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8B Unit 1(Revision) 8B Unit 1Unit 1语言功能和重点语言功能和重点 1、识别反义词并用于语境中； 2、用现在完成时讨论过去发生的但仍与现 在有关联的事件； 3、理解表示时间的状语词组的词义并用于现在完成时； 4、讨论因时间变迁而产生的变化； 第一部分第一部分词词 汇汇OPPOSITES(反义词）反义词）cheap easylikegoodhappyhighhotnewsamelongslowpossiblepoliteregularpleasantluckykindhonesthealthycorrectexpensivedifficultdislike/ unlikebadsadlowcoldolddifferentshortfast/ quickimpossibleimpoliteirregularunpleasantunluckyunkinddishonestunhealthyincorrect 根据要求写出下列单词的适当形式。1. pollute(名词) 2. south (形容词)3. change(复数) 4. tour（名词）5.beautiful(名词) 6.please(形容词)7. easy (比较级) 8. marry(形容词)9. recent (副词)10. bring (过去分词)11. cheap (反义词)12. nature (形容词)13. easy(反义词)14. luck (形容词)15. wife(复数) pollutionsouthernchangestouristbeautypleased, pleasanteasier marriedrecentlybroughtexpensivenaturaldifficult, hardluckywivesmarriage（名词）pleasure名词(副词) luckily用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：1.They had a very _ trip to Hangzhou. (please)2.My parents were very _ when I got good marks in the English test. (please) 3.Sally knows that city very _ because she used to lived there.(good)wellpleasantpleased用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：4. Water _ is more terrible than noise _. (pollute)5. Guang dong Province is in the _ part of China. (south)6. Have you _ that youve made a big mistake? (realize)7. The girl felt _ because she failed in the exam again. (happy)pollutionpollutionsouthernrealizedunhappy用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：8. The water in that river is much _ than before. (clean)9. The old man was _ when his wife died. (alone)10. You can take the following_ to stop it happening. (act)cleanerlonelyaction第二部分第二部分短语句型短语句型not any moreknow wellsince then in the southern part of town get married over the years change a lotturn into play Chinese chess water pollutionmuch cleaner in some ways a serious problem open space from time to timemove house1. 不再不再2. 很了解很了解3. 自打那时起自打那时起4. 在镇的南部在镇的南部5. 结婚结婚6. 这些年这些年7. 变化很大变化很大8. 变变为为9. 下象棋下象棋10. 水污染水污染11. 干净多了干净多了12. 在某种程度上在某种程度上13. 一个严重的问题一个严重的问题14. 开阔的空间开阔的空间15. 时不时时不时16. 搬家搬家 as often as before over the past century the changes to Nanjing hear about /of in the past be in service/ use change a lot travel to town used to do move into / out of / away have time to relax more bring many advantages cause many problems a good place to go /tourist attraction have the same feeling17. 象以前一样频繁象以前一样频繁18.在过去的一百年中在过去的一百年中19.南京的变化南京的变化20.听说听说21.在过去在过去22.运营运营/使用使用/服务服务中中23.变化很大变化很大25.去镇上旅游去镇上旅游26.过去常做过去常做27.搬进搬进/出出/走走28.有时间多休息有时间多休息29.带来许多好处带来许多好处30.引发许多问题引发许多问题31.游客向往的地方游客向往的地方32.有相同的感受有相同的感受选用词组的适当形式填空选用词组的适当形式填空1.I miss my friends in the primary school _ because I cannot see them _ before.2.My uncle _ since he _.get married, turn into, in fact, change a lot, in the past, noise pollution, as often as, from time to time, not any more,as often as got marriedhas changed a lotfrom time to time选用词组的适当形式填空选用词组的适当形式填空get married, turn into, in fact, change a lot, in the past, noise pollution, as often as, from time to time, not any more3. There was _ in my living area _. But now it has become much quieter than before.4. Im afraid the post office _ there _ because things has changed a lot. noise pollutionin the pastisntany more选用词组的适当形式填空选用词组的适当形式填空get married, turn into, in fact, change a lot, in the past, noise pollution, as often as, from time to time, not any more5. He looks naughty. _, he is a very clever boy.6. We are trying our best to _ our country _ a modern and strong one.In fact turn intoFill in the blanks:Mr Chen knows Sunshine Town very _ . He lived with _ _ until he _ _. Then he and his wife _ _ another _ in the _ _ the town. Last year they _ _ because his children _ them a new _. But only _ _ _ he thinks life is better now. Many of his old friends _ _ _ _ other areas and he feels _ _ lonely _ _ _ _. got marriedmoved to in some wayshave moved toabitfrom time to timewellhis parentshousecentre movedboughtflatofagain重点句重点句1. I dont want to play with you any more. 2. It has changed a lot over the years. 3. The pollution was terrible then because the factory used to dump its waste into the river.4. The government realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution. 5. I feel a bit lonely from time to time.6.There were some small restaurants as well as shops and market stalls.7.It has been in service since 2002.8. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people.9. The environment is not as good as before.10.Its next to the clock tower, isnt it?第三部分第三部分词汇的应用词汇的应用change n./v.change a lotthe changes toYancheng _over the years. 这些年盐城来变化很大！这些年盐城来变化很大！There _ Yancheng over the years. Great changes _in Yancheng over the years. has changed a lot have been great changes in/tohave taken place get married 结婚 be/get married to Sb. marry Sb. 