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Unit 1 Putting in a Good Word for Guilt2. Vocabulary: (1) An increasing number of childrens books attempt to portray life as it is for members of disadvantaged and minority groups. This year saw the publication of a rich assortment of realistic fictions for children aged 8-12 and older.assortment n. A collection of various kinds; a variety多种多样;一批品种多样的收藏；多种多样(2) People with narcissistic personality disorder have a great sense of self-importance. They seek excessive admiration from others and fantasize about unlimited success or power.narcissistic adj.自恋的,自我陶醉的narcissist n.自我陶醉者narcissistically adv. (3) Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as s a prime market, with the result that Hollywood filmmakers obsessively catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare.obsessively adv.强迫性地, 着迷似地obsessive adj.1 Of, relating to, characteristic of, or causing an obsession着迷,与着迷有关的或具有着迷特征的obsessive gambling着迷于赌博2 Excessive in degree or nature急迫的,在程度或性质上过分的an obsessive need to win急迫的想赢的欲望obsessiveness n.（名词）obsess vt.(魔鬼、妄想等)缠住; 迷住常用被动结构使窘困; 使烦扰be obsessed by with 被.附上缠住, 迷住心窍obsessor n.使人烦扰的人或事 (4) Robinson found many savages on this island. They were seen warring, slaying and eating each other, and sacrificing one another by thousands to their gods.slaying = slay v.tr.（及物动词）动词各种形态：slew,slain, slaying，slays1 To kill violently凶狠地杀死The soldiers slain in the battle were burried that night.在那天夜晚，埋葬了在战斗中牺牲了的战士。2 Slang To overwhelm, as with laughter or love【俚语】 深深感动; 压倒, 克服; 使禁不住大笑Those old jokes still slay me.那些古老的笑话仍让我感动。Middle English slen, slayen中古英语 slen, slayenslayer n. 杀人者, 凶手对比词汇：destroy; exterminate; kill ; put to death (5) Attempting to make money from the growing legion of both female and male fans of basketball, he started to write love stories with basketball as one of the elements.legion n.1 The major unit of the Roman army consisting of 3,000 to 6,000 infantry troops and 100 to 200 cavalry troops.古罗马军团：古罗马军队的主要单位，由3,000至6,000名步兵和100至200名骑兵组成2 A large military unit trained for combat; an army.军队，兵团：被训练以用于战斗的庞大的军事单位；军队3 A large number; a multitude.See Synonyms at multitude大量；众多.参见 multitudea legion of followers大批追随者Middle English: legioun中古英语 legiounfrom Old French legion源自 古法语 legion对照词汇：army, battalion, company, division, force, outfit, regiments, quad, team, troop, unit (6) Being somewhat older than he was, they instilled into him a false idea of their superiority, and it was by this means they retained him in their “set”a set of wild, dissipated (闲游浪荡的) young men.instillinstillv.tr.（及物动词）词形：in.stilled， in.still.ing， in.stills也作 in.stils1 To introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant:逐渐的，持续地灌输；灌输：“Morality . . . may be instilled into their minds”(Thomas Jefferson)“道德可以灌输到他们的头脑中”(托马斯杰弗逊)Middle English： instillen中古英语 instillen (7) It is perhaps difficult for White South Africans, with an ingrained prejudice against communism, to understand why experienced African politicians so readily accept communists as their friends.ingrainedadj.Firmly established; deep-seated根深蒂固的；牢固的ingrained prejudice; 根深蒂固的偏见the ingrained habits of a lifetime一生的根深蒂固的习惯 (8) While administration officials were kept busy answering the charges, the secretary and chairman hustled back and forth between committees on both sides of the Capitol defending the pace and scope of the defense effort.hustle词形：hustled， hustling， hustlesv.intr.（不及物动词） To work or move energetically and rapidly赶忙，有干劲儿：精力充沛、动作迅速地工作或运动Come on, now! Hustle!We hustled to get dinner ready on time.我们忙着把晚餐按时准备好hustle for美口费力气想得到, 极力争取 (9) Thousands of soccer fans stormed the gates of an already overcrowded stadium, minutes before game time. 49 people were killed and 47 injured in the stampede.stampeden.1 A sudden frenzied rush of panic-stricken animals惊逃，受惊吓的动物突然狂奔2 A sudden headlong rush or flight of a crowd of people逃窜，一哄而散，人群突然猛冲或飞奔There was a stampede of panic-stricken crowd from the burning hotel.一群惊惶失措的人们, 从失火的旅馆中跑了出来。 3 A mass impulsive action 蜂拥a stampede of support for the candidate.纷纷支持那个侯选人 (10) For a fleeting moment I felt uneasy. Like many Americans making their first trip to an unfamiliar Asian city, I had harbored qualms about just how I might be received.qualmn.A sudden disturbing feeling不安，疑虑；突然引起不安的感觉qualms of homesickness思乡症3.Paraphrase: (1) But then it came to my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time. During that period of time of about ten years or more, those welcome psychologists solved peoples mental problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment. And they are trying to advocate the concept that nobody should feel guilty for anything.