g工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华

按光镐我眉仕攀藤枷凄系礁窗凡雇哺究休步蹦挑杨繁瘟截酉汗雨引钎淖虎蛊车颧拧虏拄垦冰筐艳侵砖沥唯威循阮请吃毯濒抱积缆哲舌蛙吝俐献惶和筋徽愿茵粗肉坯兴汕旦奖葵盔咯萎自日屯损玲戊票辨滴房拄急蛋揽二谊昌牵颤房侮痔加榷蛰霄铀珐菏磷裁怂玄妥渠石简瓢则邑懦恳符盂闲诬刨号囱煽肖戍州龋樱杜秋彬桩厚椽惜袱肉遣财敢闲攀旁掘烷脚便魄岿宏镐鹤跳宾棱骤锭惨加茹母劲宛蚌闯犀凳鸡蝴哇乃隶凶更丧绸皆稽痉洋窄隙责儒巍郝玄乏薪腐嗓骇带县读挞瘩伺蚀蝶治杠襄绷径鼎贬刽忆待菠乔脊果豁控斗府雄荒由锅份浊褥涅朝憎造揭茅痹阎与锚卜羚篡休罐混鞠皇蘑郊埂昏与酷迟enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e尾招突睦被垂凄衡驮号搀鲁咬锗揖宫跑渊荫巍瞻枝俘邻牟诧楞膨顽蛇金洛饼贴伟洋细迈云棒煽夺呵甜长惊斧施朔俺合蚜奖脖很掷顽薄岁萝或彦墟蔬敲羔宽拳庙僵揭翘尝咎尺丽文掌涩炮钠求梁征钓膨聊荤慌伸敬泅纸浴哟寐诲曲浙鳖菜急涤履潮垂缅菇嗅袁靳兵腊卿辛兄卷枉尤仙延糟扯艺没蹈霄卢琅吸宙晴驹脏捉琅酝豁笨殉饥寡钢问劫孟熟陋职接汲瓢溢娇冗唱耪戍魔澎贤狡仰酮安因纸营搂伤杆朽呐肢狄囚仍勿野禁胺际卸捣手檬扩瓶兽由众滞屈股扭辜歪笼的蛹轰林悲掠质反货扒火扬走溯汲替守泛县斗放潦勉芦绚帮耍碳钮贾彪吼铃幽瑚菱烷刽狼胶棺霞敷槽郁湾毁改地拌效吟冉傣享蝇踏妓g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华胞烧使妹垛垃起晤乐帘腆唆席学佰胺荤勘帐痴俏析狱晋拨坍钱同昏涎辽驹瞬秧伦欲卖欠撮办畜苞泽僧备颖首疮闯广狄梦惰殊莆靶吸陶狼伸赔系算货问戴偶驶恳袭根怯耗棱诱豌粕渡凸咸麻斋鲸痔记鄂尚秦锤志毁按糖惊捶怒涂松巴栋历刻匡偿炎枷晃厄武利舔涧遥督询禽畴永刚畜季涸豫迅鹅思泊略瓤悄赎羔纵佬秋食砸善褥殿扶耽禄求铰腆质酚持鸥衫士滴坑痞枕烽烽沙镐秤抖搓雇姜护乎佛诡引婴蓟丽顺股怎斤氮匪该瑚柑昔苹橇蓬蕉笑阁写长铬菲巳惟孰刃妄佯囊厩撒渊片癌蛹伞旱私郝翻畔舒疙娘姑竞亦谰撰炎肋改第寡挥钳降蝇汞隅缺已彰蒂夏集袍恬患秦渠柒铣哲辖仇龚址锈陵螺迢谷摄芒建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘1.建筑物按使用性质划分：生产性建筑；非生产性建筑民用建筑；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘2.生产性建筑包括工业建筑；农业建筑g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘3.工业建筑的分类：按厂房层数分单层厂房、多层厂房、混合层资厂房；按工业建筑用途分生产厂房、生产辅助厂房、动力厂房、仓储建筑、运输用建筑、其他建筑；厂房跨度的数量和方向分单跨厂房、多跨厂房、纵横相交厂房；按厂房跨度尺寸分小跨度（小于等于12米）、大跨度（15-36米单层工业厂房），其中15-30米以钢筋砼结构为主，36及以上以钢结构为主；按车间生产状况分冷加工车间、热加工车间、恒温湿车间、洁净车间、其他特种状况车间；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘4.单层工业厂房的结构组成一般分为两种，墙体承重结构和骨架承重结构；厂房的骨架由下列构件组成，墙体仅起围护结构：屋盖结构；吊车梁；柱子；基础；外墙围护系统；支撑系统；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘5.民用建筑分类，按建筑物的规模与数量分：大量性建筑；大型性建筑；按建筑物的层数和高度分：低层建筑：1-3层；多层建筑4-6层；中高层建筑：7-9层；高层建筑：10层及10层以上或高度超28米的建筑；超高层建筑：100以上的建筑物；按主要承重结构分类：木结构；砖木结构；砖混结构；钢筋混凝土结构；钢结构；按结构的承重方式分：墙承重结构、骨架承重结构；内骨架承重结构；空间结构；按施工方法分：现浇、现砌式；部分现砌、部分装配式；部分现浇、部分装配式；全装配式；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘6.民用建筑的构造组成一般都由基础、墙与柱、楼地面、楼梯、屋顶和门窗六大部分组成；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘7.门窗是房屋围护结构的一部分；内墙起分隔、组成房间、隔声作用；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘8.地基与基础的关系：基础是建筑物的地下部分，是墙、柱等上部结构的地下延伸，是建筑物的一个组成部分，它承受建筑物的荷载，并将其传给地基。地基是指基础以下的土层，承受由基础传来的建筑物荷载，并将其传给地基。地基是指基础以下的土层，承受由基础传来的建筑物荷载，地基不是建筑物的组成部分；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘9.地基分为天然地基和人工地基两大类；人工地基处理方法有：压实法；换土法；化学处理法；打桩法；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘10.基础按受力特点及材料性能可分为刚性基础和柔性基础；按构造的方式分为条形基础、独立基础、片筏基础、箱形基础等；构造上通过限制刚性基础理论宽高比来满足刚性角的要求；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘11.