。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? （作宾语）今天早晨我看见的那个人在哪儿。（5）whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中只作定语，若指物还可以和of which互换。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （指人） 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。I once lived in a house whose/ of which roof has fallen in. （指物）我曾经住在屋顶落下的房子里。3. 关系副词引导的定语从句（1） when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Without friendship, one cant be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days when I spent with my dearest friend. 没有友谊，即使他足够富有也不会快乐。至于我，我从不会忘记与我最亲近的朋友一起度过的时光。 The time when we got together finally came. 我们相聚的时光终于来临。（2）where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。I hope to visit Hawaii some day. It is a place where the weather is always warm. 我希望有一天去参观夏威夷，它是一个气候暖和的地方。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.十年前我住的那个房子被推倒了。（3）why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天不高兴的原因。友情提示关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”结构替换。The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.不清楚他拒绝邀请的原因。The year when/in which he came here was 1990. 他是1990年来这儿的。Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.我出生的那个城市发生了很大变化。（4）that 代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when，where，why和“介词+which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。His father died the year ( that/ when/ in which ) he was born. 他的父亲在他出生的那年去世了。He didnt tell me the reason that/ why/for which he was late.他没有告诉我他迟到的原因。4. that和which的用法区别（1）在下列情况下只用which 而不用that 。1）当关系代词在介词后面时，只用which不能用that。当介词放在句末时，关系代词既可用which也可用that。Whats the question about which they are talking.=Whats the question that/ which they are talking about.他们正在谈论的问题是什么？2）当先行词为that 时，关系代词用which。Whats that which you are holding in your hands.你手里拿的是什么东西？（2）在下列情况下只用that 而不用which 。1）当先行词为不定代词everything, nothing, something, anything, none, the one等词时。Im a sport fan. Im interested in everything that is about the 2008 Olympic Games. 我是体育迷。我对2008奥运会的一切都感兴趣。This book is the one (that) I am looking for. 这本书是我正找的那本。2）当先行词前有only, any, all, no, few, little, one of, just, very 等词时。The only thing (that) we could do was to wait. 我们能做的唯一事情就是等。Thats all (that) o know. 我知道的就这些。3）当先行词前有一个最高级形容词时。Jim is the cleverest boy that I have known. 吉姆是我认识的最聪明的男孩。This book is the most interesting that I have read. 这本书是我读过的最有趣的书。4）当先行词是序数词或有序数词修饰时。The first friend that I have is my mother. 我的第一位老师是我的妈妈。The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用which 和who 都不行，只用that 。The musician and his music that you just talked about is really well-known.你们正谈论的那个音乐家和他的乐曲真的很有名。LuXun and his works that you know is famous all over the world. 你知道的鲁迅和他的著作是世界著名的。6）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that 。There is boiling water in the hotel that is free. 旅馆里有免费的开水。There are many things that I have to do. 我有很多事情要做。5. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句定语从句根据与先行词的密切程度可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。（1）限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，即是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果将这种定语从句省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明确。这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号与主句分开。译成汉语时，一般先译定语从句，再译先行词。The distance that light travels in one second is 300 thousand kilometers. 光在一秒钟运行的距离为30万公里。Those who want to go please sign their names here. 想去的人在这里签名。（2）非限定性定语从句与先行 的关系比较松散，从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，也不影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号分开，译成汉语时，从句常常单独译成一句。She is going to spend the summer holidays in Wuhan, where her father works . 她将到武汉去度暑假，她的爸爸在那儿工作。I have a story book, which my brother gave it to me.我有一本故事书，它是我哥哥给我的。友情提示that不能引出非限定性定语从句。 语法强化训练( )1. This is I wanted. A. The one what B. which C. one which D. the one ( )2. Mr Smith, there is someone at the front desk would like to speak with you.A. he B. who C. which D. whom ( )3. Do you like music makes you excited? A. thatB. what C. who D. it ( )4. I work for a company sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who ( )5. -Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report?-Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet.A. which B. who C. what D. whom ( )6. -Have you been to new Sports Center is just opened in town? -No, not yet. A. where B. whoC. that D. when ( )7. The spaceship will be launched (发射) in 2008 will be called Shenzhou VII. A. who B. that C. what D. when ( )8. The girl won the match not so long ago is called GuoYue, a famous Chinese table tennis players A. whoB. which C. what D. whom ( )9. Miss Green is the only person can help you with your English. A. which B. that C. what D. whom ( )10. Nothing can bring him to sell the house.Yeah, it is the house he has spent the happiest days of his life. A. that B. which C. for that D. in which ( )11. -Is the woman walked past just now your teacher? -Yes. She teaches English. A. that, our B. who, us C. whom, us D. who, our ( )12. -Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? -Yes，she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose ( )13. -Do you know the man is running along the street? -Yes. He is our English teacher. A. who B. which C. whom D. when( )14. I still remember the day I first came to the school. A. what B. when C. who D. where( )15. The girls we are playing with are from Class Three. A. what B. which C. whoD. whom( )16.Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked ( )17.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that( )18. Im going to buy everything I need. A. who B. that C. where D. which( )19.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what( )20. Shanghai is the city I was born. A. that B. whenC. whereD. which答案与解析1. D 由is 可知其后要接一个表语，这样可以排除B 和C ，A的第一个字母大写，不能放于句中，填the one 正好是省略了关系词that。 2. B 此句的先行词是someone指人，且在从句中作主语，所以选择who。3. A 此句的先行词是music，指物所以用关系词that。4. A 此句的先行词是a company指物且在从句中作主语，用关系词which。5. A 注意此句的先行词不是famous people而是the information，the information 指物。6. C 此句的先行词是new Sports Center指地点，但在句中作主语，所以用that 而不用where。7. B 此句的先行词是the spaceship指物，关系词用that。8. A 此句的先行词是the girl指人且在从句中作主语，所以关系词用who。9. B 此句的先行词是the only person，虽然是人，但含有only且作从句的主语，所以选择that。10. D此句的先行词是the house 指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，所以用in which。 11. B 第一句是定语从句，先行词是the woman且在从句中作主语，那么关系词可以用that 或who，第二个空作动词宾语其后用宾格形式的代词。12. C 此句的先行词是the girl在从句中作主语，所以选择who。13. A 此句的先行词是the man在从句中作主语，所以选择who。 14. B 此句的先行词是the day指时间，在从句中作状语，所以关系词用when。15. C 此句的先行词是the girls在句中作介词with的宾语，所以选择whom。16. A 此句的先行词是the book，由句意可知是谈论talk about，而介词后的关系词只能用which,所以排除C，而B和D后均应该跟about。17. C关系词前有介词，而介词之后只能用which。18. B此句的先行词是everything，不定代词当先行词时，关系词只能用that。19. B此句的先行词是things and persons，当先行词既指人又指物时，关系词只能用that。20. C 此句的先行词是the city指地点，且在句中作状语，所以用where。 友情提示：范文可能无法思考和涵盖全面，供参考!最好找专业人士起草或审核后使用，感谢您的下载！
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