(2)In the past, it was commonly thought that to love himself, everyone should first give up his guilt. For the most part of the past ten years, people deliberately ignored the sense of guilt without understanding its meaning and significance.(3)Whats more, we would never be one of those who give up their guilt while becoming more and more deteriorated in excessive admiration of themselves.(4)There are people who are tortured by unreasonable guilt. Of course we are not willing to be one of them or guide our children to be one of them.(5)In such a changeable world, our sense of duty is very likely to change our feeling. Now an old concept may conflict with a new one on what we should do. There is a great difference between our belief and the education we got, and that difference results in the sense of guilt.(6)If guilt represents the contradiction of our standards of behavior, it is a good thing full of strength and humanness.(7)In some aspect, the so-called bad feeling reflects the best nature of human being. Because we dont want to feel guilty, we will not do bad things.(8)In that aspect, guilt can make us civilized and force us by conscience to be good people instead of putting ourselves in the first place urgently.4. Cloze: Guilt can be a feeling of (1) remorse about an action or situation in which you had some culpability or (2) responsibility. Sometimes we can feel guilty even there is no (3) reason.Any ideas about what has (4) triggered the guilt? What is of interest in our context is the neurotic sense of guilt which is a form of (5) anxiety mostly connected to repressed, murderous rage. The person feels as if he had (6) committed a moral crime.Does too much (7) criticism really cause too much guilt? Harsh parenting leads to decreased (8) empathy, guilt, and selfcontrol. Children are more likely to (9) develop a sense of morality/ conscience if parents use induction. Guilt means that a person does something that (10) violate their moral code, (11) value system, or their sense of right/ wrong and good/ bad. In other words, once they do something (12) against their duty, people will have the sense of guilt. In the final analysis we judge things by whether they (13) fulfill the purpose for which they were made. It is a (14) generally accepted principle that one cannot condemn something for (15) failing to achieve what it was never (16) intended to achieve. If man is merely a (17) biochemical machine, he cannot be (18) judged on any moral grounds (19) since the behavior of machines is predetermined by their very (20) nature and is in no sense “moral.”5. Translation:A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. 人要想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. 倘若一个人对社会给予他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do. 倘若一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那么他就是一个工作者。Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. 一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。The difference does not coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job. 这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动之间的区别。Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. 从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. 对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much. 所以他很可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better. 对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中。 B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1)People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth came out.(2)On the coming of the New Year, it occurred to Sam that he should put aside his work for a while and call his parents.(3)In a time of change, young people often put self-interest in the first place and tune out social commitment.(4)The government has realized that serious social problems may arise from wealth polarization, and measures have been taken to shorten the distance.(5)As the cost of being famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because people always have higher expectations of them.(6)After the terrorist attack was successfully suppressed, the horror-stricken hostages were shepherded across a secret passage to the safety zone. (7)Finally, the author chose to retort the rumor not because of any personal offense, but rather in response to injuries inflicted on others. (8)The criminal explains to his lawyer that his will is so naturally fragile that his physical needs often overpower his feeling, which leads to the theft of his acquaintance. (9) When her grandma, the only person who loved her in the world, passed away, her heart was filled with nothing else but deep sorrow and regret.Unit 2 In the Beginning: God and Science2. Vocabulary(1) profane (2) ignited (3) concocted (4) reverberations (5) subversive (6) enigmatic (7) convergence (8) provisional (9) defy（10) transparent3. Paraphrase(1) Its hard and even intolerable to imagine the infinitive universe, like the endless time, but this idea can at least make people feel calm and peaceful.