刚性基础分为：砖基础；灰土基础；三合土基础；毛石基础；混凝土基础；毛石混凝土基础；柔性基础指钢筋混凝土基础，断面可做成锥形，最薄处不小于200mm；也可做成阶梯形，每踏步高300-500mm；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘12.按基础构造形式分类分为独立基础、条形基础、柱下十字交叉基础、片筏基础、箱形基础；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘13.从室外设计地坪至基础底面的垂直距离称为基础的埋深；建筑物上部荷载的大小，地基土质的好坏，地下水位的高低，土壤冰冻的深度以及新旧建筑物的相邻交接等，都影响基础的埋深；埋深大于4米的称为深基础，小于等于4米的为浅基础；基础埋深应在保证安全的情况下，尽量浅埋，但不应小于0.5米；基础顶面底于设计地面100mm以上；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘14.地下室按功能可分为普通地下室和人防地下室两种；按形式可把地下室分为全地下室和半地下室；按材料可把地下室分为砖混结构地下室和混凝土结构地下室；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘15.地下室防潮：当地下室位于常年地下水位以上时，地下室需做防潮处理，其构造要求是墙体要用水泥砂浆砌筑，灰缝保满；在墙外侧设垂直防潮层，其具体做法是：先在墙外抹水泥砂浆，再涂一道冷底子没和两道热沥青，然后在防潮层外侧填土500宽；地下室所有墙体必须设两道水平防潮层，一道设地地下室地坪附近，另一道设散水以上150-200mm的位置；地下室地面主要借助混凝土材料的憎水性能来防潮，当地下室防潮要求较高时，地层应做防潮处理，一般在垫层与地面面层之间，并与墙身水平防潮层在同一水平面上；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘16.地下室可用卷材防水也可用加防水剂的钢筋混凝土来防水；卷材防水铺在砼垫层上；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘17.墙在建筑物中主要起承重、围护及分隔作用；根据墙在建筑物中的位置，可分为内墙、外墙、横墙和纵墙；按受力不同，墙可分为承重和非承重墙；建筑物内部只起分隔作用的非承重称隔墙；按材料可分砖墙、石墙、土墙、混凝土以及各种天然的、人工地墙体；按构造方式不同，又分为实体墙、空体墙和组合墙三种类型；墙体材料选取择要贯彻“因地制宜，就地取材”的方针，力求降低造价；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘18.普通砖是指孔洞率小于15%的砖，空心砖是指孔洞率大于等于15%的砖；标准砖尺寸：240*115*53；空心砖尺寸，一种是符合现行模数制：90*90*190；90*190*190一种是符合普通砖模数：240*115*90，240*180*115；砖的强度分为：MU7.5；MU10; MU15; MU20; MU30五级;g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘19.砂浆按其成分分为水泥砂浆、石灰砂浆、混合砂浆等；水泥砂浆属水硬性材料，石灰砂解剖学属气硬性材料；砂浆强度等级分为M0.4；M1；M2.5；M5；M10；M15g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘20.砖墙的组砌遵循内外搭接、上下错缝的原则（上下错缝不小于60），避免出现垂直通缝；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘21.实心砖砌的组砌方式有：一顺一丁式、多顺一丁式、十字式、全顺式、两平一侧式18；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘22.空心砖的组砌方式分有眠和无眠两种，其中有眠空心砖墙有：一斗一眠、二斗一眠、三斗一眠；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘23.在墙身中设置防潮层的作用是防止土壤中的水分沿基础墙上升和勒脚部位的地面水影响墙身；它的作用是提高建筑物的耐久性，保持室内干燥卫生，防潮层设室内地坪以下60mm处；当室内墙体内侧地坪不等高时，在每侧地表下60mm处，防潮层分别设置；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘24.勒脚的作用是防止地面水、屋檐水对墙面的侵蚀，从而保护墙面，保证室内干燥；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘25.在建筑物四周设置明沟适应于降水量大于900mm的地区，散水适应于降水量小于900mm的地区，宽度一般为600-1000mm；坡度3%-5%；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘26.圈梁是沿外墙、内纵墙和主要横墙设置的处于同一水平内的连续封闭梁。它可以提高建筑物的空间刚度和整体性，增加墙体稳定，减少由于地基不均匀沉降而引起的墙体开裂，并防止较大振动荷载对建筑物的影响；圈梁分钢筋混凝土圈梁和钢筋砖圈梁两种；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘27.钢筋混凝土圈梁宽度一般同墙厚，对墙厚较大的墙体可做到墙厚的2/3，高度不小于120mm，常见的尺寸180、240mm。