资源描述
第34讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他成分的动词形式。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动词ing形式和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。中考关于非谓语动词的考点主要集中在不定式上，具体如下：1动词不定式作宾语，宾语补足语和和目的状语的用法；2动词不定式作主语和定语的用法；3动词ing 形式的用法。高频考向一动词不定式1构成：to动词原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式为：not to do。如：The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的家庭作业。2功能：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。(1)作主语To help the old is our duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。【注意】动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语后置。“Its adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”，这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词。常见的有good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。如：Its kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。“Its adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如：Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说，爬上那棵高树是危险的。(2)作表语To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着并不是为了吃饭。(3)作宾语常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide(决定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，hope(希望)，pretend(假装)，try(尽力)等。如：I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。(4)作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask(要求)，tell(告诉)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(帮助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀请)，encourage(鼓励)等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.当她出去的时候，她叫我接电话。(5)作定语动词不定式作定语时，常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语，且被修饰的名词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如：He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾)He has no friends to talk with.他没有可以与之交谈的朋友。(介宾)【注意】当不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后的介词习惯省去。如：He had no place to live (in)他没地方住。有些名词常用不定式作定语。如：a chance to go to school上学的机会no time to think about rest没时间考虑休息a way to learn (of learning) English学习英语的一种方法(6)作状语They ran over to welcome us.他们跑过来欢迎我们。(表目的)Paul is too excited to say anything.保罗激动得说不出话来。(表结果)Im sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打扰你。(表原因)【注意】在使役动词、感官动词和某些实义动词后，动词不定式作宾语时，要省略to。但在变被动语态时，省略的to要加上。如：I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在敲门。We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等结构的句型后，要用不带to的不定式。如：Would you please make your bed？请整理下你的床，好吗？Youd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。3特殊疑问词动词不定式能接不定式的疑问词有：what，which，how，who，when，where等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如：I dont know what to do.我不知道该做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做这事。I dont know what to do about it.关于这件事，我不知道该做些什么。The question is who to go.问题是谁去。高频考向二动词ing形式1构成：动词原形ing(形式上与现在分词相同)。2功能：动词ing形式具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。作主语如：Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用。作表语如：My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。作定语如：There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。作宾语如：She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。后接动词ing形式的动词或动词短语enjoy(喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practice(练习)，mind(介意)，suggest(建议)，avoid(避免)，be busy(忙于)，be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放弃)，be used to(习惯于)，stop/prevent/keep.from(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)，feel like(想要)，be good at(擅长)，be interested in(对感兴趣)，succeed in(成功)一、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。(原创题)1Its easy for local people _(choose)various goods in Sunnyside Shopping Mall.2No pains, no gains. Without _(work) hard, no one can achieve success in life.3Nothing would prevent UNICEF, an international charity，_ (raise) the living standards of the children in poor areas.4The foreigner has been used to _(eat) with chopsticks.5Mom couldnt stand the mess in my room, so she asked me _(clean) it right now.6Would you mind _(close) it right now?7Dont forget _(turn) off the gas after cooking.to chooseworkingraisingeatingto cleanclosingto turn8Could you tell me how _(succeed) in making a speech in front of people?Be confident. Thats the point.9Some inventions that led to the colorful movies are on show，_ (include) cameras.10If you have any trouble _(use) the website, just click on this icon for help.11My teachers always encourage us _(study) hard on different subjects.12We need to make more young people _(learn) Shadow Play so that it wont disappear in China.13_ (ride) a bike to the countryside must be fun. I cant wait.14It is fine today! How about _(go) climbing this afternoon?15Youd better _(join) in some activities after school.to succeedincludingusingto studylearnRidinggoingjoin
展开阅读全文