人教版新目标初中英语语法分类归纳资料

人教版新目标初中英语语法分类归纳人教版新目标初中英语语法分类归纳(一)形容词和副词I.要点A.形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容词比较等级的形式(1)规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;-est来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant(2)不规则形式good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least形容词比较等级的用法表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than.如：Heisclevererthantheotherboys.Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.表示两者以上的比较，用the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)如Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.表示两者是同等程度，用as+形容词原级+as”.如：HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.越越例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam. Youcanneverbetoocareful越/、心越好又如：Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我担心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。 MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B.副词1、副词的种类(1)时间副词如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等(2)地点副词如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside亨。(3)方式副词如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。(4)程度副词如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,veryo2、副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.3、某些副词在用法上的区别(1) already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：Wevealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.(2) too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和aswell多用于口语，一般放在旬末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在旬末。如：Hewenttheretoo.Hedidntgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3) hard,hardlyhardly意为几乎与hard在词义上完全不同。如：Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4) late,latelylately意为最近、近来,late意为晚、迟。如：Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?例1TomsfatherthinksheisalreadyAhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选Bo例2theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析：该题正确答案为B。the+形容词比较级+，the+形容词比较级+”意为越，越。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例3IhaventbeentoLondonyet.Ihaventbeheere.AtooBalsoCeitherDneither解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定”两者都不，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为也。例4MrSmithwasmovedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析：该题正确答案为BoA.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如digdeep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeplymoved另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。中考英语语法难点大全之二：介词（二）介词I.要点1、介词和种类(1)简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(2)复合介词，如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,instead。等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1)和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitt#.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如：Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介词的意义与用法举例(1) at,on,in俵时间)表示时间点用at,如atfouroclock,atmidtrlg；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberls等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。(2) between,among|fe位置)between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between,如ImsittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:Heisthebestamongthestudents.(3) beside,besidesbeside意为在旁边，而besides意为除之外。如：Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(4)inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人在树上，而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上(5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指挡道bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法(6)inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外(7)inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨(8)bybus,onthebusbybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II.例题例1DoyouknowanyotherforeignlanguageEnglish?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析：A、B两项except等于but,意为除了，C-beside意为在旁边”,不符合题意。而D-besides,意为”除了之外，还有。所以该题正确答案为Do该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例2Hesuddenlyreturnedarainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析：我们均知道，atnight这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为Ao例3Imlookingforwardyourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析：该题正确答案为Aolookforwardto为固定搭配，意为”期望、盼望”。中考英语语法难点大全之三：连词(三)连词I.要点1、连词的种类(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and,for,or,bothand,eitheror,neither等(nor(2)从属连词用来引导从句，如that,if,whether,when,after,assoona等。除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。2、常用连词举例(1)and和,并且Theydrankandsangallnight.(2) bothand,既也BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3) but但是，而Imsad,butheishappy.(4) either或r.或一,要么一要么一Eitheryourewrong,orIam.(5) for因为Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6) however然而，可是Affirst,hedidntwanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7) neitherBoP也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8) notonlybut(also|而且Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.or或者，否则Hurryup,oryoullbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10) so因此，所以Itsgettinglate,soImustgo.(11) although虽然Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12) assoonas就IlltellhimassoonasIseen.(13) because因为Hedidntgotoschool,becausehewasill.(14)unless除非,如果不Iwontgounlessitisfinetomorrow.(15)until直到Hedidntleaveuntileleve瞬间动词用于notuntil结构)Hestayedthereuntileleven.(16)while当一时候，而(表示对比)WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬间动词)Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.(17)for因为Hewasill,forhedidn结come隹断出来的)(18)since自从Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.(19)hardlywhen就Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.(20)asfaras就来说AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.。