和某人结婚 Tom _ Mary in 1965. Mary _ Tom in 1965. Tom and Mary _ in 1965. Language pointsuse sth to do sth 用某物做某事用某物做某事be used to do /for doing sth 被用来做某事被用来做某事be used as sth被用为某物被用为某物be used to doing sth习惯于做某事习惯于做某事used to beused to studyFill in the blanks.1.There _(过去是）过去是）a clean river and it _(use) to wash clothes.2.Can you tell me different _(用处用处)of a computer?3.The new light rail _(投入使用投入使用)since 2005. 4.刀被用来切东西刀被用来切东西 Knives _5.以前，我不习惯早起以前，我不习惯早起 In the past, I _used to bewas used useshas been in useare used to cut things/for cutting thingswasnt used to getting up earlyHe feels lonely .He feels lonely .He spent doing his homework.We will visit there next week. from time to timesometimes some time sometimefrom time to timesometimessome timesometime一段时间一段时间某一时候某一时候有时有时 feel a bit lonely 感到有点儿寂寞 alone 单独 , 一个人 ( 用作表语或状 语 ) lonely 孤独的,寂寞的,偏僻的 (作表语或定语 ) eg. 1. 他一个人单独居住,但从不感到寂寞. He lives _, but he never feel _. 2. 他一个人住在偏僻的山村里. He _.lives alone in a lonely villagea bit/a little + adj.(adv.)a bit of /a little + 不可数名词不可数名词He knows _French.eg.他懂得一点法语他懂得一点法语Shes _afraid of her father.a bit/a little a bit of /a little a bit of /a little/a bit 她有点她有点/有一点害怕她的父亲。有一点害怕她的父亲。have an interview with sbinterview sbInterview n/vMy parents_my teacher. = My parents_ my teacherThere are _some famous football players.我父母已经采访了我的老师我父母已经采访了我的老师have had an interview with have intervieweda number of interviews with 有很多采访一些著名的足球运动员有很多采访一些著名的足球运动员第四部分语法第四部分语法Present perfect tense一、现在完成时的定义一、现在完成时的定义定义定义1： 现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。 She has gone. (她走了。她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出出“走走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。造成的结果是她不在这里了。He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.He has studied French. ( (他学过法语。他学过法语。) )这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. ( (他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。) ) 这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。定义定义2：现在完成时态还表示动作或状态：现在完成时态还表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来。从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来。Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept the books for two days.二、现在完成时的构成二、现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数主语（第一、二人称单、复数)+HAVE 主语（第三人称复数）主语（第三人称复数） +HAVE +过去分过去分词词 主语（第三人称单数主语（第三人称单数） +HAS 2. 现在完成时的否定句句型现在完成时的否定句句型 主语主语+have/has+not+过去分词过去分词+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. How many times have you been to the Great Wall?三、现在完成时的标志词三、现在完成时的标志词标志词标志词(1)：这种用法常与：这种用法常与ALREADY, JUST, YET, EVER, NEVER, RECENTLY,BEFORE(句句末末)等连用等连用1.I _ (do) my homework already.2.He _(not finished) his homework yet.3._you ever _(be) to Beijing?4.We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.5.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.6.They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practiced注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet.yet. I havent seen the film yet.2 I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet.3. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.1 I have seen the film already. 标志词（标志词（2）：这种用法）：这种用法还可还可与与 FOR +一段时间一段时间, SINCE+过去的时间点过去的时间点, THESE YEARS, SO FAR, IN THE PAST/LAST YEARS等连用等连用1.We _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.2.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years.3.They _(write) 15 songs so far.4.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grownATTENTION: SINCE的用法1. Since+ 过去某个时间（此时过去某个时间（此时 since充当介词）充当介词） Eg: He has been in this school since 1999.2. Since+一段时间一段时间+ ago （此时（此时 since充当介词）充当介词） Eg: She has known Susan since seven years ago.3. Since+ 从句从句 （此时（此时 since充当连词）（此时主句使充当连词）（此时主句使用完成时，从句则要使用过去时）用完成时，从句则要使用过去时）Eg: I have lived here since I was born.4.当主句的谓语动词为当主句的谓语动词为be或或seem时，则主句要采用一般时，则主句要采用一般现在时现在时,从句仍使用过去时。从句仍使用过去时。Eg: Its a long time since we left school. FOR OR SINCE1. We have lived here _ 1990.2. How long have you studied here ? _ 5 years .3. The boy has had a bad cold _ last night .4. Mr. Huang has kept the books _ a week ago .5.I have taught in the school _ I came here .6We have been friends _ a long time .sinceForsincesincesincefor切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：arrive begin(start)die come backleave fall ill(sick, asleep)open close join borrow buy finish/end get/come to get married be in/on/atbe onbe deadbe backbe away (from)be ill(sick, asleep)be openbe closedbe in/ be a member ofkeephave be over be in/on/at be married 1.I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept2.The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China.A. will visit B. visited C. have visited D. visit3.