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专题01 名词与冠词名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。2考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。 3考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。如：shelter n庇护，避难所vt.保护，躲避，避难； storm n. 暴风雨， 大动荡vi.&vt.横冲直撞， 猛攻； shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部vt.肩负，承担； trail n小径， 痕迹vt.追踪。一、名词的单复数1可数名词复数的规则变化可数名词复数的构成，通常是在单数形式后面加s或es，其规则如下：构成方法 例词 一般情况在词尾加s catcatsgirlgirlspagepages 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词在词尾加es busbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesbrushbrushes 但有例外：stomachstomachs 以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母y”结尾的名词变复数时，直接在词尾加s two Marysthree Henrysmonkeymonkeys holidayholidays boyboys 以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，把y变成i加es babybabiescitycitiesfactoryfactories storystories 以“辅音字母o”结尾的词，在词尾加es tomatotomatoesheroheroespotatopotatoes 但有例外：photophotos pianopianos 以“元音字母o”结尾的词在词尾加s radioradioszoozoos 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es knifekniveswifewiveshalfhalvesleafleaves但仍有例外： beliefbeliefsroofroofs handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves 【特别提醒】因为汉语中没有名词的单复数形式变化，所以英语中名词的单复数也就成了易错点。如以下两个典型错误：你有词典吗？Do you have dictionary? 他悲伤地摇了摇头。He shook head sadly. 一般情况下，英语中的可数名词在句子中出现时，要么用复数形式，要么在其前面加冠词或限定词。因此以上两句可以表达为： Do you have a dictionary? He shook his head sadly.单复数形式意义不同的名词：experience经验experiences经历manner方式 manners礼貌custom风俗 customs海关work工作 works著作，工厂wood木材 woods树林sand沙子 sands沙滩paper纸张 papers报纸，论文，试卷glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜2可数名词复数的不规则变化有些名词的复数属于不规则变化，需要考生在平时的学习中逐一记忆：childchildren, footfeet, toothteeth, phenomenonphenomena, oxoxen, mousemice, manmen, womanwomen等。3总是表示复数意义的名词集体名词people, police, cattle总是表示复数意义，不能说a people, a police, a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle。The police are searching for the stolen boy.The cattle are feeding on the grassland. 有些名词只用复数形式：trousers, congratulations, thanks, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, belongings, savings。4单复数同形的名词有些名词的复数形式同原形。这些名词有：deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, li(里), jin(斤), yuan(元), mu(亩), means(方式，方法)等。All possible means have been tried.Every possible means has been tried.【点拨】对于单复数同形的名词，一定要从题中找出关键信息(如谓语动词的单复数形式)，来确定其到底是表示单数意义还是复数意义。5合成名词的复数把主体名词变成复数，如：lookerson, editorsinchief(总编辑), fathersinlaw(岳父)。没有主体名词时，在词尾加s，如：grownups(成年人), gobetweens(中间人)。二、名词间的相互转化1物质名词转化为可数名词物质名词一般为不可数名词，但有些物质名词可以转化为可数名词。(1)当物质名词转化为个体名词时，是可数的。如：The bridge is made of stone.(不可数)The bridge is made of 20,000 stones.(可数)(2)当物质名词表示份数时，是可数的。如：Tea is very good for our health.Two teas, please.请来两杯茶。2抽象名词具体化抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但在下列情况下可转化为可数名词：(1)表示具体的人或事。请比较：Failure is the mother of success.(success表示抽象概念)The meeting was a great success.(success表示具体的事情) (2)表示“一种”、“一场”、“一阵”、“(动作)一次”等。请比较：We had plenty of rain last years. 去年我们这个地区雨量丰沛。(rain指“雨水”，不可数)What a heavy rain！多么大的一场雨啊！ 【易错警示】在特定的语境中，有些不可数名词也可以转化为可数名词，这就需要考生区别对待。三、名词作定语名词作定语，即用一个名词修饰另外一个名词，主要用来说明被修饰名词的：1物质构成，如：steel bridge, paper money；2用途，如：coffee cup, fire escape；3时间，如：evening paper；4地点，如：city life, country life, country music；5种类，如：office work；6内容，如：body language, film industry。【特别提醒】名词作定语，第一个名词一般用单数，但也有例外，如：sports shoes运动鞋students reading room学生阅览室 四、名词所有格 英语名词所有格有两种：s所有格和of所有格。1s所有格的构成(1)通常在单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词的词尾加s，如：Jacks books, Childrens Day, the boys bag, mens room, Toms dog, Joness father, my brothers books, sheeps skin。(2)以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加，如：the students books。(3)作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加s，如：an hour and a halfs walk(步行一个半小时的路程)；a month or twos absence(一两个月的缺席)。(4)以and连接的两个名词，表示共同所有时，在最后一个词的词尾加s，如：Kate and Marys father (Kate和Mary是姐妹俩)；表示分别所有时，在每个名词后分别加s，如：Kates father and Marys father (Kate和Mary不是姐妹俩)。【特别提醒】不定代词后接else时，其所有格放在else之后。如：somebody elses bag, somebody elses books。2s所有格的用法(1)常表示有生命的东西。如：Toms birthday, the dogs owner。