lesson5I27dratherbeblackthanfemale

Lesson 5 Id Rather Be Black than Female 做黑人胜过做女人Shirley Chisholm 雪莉 齐泽姆 （1924-2005） Shirley Chisholm is best known as the first black woman elected to United States Congress and the first black woman to run for president of the United States. Shirley Chisholm spoke strongly for the poor and for women. She worked for civil rights for African Americans.Congress 美国国会（Congress，United States）行使立法权（legislative authority）。议案（bill）一般经过提出、委员会审议、全院大会审议等程序。一院通过后，送交另一院，依次经过同样的程序。法案经两院通过后交总统签署；若总统不否决，或虽否决但经两院2/3议员重新通过，即正式成为法律。 国会两院在各自议长(speaker)主持下工作。众议院议长由全院大会选举产生，副总统是参议院的当任议长。两院都设有许多委员会，还设有由两院议员共同组成的联席委员会，国会工作大多在各委员会中进行。 美国国会的主要和最明显的任务是立法，制定影响每一个美国人的法律，立法经常需要在一些有争议的问题上作出决定，例如医疗保险改革、战争、贸易汇率等，法案经过一系列的审议程序后才能成为法律。 地 位 美国最高立法机关 权 力 立法权 所在地 华盛顿特区国会大厦 组 成 参议院和众议院 House of RepresentativesThe senateUnited States Congress435 memberseach member serves a two-year term.100 memberseach member serves a six-year term. 美国最高立法机关，由参议院和众议院组成。 参议员由各州选民直接选出 ，每州 2 名 ，实行各州代表权平等原则。现有议员100名。当选参议员必须年满 30岁，作为美国公民已满9年 ，当选时为选出州的居民 。任期6年，每 2年改选13 ，连选得连任 。 众议员数按各州人口比例分配 ，由直接选举产生，每州至少1名 ，人数固定为435名 ，必须年满25岁，作为美国公民已满7年，当选时为选出州的居民 。任期 2年，连选得连任。两院议员长期连任现象极为普遍。议员不得兼任其他政府职务。 Structure of the text Part I: Being female is a greater handicap than being black. (par.1) A. Sexual prejudice is invisible to people. (par.2) B. Its much harder to eliminate sexual prejudice than racial prejudice. (par.3-4) * Why does the author say it is a still harder and longer struggle to eliminate prejudice against women? Part II: Sexual prejudice in politics (my experience) A. My experience in politics in general (par.5) B. Women in politics in general (par.6) C. My experience in politics in specific 1. Run for state legislature (par.7) 2. Run for national legislature a. Resistance from inside (par. 8) b. Resistance from outside (par. 9) *In what way are women prejudiced against in politics? Part III: Sexual Prejudice in general A. Women are thought of as different and inferior. (par. 10) B. Women have not reached tokenism. (par.11) C. An emphatic Question (par. 12) *In what way are women prejudiced against in general? Part IV: Womens contribution is needed in politics. A. People ignore womens contribution. 1. What I heard (par. 13) 2. What I experienced (par. 15) B. Women have a lot to do in politics. (par.15) C. Women have a special contribution to make in politics. (Conclusion) (par. 16-17) * What are some of the problems the author is determined to help to solve? * What fine qualities do women have that men dont have? Text Part I: Being female is a greater handicap than being black. (par.1) A. Sexual prejudice is invisible to people. (par.2) B. Its much harder to eliminate sexual prejudice than racial prejudice. (par.3-4) * Why does the author say it is a still harder and longer struggle to eliminate prejudice against women? Because part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were. Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon. There are nine other blacks in Congress; there are ten other women. I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once . Of the two handicaps, being black is much less of a drawback than being female. If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman, probably no one would question me . Why? Because “we all know” there is prejudice against black people in America. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men - and, I am afraid, most women - as bizarre. phenomenon fnmnn N-COUNT phenomena (pl.)historical phenomenon social phenomenon Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. a remarkable person 非凡的人贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。handicap N-COUNT （1） mental/physical disabilityHe lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap. (2)disadvantage 障碍 不利条件 drawback shortcoming fault obstacle flaw prejudice predds N. an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things racial prejudice sexual/gender prejudice 有些公司对女性有偏见。 Some companies hold prejudice against women. strike sb. as + adj. Rizhao strikes me as clean.Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. When blacks finally started to “mention” it, with sit-ins, boycotts, and freedom rides, Americans were incredulous. “Who, us?” they asked in injured tones. “Were prejudiced?” It was the start of a long, painful reeducation for white America. It will take years for whites - including those who think of themselves as liberals - to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have. How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women? I am sure it will be a longer struggle. Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second - class citizens than blacks ever were. invisiblenvzbl adj. visible not being able to be seen 看不见的;隐形的 sth./ sb. be invisible to sb./ sth. 许多星星是肉眼看不见的。 Many stars are invisible to the naked eye. 