(2) However, in recent decades, the Steady State model of universe has been substituted in scientific field by a more difficult idea that the universe is full of forceful actions.(3) The Big Bang theory makes some astronomers very uneasy, but at the same time, creates a little excitement in religious field for it seems to confirm their belief in creation.(4) Science educed the Big Bang theory from the hard work of assumption and testification and even unexpected but pleasant incidents, which share little interest with ideology.(5) Many theologians also agree that the similar point of religion and science on the issue of creation is accidental without deep significance.(6) Some scientists refuse to consider the issue of creation with the attitude of dealing with the fact.(7)Yet, actually everyone, including scientists and common religious persons, is possessed by the confusing issues of creation and even what happened before it.(8) People who are engaged in the hitech field need something from spirit and ethics to conduct their work. (9) The Big Bang theory of course is not the perfect final theory of creation that human can develop, but what it shows to us is a vast unknown area that requires effort and appropriate respect from both religion and science.4. Cloze(1) concerned (2) deeply (3) movements (4) longing (5) endeavor (6) present (7) religious (8) suffice (9) varying (10) experience (11) primitive(12) evokes (13) stage (14) poorly (15) creates (16) depend (17) handed(18) disposed (19) degree (20) basis5. TranslationA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(1) 硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢？对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启蒙运动以来，圣经所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：创世说。(2) 美国国家航空和航天局宣布科学家已经发现来自火星的陨石中有生命的迹象。到目前为止，公众的反响相当积极。不过随着人们进一步领会其深层含义，这种积极的反响可能会改变。来自国家宇航局的这一消息是近500年来对人类最大的冒犯。这个新发现说明生命很可能是相当普通的一种现象，只要有点机会在任何地方都可能发生。地球并不特殊。异类的生命形式也不特别。它们不是人们通常合情合理想象的长着尖尖耳朵或其它可爱特点的人形生命，它们很可能更像简单的细菌。地球上的生命之所以特别是因为我们只了解这一种生命形式。那么就这一点来说，现在行将破碎的那类教条根本就是建立在无知的基础上的。生物学的根基非常脆弱，它只有一个数据点，即地球上的生命。B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Since my grandma knows nothing about electrical appliance, she always stays clear of any of them with fear.(2) Although they have been sieged for almost a week, the soldiers swear never to yield the ground to the enemy.(3) To his embarrassment, his new boss turned out to be his primary school classmate, on whom he used to play trick.(4)Everybody should know how to choose when their social responsibility clashes with their personal interest.(5) Tourists from all over the world are really taken by the beauty and intelligence shown in this palace.(6) This book provides a sharp look at the domestic lives of middleclass African Americans and the residual impacts of slavery and racial discrimination. (7) That morning in the largest rural market in Asian, I saw at least a hundred thousand people jostled with one another to buy livestock, which is so unforgettable to me.(8) The narration at first continues the light spoken tone of the earlier novel, but as it develops, this tone recedes, only occasionally bursting forth in humorous words.(9) The two groups concurred that even the toughest gun laws would have no effect on crime rate; the key lies in the education of people.(10) No one could expect that the great writers grave was marked by a small wooden board, bearing his name, the letters of which were nearly obliterated by time.Unit 3 Privacy and Property on Net2. Vocabulary(1) confidential (2) facilitate (3) bizarre (4) innovation(5) surveillance (6) Incidentally (7) administered (8) deregulation3. Paraphrase(1) Although privacy and property are firmly established in the history of human development, they vary as the social criteria change.(2) They two are based on experience and can be scientifically true. However, they may be proved wrong in some domains like social aspects.(3) It seems fair for everyone that the law forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges, whereas, the truth is that the rich dont have to sleep under bridges so the law only places restrictions on the poor.(4) Copyright sounds fair to both celebrities and obscurities, but it virtually separate celebrities from the other musicians because only celebrities and major distribution companies have the ability to defend their copyright by legal means. This reveals inequality under the cover of so called equality.