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been4.Im sorry, I _ your name.A. had forgotten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. forgotten5.Her brother _the Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. was inExercise:have been to 曾经去过某地（已返回）曾经去过某地（已返回）Someone went to some place and has already come backhave been in 去某地一段时间去某地一段时间 someone stay in some place for some time have gone to 去了某地去了某地 （没有回来）（没有回来）Someone went to some place and is still there A BAA BB stay 2、三者的、三者的常见用法常见用法 have been (to) + 地点地点+次数次数 have been (in) + 地点地点 + for/since have gone (to) + 地点地点3、共同点共同点 当后跟地点是当后跟地点是副词副词 (home,here,there)时，介词时，介词 省略。省略。1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been toTranslation:Translation: 她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。 He has been in Shanghai for ten years. 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关过这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years. （说明他还继续学下去）（说明他还继续学下去） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语：显的时间状语： 遇到遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去过去某一年，某一年，two days ago, just now等就用一等就用一般过去时。般过去时。当有当有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在过在过去去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语接过去时间状语或过去时的句子或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时。等常用现在完成时。 用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.movelivelovelikevisitrepairwatchfinishvisited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finishedmoved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked verbed以以e结尾结尾dstopmoptrapplanstopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned注注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写双写最后一个辅音字母最后一个辅音字母ed双写双写edstudy hurrystudied studiedhurried hurried去去yied注注:以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词,去去yied.Exercises:bringbuy fallfeel speak thinkwritebrought broughtbought boughtfell fallenfelt feltspoke spokenthought thoughtwrote written实力测验实力测验: 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1.1.They_(go) to the cinema already.They_(go) to the cinema already.2.2.Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) back yet.back yet.3.3.John_ (be)to the USA a few John_ (be)to the USA a few times.times.4.4.We _ (not see)that film yetWe _ (not see)that film yet5.5.I _ (not talk)to my cousin I _ (not talk)to my cousin since last Friday.since last Friday.6.6.You _ (not visit)me for a You _ (not visit)me for a long time.long time.have gonehave not comehas beenhave not seenhave not talkedhave not visited7. Tom _ (buy) the bike for 2 years.8.I (not finish) the work yet.9. you (know) him since then?10.I _ (hear) from my father recently.11.We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.12.The dog _ (die) since 3 days ago.13.They _ (finish)the work so far.14.How long you _ (stay) at home yet?15.I _ (not read) the book before.16. He just (do) it.17.My sister _ (walk) to school every day last year.18.We _ (have) an exam again sometime next week.19.By 2012, we _ (plant) 2000 trees.20.Lucy _ _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave)this morning. havent finishedHaveknownhave heardhave beenhas been deadhave finishedhavestayedhavent readhasdonewalkedwill havehave plantedhas gonelefthas had中考链接一一.选择填空选择填空 1、Uncle Dong is _from time to time because he misses his old friends.A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. unkind2、Mr and Mrs Black _ back _.A. hasnt come, yet B. havent come , yet C. havent , come already D. hasnt come , already3、We havent seen each other _.A. for a long time B. two days ago C. for two days ago D. a long time ago.4、It has been in service _ 1998.A. in B. at C. or D. since5、It _ seven years _ Hong Kong return to China. A. was, since B. is, since C. was, after D. is , after6、- Where are Mike and Jack?- They _ the library.A. have gone B. have been to C. has been to D. has gone to7、There is a new bridge _ the Tsing Ma Bridge.A. call B. to call C. called D. calling.8.I _ you a happy holiday.A. hope B. wish C. want D. like9.I enjoy _ my friends on the internet on Sundays.A. chat B. chatting C. chatting to D. chatting with.10.In a dictionary which is always before tram.A. train B. try C. tree D. true11.The place _ be the home of wild red cranes.A. is used to B. used to C. is used D. was used to12.We hope you _ a happy holiday in Hong Kong.A. to have B. having C. had D. will have13.The old man was not _ to climb up the hill.A. healthy B. enough healthy C. health enough D. healthy enough14.- _ you _ the book _ to the library yet. - Yes. I have.A. Have ，returned，/ B. Have， returned， back C. Did return ，/ D. Did， return，back15.He has _ finished his homework. Hes now _ a rest.A. yet, having B. just, has C. ever, has D. already, having.Bye-bye!Bye-bye!
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