(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如：时间：a days work(一天的工作)，todays newspaper；距离：twenty minutes ride, five minutes walk, a miles distance；天体：the suns heat, the moons surface；度量衡与货币价值：ten dollars worth, twenty pounds weight；国家、城市等：Chinas industry, the citys development, the governments plan, Chinas development。(3)表示某人的家或店铺。如：at the doctors在诊所，the tailors裁缝铺，the barbers理发店，at my uncles在我叔叔家。3of所有格的构成the所有物of(this, that，. the, my/their.)无生命之物。4of所有格的用法of所有格主要用于无生命的事物，也可以用于有生命的事物。如：the window of the house; a map of Japan; the name of the girl standing at the gate。Does anyone know the title of the novel?They have the support of people of the developing countries.5双重所有格(1)双重所有格的构成：双重所有格即“ofs结构”。(2)双重所有格的用法：表示整体中的一个或部分，用于修饰of前面的名词。如：a friend of my brothers; this book of the professors; this lovely baby of my aunts。Do you know any friend of my husbands?【特别提醒】双重所有格还可以表示赞赏、厌恶等感情色彩，如：1That car of Peters is very nice. 彼得的车确实很好。(表示赞赏)2The dog of Toms is very fierce. 汤姆的那条狗非常凶。(表示厌恶、不满)五、具体语境中名词的选择具体语境中名词的选择是高考考查的重点之一。解题的关键是利用好关键信息，分析语境，使填入的名词符合语境要求。探究知己知彼，才能百战不殆。要解决好这类问题，必须明确命题思路。高考考查的角度有以下几种：纯语境类：给出语境，让考生判断符合题意的名词。具体语境中名词词义的辨析。利用一词多义来设置题目。具体语境中的词组搭配。六、冠词的泛指与特指冠词的泛指和特指是冠词学习的难点之一，也是高考考查的焦点所在。解题时考生要结合语境分析究竟设空处是表示“泛指”还是表示“特指”：1表泛指(指一类人或事物中的任何一个，而不具体指哪一个)，用不定冠词；2表特指(特指某人、某事、某物，指上文中提到的或正在谈论的人或物，或者是谈话双方都知道的人或事物)，用定冠词。请比较：I have a computer. The computer is a great help to my studies.(a computer属于泛指，the computer属于特指，指的是上文提到的事物)He is a doctor.(a doctor属于泛指，指的是医生中的一个)A nurse is a person who takes care of the sick.(尽管person后有一个限制性定语从句，但结合句义可知，此处是说明护士属于哪一类人，属于类指，因此用不定冠词)【易错警示】有些考生一见到名词有定语修饰，就认为是特指，这是错误的。其实，有时候，名词前有修饰语时，表示“一个什么样的人或事物”，即表示这个人或事物属于哪一类，是类指，而不是特指。如：Our teacher is a warmhearted man.He is a person who is ready to help others.解题时一定要结合语境，切莫一刀切。七、比较级和最高级前冠词的选择“a/an比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比更的一个”，属于泛指；“the比较级”表示“两者中较的一个”。“the最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最的一个”；“a most形容词”表示“很，非常”。请比较：This one is too small. Can you show me a larger one?Tom is the older of the two boys.Part One is a most difficult part but not the most difficult. 第一部分是非常难的一部分，但不是最难的。【特别警示】只有相比较的人或事物为两个时，才能用“the比较级”。【易错辨析】“a most形容词”不含比较概念，most相当于very；而“the most形容词”表示“最”，句中必须有比较的范围。八、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的使用表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun, sky, moon, world等前面一般用定冠词，但其前有描绘性的修饰语时，用不定冠词。请比较：As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.What a bright moon!九、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用1物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词，表示泛指时前面一般不用冠词；但物质名词表示特指时，用定冠词。请比较：Man will die without water.(water表示泛指)The water in this well is not fit to drink.(“The water”特指这口井里的水)I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?(第一个music表泛指的“音乐”，不用冠词。第二个music指这部电影中的音乐，表示特指，要用定冠词the)The door is made of wood.(wood表示泛指)The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。(wood表示特指)2抽象名词属于不可数名词，前面一般不用冠词；但用来表示具体的人或事时，其前用不定冠词。The little boy looked at me in surprise.(surprise在本句中是抽象名词)What a pleasant surprise to see you here！(抽象名词具体化，a surprise指一件令人惊奇的事情)【易错探究】物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用是考生容易出错的地方。有些考生已经形成了一种定式思维：物质名词和抽象名词前是不加冠词的。因此一见到物质名词和抽象名词，一概不加冠词。其实，这是不能一概而论的。正确的方法是：结合语境判断名词是泛指还是特指，泛指不加冠词，特指时须加定冠词。某些物质名词，如rain, snow, fog, wind, tea, coffee等，其前有形容词修饰时，形容词前应加不定冠词。如：What a heavy rain!Longjing is a famous Chinese green tea.抽象名词表示抽象意义，不用冠词；表示具体事物，用不定冠词。十、专有名词以及表示季节、星期、三餐的名词前冠词的使用1专有名词前一般不加冠词，但是以下情况需要用冠词：(1)由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。请比较：China, Smith, Bob(不用冠词)the Great Wall长城the United States美国(2)表示“一个名叫的人”时，用不定冠词。A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside.有位史密斯先生在外面等你。(这里的a表示“某一”)2表示季节、星期的名词前一般不加冠词，如：in summer, on Monday，但是以下情况应用冠词：(1)表示季节的名词前有描绘性的形容词时，应加不定冠词；有限制性的定语时(即表示某一年的某个季节时)，应加定冠词。He joined the army in the spring of 1987.We had a very hot summer last year.I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.(2)表示“某一个星期几”时，用不定冠词。I happened to meet my classmate Jack on a Wednesday.3表示一日三餐的名词前一般不加冠词，但其前面有描绘性的修饰语时，应加不定冠词。请比较：Have you had supper?Yes. We had a wonderful supper.【特别提醒】专有名词以及表示季节、星期、三餐的名词前冠词的使用是近几年高考对冠词考查的焦点之一。考查的角度主要针对考生的定式思维一碰到这类词就认为不应该加冠词。在具体运用中，考生应该打破定式思维，具体情况具体分析。