我的不满对他来说就是隐形的。 My dissatisfaction is invisible to him. sit-ins, boycotts, and freedom ridesincredulous nkredjuls adj. not willing to believe; unbelieving I am wholly incredulous of the truth of his story. 我根本不相信他说的是真话。 My uncle remained _ of stories about flying saucers. A. incredible B. incredulous prejudiced adj. sb. be prejudiced against sb. : someone has an unreasonable dislike of them 有些公司对女性有偏见。 Some companies are prejudiced against women. eliminatelmnet vt. 根除工作中的歧视 to eliminate discrimination in employment elinimation eliminable The government is trying to _ the people into thinking that a war is necessary. A. inspire B. poison C. adopt D. brainwash Part II: Sexual prejudice in politics (my experience) A. My experience in politics in general (par.5) B. Women in politics in general (par.6) C. My experience in politics in specific 1. Run for state Assembly (par.7) 2. Run for Congress a. Resistance from inside (par. 8) b. Resistance from outside (par. 9) *In what way are women prejudiced against in politics? Women do most of the tedious work; while men reap the rewards. Let me explain. I have been active in politics for more than twenty years. For all but the last six years, I have done the work - all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on Election Day - while men reaped the rewards, which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics. It is still women-about three million volunteers - who do most of this work in the American political world. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing. In such a job, she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions, where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes. tedious adj. boring dull sth. make the difference ：sth. affects you and helps you in what you are doing make the ( a lot of )difference to sth. Exercise makes all the difference to your health. reap reap the rewards/ benefits of sth. lot fate destiny When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from Brooklyns Bedford-Stuyvesant, the resistance was bitter. From the start of that campaign, I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex. But it was four years later, when I ran for Congress, that the question of my sex became a major issue. Among members of my own party, closed meetings were held to discuss ways of stopping me. break out of get away from 摆脱无目标的生活 break out of aimless way of life bitter adj. fierce 激烈的战斗 bitter fighting undisguised ndsgazd adj. straightforward If you describe someones feelings as undisguised, you mean that they show them openly and do not make any attempt to hide them. 不加掩饰的；公开的；坦率的 hostility hstlt n. hostile unfriendly or aggressive behaviour towards people or ideas敌意 There is open hostility between the two leaders. 两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。 My opponent, the famous civil-rights leader James Farmer, tried to project a black, masculine image; he toured the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts, dashikis, and beards. While the television crews ignored me, they were not aware of a very important statistic, which both I and my campaign manager, Wesley MacD. Holder, knew. In my district there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote. And those women are organized - in PTAs, church societies, card clubs, and other social and service groups. I went to them and asked their help. Mr. Farmer still doesnt quite know what hit him. project a +adj. image: present a +adj. image 呈现。形象 tour a place make a tour of a certain place 在。地区做巡回活动 这名歌手2年内在全国做了巡回演出。 The singer toured the country in two years. Part III: Sexual Prejudice in general A. Women are thought of as different and inferior. (par. 10) B. Women have not reached tokenism. (par.11) C. An emphatic Question (par. 12) *In what way are women prejudiced against in general? When a bright young woman graduate starts looking for a job, why is the first question always; “Can you type?” A history of prejudice lies behind that question. Why are women thought of as secretaries, not administrators? Librarians and teachers, but not doctors and lawyers? Because they are thought of as different and inferior. The happy homemaker and the contented darky are both stereotypes produced by prejudice. Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching. No women sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held Cabinet rank, and none do at present. Only two women hold ambassadorial rank. But women predominate in the lower-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs, and when they do reach better positions, they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job. If that is not prejudice, what would you call it? contented satisfied stereotype stertap n. a fixed general image the stereotype of Chinese： the stereotype of American： Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching. Supreme Court 美国最高法院 The president appoint nine people to be Supreme Court judges. They hold office for life. Hillary Clliton, United States Secretary of State predominate prdmnet be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance （在数量上）占优势，占大多数 Red and white predominate in these flowers. 