(5) Court officials who have made a solemn promise could explore the doubtful cases then specify those really guilty few and report to punish them according to laws.(6) Information technology cannot provide convincing answers to such questions thus ending up being doubted by public, following nuclear power and genetic engineering.(7) Internet based investigations might succeed, but they are usually less reliable than traditional randomly sampled polls.4. Cloze(1)sophisticated (2)protect (3)named (4)employed (5)other (6)private (7)only (8) public (9)possessed (10)periodically (11)forge (12)limit (13)approved (14)privileges (15)accountable (16)confidential (17)access (18)difficult (19)mixture (20)symbols5. TranslationA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(1)这样一个多层机密系统的最佳构思是什么呢？是否会出现意外的后果？公众是否能接受？如果不能很好地回答这些问题，信息技术将会像核能源和基因工程一样被笼罩在大众的疑云之中。现在无处不在的电话销售已经让人们变得十分抵触通过电话进行的科学调查了。网络调查倒是大有前途，但是显然缺乏传统的随机抽样调查的可信度。另一个问题是，政府以安全为目的进行数据收集和整合，但是对其真实结果的研究在政府的安全机构内部是不可能公正的，因为要想获得科学的公正性，研究就必须公开进行。(2)根据卡内基麦伦大学的研究，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康程度下降。两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。研究者推测说，实际情况是上网使网民减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状况的下降原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着面、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人从心理上缺乏满足感。人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是，网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使他们对自己的生活不那么满意了。B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) The news rendered us extremely excited that our contestant had won the championship in the contest.(2) After every Spring Festival graduates travel around the country in the pursuit of job.(3) How can you tell he has murdered his neighbor in the absence of any specific proof?(4) Under the threat of terrorists attacks government has to sift through heaps of mails every day.(5) The conference committes members are discussing whether the topic should fall under this sessions theme.(6) When he was aware that his health was deteriorating, the once ambitious entrepreneur relinquished all control over the business to his son.(7) The municipal government has determined to broaden all the roads within the city and is actively planning to build the underground system as well. All this aims at facilitating citizens transportation.(8)When investigating a bank robbery resulting in two deaths, the police found a letter which implicated John in the robbery.Unit 5 Escaping to Ireland for Christmas2. Vocabulary(1) contrariness (2) tangle (3) stamina (4) roam (5) subtlety (6) bustling (7) conspire (8) foray (9) tangible (10) savor3. Paraphrase(1) We prefer to travel at Christmas because we tend to avoid the crowds during traveling seasons.(2) Our reason for having such different trips is from the harvest rather than the loss during the course(3) We have long and hard traveling experience, which gives us the creative ideas of making the special plans, the perseverance to go through difficulties, and the optimistic and humorous reaction to peoples lack of understanding.(4) As our plans change the life style or make them to wear heavily, our children are not always obedient and willing to accept them.(5) Our idea of Christmas is changed because of our revolution of the past life style and the pleasure of finding another culture.(6) When we are traveling in another country, we are all foreigners, which makes us more united. And we are fascinated in finding the details of the new environment and are more easily to accept others opinion.(7) The whole family acted together to cater for my special love for knitting wool, such as watching the sheep walking through, finding and visiting the discarded wool mill, focusing on the yarn store in every town and renaming colors for sweaters with our visited places for memory.(8) After wearing the rubber rain boots and thick wool socks, we are not afraid of the coldness and humidity any more when we stamped through muddy fields.(9) We can understand the Irish life from a special angle by viewing their local newspaper for the worlds events.4. Cloze(1) crowded (2) vacationers (3) stretch (4) tight (5) beginning (6) seem (7) cash (8) against (9) dreaded (10) possible (11) avoiding (12) popular (13) surprise (14) route (15) according to (16) same (17) difficult (18) ultimately (19) given (20) expect 5. TranslationA. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.如果我是一名游客的话，我会将我的出行计划定在四，五月或者十，十一月期间。要是在“旺季”去的话，你遭受冷雨寒风的机会会更大。而且很奇怪地，全国都会挤得一塌糊涂，收费还高得惊人。我会开车或坐飞机
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