直走至U湖刃B里）II.例题例1Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。和一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B。例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile解析：该处意为然而，只有while有此意思，故选Do例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise解析：该处意为或者，正确答案为Co中考英语语法难点大全之四：动词时态和语态(四)动词时态、语态I.要点1、一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、现在进行时(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now,atpresen侍时间状语连用。如：Whatareyoudoingnow?(2)和always,continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just,already,sofar,once,neve等词连用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用。如：Illmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.WeregoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentag翁词连用。如：Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.8、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidnt.9、被动语态被动语态的时态，以give为例。时/式一般进行完成现在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave过去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill过去将来shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII.例题例1Ilearnedthatherfatherin1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead解析：该题正确答案为Bo从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950,所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。例2Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.AislookedBhaslookedforCisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked解析：该题正确答案为Co在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。中考英语语法难点大全之五：动词虚拟语气（五）动词虚拟语气I.要点表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。1、虚拟语气的构成注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去，但要倒装。如：Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是“should(可省)+动词原形”，常用于以下三种句型中。句型：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that句型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that-如：Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是”(should)+动词原形。如：Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea。从何谓语形式是”(should)+动词原形。如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是(should)+动词原形。如：Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.(5)在Itistimethat句型中，其谓语动词形式是动词的过去式或should+动词原形,should不可省。如：Itstime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.II.例题例1Wehadhopedthathelonger.AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay解析：该题正确答案为Dohadhope昧示本希望”，同样用法的动词还有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气例2Marywantstoseeyoutoday.Iwouldrathershetomorrowthantoday.AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome解析：该题正确答案为Bowouldrather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表不。例3Hadshebeenolder,sheitbetter.AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwoulddo解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenol曲该题正确答案为B。(六)短语动词I.要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：(1)动词+介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Dontlaughatothers.Ididntcareaboutit.(2)动词+副词常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：Youllhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedontforgettohanditin.(3)动词+副词+介词常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)动词+名词+介词常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)动词+形容词常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutope解。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)动词+名词常见的有takeplace,makefriend野。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.辨析giveaway（让给，暴露）和giveup（放弃，停止）putaway做起，收起）和putout（扑灭）turnup（出席,放大）和turnon（打开）keepout（止）和keepoff（不让靠近）makeup编造，补上）和makeout辨认）takeoff（脱,起飞）和takeout（拿出）II.例题例1Itiswisetohavesomemoneyforoldage.AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup解析：该题正确答案为Ao意为存；keepup意为继续；giveaway意为分发；layup贮藏。例2Heresmycard.Letskeepin.AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship解析：该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词，意为“保持联系。例3!Theresatraincoming.ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon解析：该题选A.lookout意为小心。中考英语语法难点大全之七：动词不定式（七）动词不定式I.要点1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。式|语态主动语态被动语态一般式towritetobewritten完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten进行式tobewriting完成进行式tohavebeenwriting2、不定式的句法功能(1)作主语Tohearfromyouisnice.Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：Itsnicetohearfromyou.Itsnoteasytobeagoodteacher.(2)作宾语通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,hel徘词后。如：Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.(3)作表语Myjobistopickupletters.Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.(4)作定语不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：Ihavetwoletterstowrite.Ihavealotofworktodo.作宾补通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,forc殍词后。如：Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder.(6)作状语Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.(7)作独立成分Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.(8)”疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Idontknowhowtochoosethem.Icannotdecidewheretogo.(9)不定式的否定式。如：Idecidednottogo.(10)不定式的完成式。如：HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek.(11)tooto构。如：Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep.Hewasonlytoogladtogo.他太高兴了,乐意去)(12)主动表被动。如：Thebookiseasytoread.Ihaveabooktoread.II.例题例1Ihaventgotachair.AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting解析：该题选Co不定式tositon在句中作定语，修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词问是“动宾关系，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略例2Hewasmade.AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo解析：该题选Domakesb.dosth.如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。例3Anewfactoryisverysoon.AtobebuiltBbuiltCtobuildDtobuilding解析：该题选Aoistobebuilt意为将要被建