在一些短语中，用与不用冠词意义差别很大：in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在 (内部的)前面at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能【知识拓展】常见不用冠词的表达：go by train乘火车去at noon在中午at night在晚上in town在城里in surprise惊奇地at work在工作十一、序数词前冠词的使用表示顺序“第几”时用“the序数词”；表示“又一，再一”时用“不定冠词序数词”。We have finished the first lesson, and now we will learn the second lesson. 我们已经学完了第一课，现在我们学习第二课。 I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已经有三本书了，我想再买一本。例7.Johnson had made up his mind to give it up, but on _ second thought he determined to try _ third time.A. /; a B. the; / C. a; a D. the; a 【解析】A。考查冠词。第一空on second thought是固定短语，意为“三思，再三考虑”；第二空序数词前用不定冠词表示“再一，又一”。句意：约翰逊已经下定决心放弃了，但是思虑再三后，他决定再试一次。考点一、考查名词 例1【2016江苏】Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full, definitely.A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt【答案】A【考点】考查名词辨析【变式探究】【2016浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your _.A. condition B. income C. credit D. status【答案】C【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。【考点】考查名词辨析。考点二、考查冠词例2【2016浙江】2._prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词。【变式探究】 (2015新课标，42改编)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even_most modern of architects and engineers. 【答案】the句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师欣赏。根据后面的most modern可知应为“最现代化的”，最高级前要用定冠词the。1（2017全国2）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. z&xxk It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.【答案】【1】crowds【2】from【3】laying【4】the【5】were used【6】fairly【7】it【8】managed【9】introduction【10】successful【解析】【1】考查名词，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds.【2】考查介词，to and from来回，故填from.【3】考查动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying.【6】考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.【7】考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.【8】考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed.【小题9】考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.【小题10】考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.1(2016新课标，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top _(attract)【答案】attraction【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。2(2016新课标，69)The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed.【答案】days3(2016新课标，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve)【答案】achievement【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。4(2016新课标，46)Recent _(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly【答案】studies【解析】句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。5(2016新课标，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the _ (develop)of chopsticks.【答案】development【解析】句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的the可知，所填词应用名词形式。6(2016四川，65)Any smell might attract natural _(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.【答案】enemies【解析】句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。7(2016浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late _(pay)may affect your credit.【答案】payments【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。8(2016浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _ _(different)unite，rather than divide us.【答案】differences【解析】句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。9(2016新课标，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_ other is with mumshe never suspects.【答案】the10(2016新课标，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.【答案】a【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。11(2016浙江，2)_prize for the winner of the competition is _ twoweek holiday in Paris.【答案】The；a【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个为期两周的在巴黎度假的机会。第一空特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词the；第二空泛指“一个为期两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。【2015湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。【2015安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ and then let me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protectionD. authority【答案】A【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。【2015江苏】35.Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets【答案】C【解析】句意：Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。【2015江苏】32.