这些花中大部分是红色和白色的。 A small group has begun to predominate in policy - making. 一小撮人在制定政策中已开始起主导作用。 menial Menial work is very boring, and the people who do it have a low status and are usually badly paid. humble，lowly menial jobs unrewarding un+rewarding not rewarding; not providing personal satisfaction 没有成就感的；无回报的 The work can feel unrewarding and thankless. 这个工作吃力不讨好。 dead-end adj. lacking opportunities for development or advancement 无出路的 Part IV: Womens contribution is needed in politics. A. People ignore womens contribution. 1. What I heard (par. 13) 2. What I experienced (par. 15) B. Women have a lot to do in politics. (par.15) C. Women have a special contribution to make in politics. (Conclusion) (par. 16-17) * What are some of the problems the author is determined to help to solve? * What fine qualities do women have that men dont have? 1. She is determined to help solve the problems of children, of military spending, of racial prejudice, of laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices. 2. They are of empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence. These are the qualities women naturally have. A few years ago, I was talking with a political leader about a promising young woman as a candidate. “Why invest time and effort to build the girl up?” he asked me. “You know shell only drop out of the game to have a couple of kids just about the time were ready to run her for mayor.” Plenty of people have said similar things about me. Plenty of others have advised me, every time, I tried to take another upward step , that I should go back to teaching, a womans vocation and leave politics to the men. I love teaching, and I am ready to go back to it as soon as I am convinced that this country no longer needs a womens contribution. promising adj. prms showing possibility of achievement or excellence a promising student/ company promise n. If someone or something shows promise, they seem likely to be very good or successful. （非常好的或成功的）希望，迹象，指望 Life seemed to have no promise. candidate knddt 候选人;求职者 a politician who is running for public office He is a candidate for the office of Governor. 他是州长候选人之一。 When there are no children going to bed hungry in this rich nation, I may be ready to go back to teaching. When there is a good school for every child, I may be ready. When we do not spend our wealth on hardware to murder people, when we no longer tolerate prejudice against minorities, and when the laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices are enforced instead of evaded, then there may be nothing more for me to do in politics. But until that happens - and we all know it will not be this year or next - what we need is more women in politics, because we have a very special contribution to make. I hope that the example of my success will convince other women to get into politics - and not just to stuff envelopes, but to run for office. hardware h:dwe(r) major items of military weapon as tanks or missile enforce nf:s vt. enforcement n. ensure observance of laws and rules强制执行（法律、规定等） The police enforce the law. 警察执法。 It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence to government - the qualities we naturally have or have had to develop because of our suppression by men. The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. At present, our country needs womens idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else. empathy empi n. empathetic a. understanding and entering into anothers feelings N-UNCOUNT 同感;共鸣 The nurse should try to develop empathy between herself and the patient. 护士应当努力与病人建立共鸣。 insight nsat n. insightful adj. If you gain insight or an insight into a complex situation or problem, you gain an accurate and deep understanding of it. 洞察力 She is a woman of great insight. 她是一个有见解、有洞察力的女人. persistence psstns n. persistent adj. perseverance n. persistent determination Success comes only with practice, patience and persistence. suppression spren n. forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority 压制 抑制 suppress vt. (1)If someone in authority suppresses an activity, they prevent it from continuing, by using force or making it illegal. 镇压;制止;压制 (2)抑制，控制，克制(感情或反应);忍住 If you suppress your feelings or reactions, you do not express them, even though you might want to. moldmld vt. shape or influence; give direction to 塑造 Parents help to mold a childs character. He owed his victory to endurance and _. A. instance B. existence C. subsistence D. perseverance