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第一讲读写类作文写作分类突破【题型解读】读写类作文是高考英语书面表达的一个特色，出题的形式就是给出某种情景和内容要求，请考生根据这一情景要求写出自己的思想。这类题型相对于其他类型的题来说，特点在于考生可以充分发挥自己的思维想象能力，进而组织自己的语言来表达某种思想。因此，这类题型既有较大的灵活性，也能较好地体现考生的英语思维想象能力。不像其他类题型，千篇一律，但缺点就是老师的评卷给分缺少了客观标准，主观性较强。对于这类题型的处理，考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示，把握准情景和要求，使表达的内容不跑题；其次，根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料；最后，进行合理的总结。解题步骤1.审题，明确题目要求。通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称进行写作。2.阅读，抓住内容要点。阅读短文，找出文章的内容要点。(1)议论文：找出论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。若文中有一分为二的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。(2)记叙文：找出时间(when)，地点(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，结果怎么样(how)等五要素。其中，最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议类的文章，还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。(3)说明文和新闻报道：通常会有中心句(多在首段)，写概要时注意要找出中心句，抓住关键词。对现象分析型说明文，要找出“现象”、“造成这种现象的原因”、“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。(4)发言稿：通常会很明确地表明观点或态度，写概要时要从发言者的言语中明确作者的态度，把握作者的写作目的。或先概括每段大意，进而归纳全文主旨。3.概括，转述作者观点。在找出文章的内容要点后，就要用自己的话转述原文内容要点。要注意在用词或句式上做到同义替换，避免抄袭之嫌。4.过渡，引出自己观点。写了摘要后，用句过渡的话，再引出自己的观点(赞成或反对)或引出类似的故事。5.例证，论证自己观点。议论文在提出自己的观点后，就用具体的事例来论证自己的观点。记叙文编写与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事(亲身经历或虚构)。6.结论，注意前后呼应。7.润色，使其锦上添花。一查人称是否符合要求；二查语法方面的问题，包括用词、时态等方面的错误等，确保“语言规范”；三查逻辑关系，看前后观点是否一致；四查是否使用一些较为高级的句型，如非谓语动词结构、with复合结构、定语从句、倒装句型、恰当的连接词、短语动词等。【典例印证】 (2016江苏高考) 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。In recent years，internet voting has become increasing popular in China.People not only cast on-line votes themselves，but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”.Li Jiang，a high school student，is invited to vote in the “Best Police Officer” competition，organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers daily work.Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories.He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds.He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition.He has already received three similar invitations this week.His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition，the family will win an overseas tour for free.Su Hua likes his cousin very much，but he finds other singers perform even better.To vote，or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.写作内容1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。满分作文Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.In my opinion, online voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space.Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey.Therefore，I hold a positive attitude towards online voting.【模拟训练】请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Lets face it. You are constantly exposed to common viruses. There is nothing you can do about them. However, you can greatly influence the effect of those viruses on your health. Dont accept that the flu or common cold is something you have to suffer from time to time. Cast off this thought and keep yourself and your entire family healthy regardless of the weather or season. These 4 easy tips will help you to reduce the number of times you are down with the flu or common cold：1.Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables daily. They will provide you with important nutrients, mainly vitamins, which are needed to increase your ability to win the fight against common viruses.2.Drink plenty of water. The water runs through your body, removing everything your body wants to get rid of.3.Sleep 8 hours per night. If you often fail to have enough sleep, not only will you feel tired, but also your immune system will work less efficiently. You will be more easily affected by viruses.写作内容请你用英语以“健康的生活习惯让我们远离病毒”为题写一篇短文，主要内容包括：1.以约30个词概括以上短文的主要内容。2.然后以约120个词谈谈你对养成健康生活习惯的看法，内容包括：(1)病毒的危害及形成健康生活习惯的必要性；(2)要保持健康，还有哪些可行措施；(3)倡导大家培养良好生活习惯，健康生活。写作要求1.作文中可使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_参考范文In our daily life，we may often be infected with different viruses，however，we can avoid them if we form good living habits，such as eating healthy food，drinking plenty of water，and so on.As we know，viruses can cause diseases which range from a slight cold to the murderous AIDS.To stay away from the harm of these viruses，its necessary for us to form healthy habits.In addition to the four tips mentioned in the above passage，I think forming a habit of doing physical exercise regularly is also important.Physically，doing exercise strengthens our body and builds up our immunity.Besides，think positively and keep an optimistic view on our life situations.Our encouraging thoughts will bring the best out from our immune system.In conclusion，we should lead a healthy lifestyle，holding a positive life attitude and doing sports regularly.All these habits will make us stronger and enable us to fight against viruses.
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