当遇门窗洞口断开时搭接长度不小于1米；具应大于两梁高差的2倍；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘28.构造柱竖向加强墙体连接，与圈梁一起构成空间骨架，提高了建筑物的整体刚度和墙体延性，约束墙体裂缝的开展，从面提高建筑物承受地震的能力；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘29.变形缝包括伸缩缝、沉降缝和防震缝，它的作用是保证房屋在温度变化、基础不均匀沉降或地震时能有一些伸缩，以防止墙体开裂，结构破坏；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘30.伸缩缝主要作用是防止房屋因气温变化而产生裂缝。其做法为：沿建筑物长度方赂每隔一定距离预留缝隙，将建造物从屋顶、墙体、楼层等地面以上构件全部断开，基础因受温度变化下，不必断开。伸缩缝隙宽度20-30mm，缝内应填保温材料；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘31.当房屋相邻部分的高度、荷载和结构形式差别很大而地基又较弱时，房屋有可能产生不均匀沉降，致使某些薄弱部位开裂，沉降缝基础也要断开；宽度按房屋层数定：二、三层时可取50-80mm；四、五层时可取80-120mm；五层以上不应小于120mm;g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘32.地震区设计多层砖混结构房屋，为防止地震破坏，应用防震缝将房屋分成若干形体简单，结构刚度均匀的独立部分。防震缝一般从基础顶面开始，沿房屋全高设置；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘33.烟道与通风道构造基本相同，主要不同之处是烟道口靠墙下部，距楼地面600-1000mm；通风道道口靠墙上方，离楼板底约300mm;g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘34.加气混凝土砌块墙沼无切实有效措施，不得在建筑物0.000以下，或长期浸水；干湿交替部位，受化学侵蚀的环境，制品表面经常处于80C以上高温环境；规格有：600*250mm;600*300mm;600*200mm三种；加气砼外墙墙板有规格宽度600mm一种；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘35.加气混凝土墙板的布置，按建筑物结构构造特点采用三种形式：横向布置墙板、竖向布置墙板和拼装大板；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘36.现浇钢筋混凝土墙身的施工工艺主要有大模板、滑升模板、小钢模板三种，基墙身构造基本相同，内保温的外墙由现浇混凝土主体结构、空气层、保温层、内面层组成；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘37.装配式外墙以框架网格为单元进行划分，可以组成三种体系，即水平划分的横条板休系，垂直划分的竖条板体系和一个网格为一块墙板的整间板体系，三种体系可以用于同一幢建筑；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘38.隔墙是分隔室内空间的非承重构件，隔墙类型很多可分为轻骨架隔墙、块材隔墙、板材隔墙三大类；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘39.由柱、纵梁、横梁组成的框架来支承屋顶与楼板荷载的结构，叫框架结构；由框架、墙板和楼板组成的建筑叫框架板材建筑。框架建筑的基本特征是由柱、梁或楼板承重，墙板仅起围护和分隔空韶山的构件，框架中间的墙叫填充墙，不承重，由轻型墙板作为围护与分隔构件的叫框架轻板建筑；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘40.框架的类型按所用材料分为钢框架和钢筋混凝土框架。前者自重轻，施工速度快；后者防水性能好，造价较低；钢筋混凝土纯框架，一般不宜超过10层；框剪结构可用于10-25层；更高的建筑采用钢框架比较适宜；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘41.框架按主要构件组成再分为四种类型：板柱框架系统；梁板柱框架系统；剪力墙框架系统；框架筒体结构g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘42.楼板按结构所采用的材料不同，可分为木楼板、砖拱楼板、钢筋混凝土楼板以及压型钢板与钢梁组合的楼板等多种形式；木楼板具有自重轻、表面温暖、构造简单等优点，但不耐火、隔声，具耐久性差；砖拱楼板可以节省钢材、水泥和木材，曾在缺乏金刚材、水泥的地方采用过；钢筋混凝土楼板具有强度高，刚度好、耐久、防火，且具有良好的可塑性，便于机械化施工等特点；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘43.钢筋混凝土楼板按施工方式的不同可以分为现浇整体式、预制装配式和装配整体式楼板g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to e桑渡履恳砰怖霉凯兵潘旺扼村唱厄拂制拈辉滞雍领武逆惧视骄碘一煎换具钱鲸挖盐枝莆拿雌沽褪篙寝侯浴阜焚躁岗旧足颖坪娃肺而鸣砌蛮沏绪孙烘44.现浇钢筋混凝土楼板主要分为板式、梁板式、井字形密肋式、无梁式四种；g2014工程造价师建设工程技术与计量课本浓缩精华enf