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B【2015福建】24.The failure was a big_to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A. blowB. issueC. excuseD. Factor【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A【2015浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive【答案】B【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。【2015四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.A. a B. an C. the D.不填【答案】A【解析】本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像那样的人。故选择A，句意为：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。【2015浙江】2. Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the【答案】D【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。1.（2014湖北卷）22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.A. command B. comparisonC. compliment D. contribution 【答案】C2.（2014江苏卷）27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last years election.A. symbolB. portraitC. identityD. statue【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是名词的词义辨析。A象征；标志；符号；记号；代表人物；B肖像；identity身份；statue雕像，塑像；句意：虽然两年前就已遭软禁，她在去年的选举中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。 3.（2014天津卷）3.Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.A. source B. sense C. result D. root【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是名词词义辨析。Source根源，来源，源头；sense感觉，知觉；result结果；root根，根源；原因，本质；祖先；句义：风力是现在世界上增长速度最快的电力来源。根据句义可知souce of power指电力来源。故A正确。 4.（2014浙江卷 ）6. We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises【答案】B【解析】名词attempt尝试；企图；request请求；doubt怀疑；promise诺言；我们更喜欢同意那些我们了解和喜欢的人的请求。根据句意说明B项request与上下文语境相符。故B正确。5.（2014江西卷）22. They chose Tom to be _captain of the team because they knew he was _smart leader.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 【答案】C 6.（2014天津卷）8. Life the like _ ocean; Only _strong-willed can reach the other shore.A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a【答案】A【解析】本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰ocean泛指一个海洋。第二空后的strong-will是一个形容词，在形容词前面加上定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。The strong-willed指意志坚定的人。句义：生活就像是一个海洋，只有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。故A正确。7.（2014浙江卷 ）2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into_night. A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the【答案】A【解析】本句第一空中的a相当于per；per week每一个星期。第二空使用定冠词the，表示特指long into the night直到深夜。句意：这份论文应该下个月上交，我一个星期要工作七天，而且总是要熬到深夜。故A正确。1.（2013浙江）4.As the worlds population continues to grow, the _of food becomes more and more of a concern.A.worth B. supply C. package D. list【答案】B【解析】句意：由于世界人口的不断增长，粮食的供应越来越成为大家关注的焦点。A 价值，B供应，供给 C包裹，包装 名单，条目2.（2013浙江）2.Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.A.pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽以前是个临时的秘书在这里工作，但最终成为这个公司的正式人员。根据full-time 可知应选B。A 悲观的 B 临时的，暂时的 C 以前的 D小心谨慎的3.（2013福建卷)22._ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. KnownB. Having known C. KnowingD. Being known 【答案】C【解析】考查动名词做主语：分析句子成分，可知谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以让你尽快的回应紧急状况。所以选C。4.（2013湖北卷)21. Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege【答案】A【解析】句意：透视城市青年的诗倾向于揭示他们的焦虑在于缺乏归属感。perspective“透视”； priority“ 优先，优先权”； participation“参加，参与”； privilege“特权，优惠”。5.（2013辽宁卷)23.The accident caused some _ to my car,but it s nothing serious.A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage【答案】D.【解析】句意:事故给我的小汽车带来一些毁坏，但不严重。do harm to给带来伤害；injury损失；ruin毁灭；do damage to给带来毁坏。根据词义和搭配选择答案。6.（2013新课标I卷）31. India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle. A. 不填; a B. the; a C. an; 不填 D. an; the 【答案】A 7.（2013新课标卷)13. Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.A.a;a B. the; the C.不填；the D.a;不填【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。four and a half hours四个半小时，是固定短语；排除B、C；take sb sth带给某人某物，take后加双宾语，break休息，是可数的，故用a break。故选A。8.（2013新课标卷)9. It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one【答案】B【解析】考查比较级的用法。不定冠词+比较级，表示泛指，意为“一个更（好）.的.”。句意“它或许不是一个很好的建议。但是在一个更好的被提出来之前，我们不得不将就一下。”故选B。9.（2013浙江）15.People develop_ preference for a particular style of learning at_ early age and these preferences affect learning. A.a; an B. a;不填 C.不填;the D. the ;an 【答案】A10.（2013大纲卷）33. Four and
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