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中考语法专题十一中考语法专题十一 非谓语动词非谓语动词考点一：不定式考点一：不定式所谓非谓语动词，是指动词不定式，动名词和分词，在句中不所谓非谓语动词，是指动词不定式，动名词和分词，在句中不能作谓语。能作谓语。（1）动词不定式的构成 肯定：to + V 原形 否定：not to + V 原形（2） 常见的后面接不定式作宾语的及物动词有： want /like / love / hate / decide / hope / wish /need / agree / begin / learn / forget / help / manage / plan / prefer / pretend / try / wait / afford / start / would like + to do I want to go abroad for further study. 我想出国深造。 We all agree to put off the basketball match. 我同间推迟篮球比赛。考点一：不定式考点一：不定式The little boy pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in. 当他妈妈进来的时候，那个小男孩假装在睡觉。（3）某些动词在其宾语之后还可以接不定式构成宾语补足语，如： want / like / wish / ask / tell / get /teach / invite / warn / allow / encourage +sb.+to do. I wish you to enjoy a happy life . 希望你生活愉快。 They invited us to attend their wedding. 他们邀请我们参加他们的婚礼。 My teacher encouraged me to realize my dream. 我的老师鼓励我实现我的梦想。 考点一：不定式考点一：不定式注意：hope +sb.+to do （） hope that +句子句子（ ） hope to do （ ）（4） 一些使役动词如make / have / let 以及表示感官的动词如see / watch /notice / look at /hear / listen to 后面接不带to 的不定式构成宾语补足语，如：My mother made me learn another foreign language. 我妈妈让我再学一门外语。I heard them sing in the next room. 我听到他们在隔壁唱歌。考点一：不定式考点一：不定式注意：当这些动词变成被动语态时就要用带to 的不定式。除此之外，初中阶段后面接不带to 的不定式的习惯用法还有had better do , why not do, would rather do .than do . , would you please do . , help 后面带的不定式带to和不带to 都可以。（5） 动词不定式做主语或做宾语时经常用it 来作形式主语或形式宾语，常见的句型有：1） Its + adj. +for sb. + to do sth. Its bad for your eyes to read in bed. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。2） Its +adj. + of sb.+to do sth. Its kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。 考点一：不定式考点一：不定式3） think / find it +adj. +to do . I find it boring to read the same book several times. 我发现读几遍同一本书很乏味。4） It takes sb. +some time / some money +to do It took me two days to finish this book. 我花了两天读这本书。 5） Its too +adj. +to do / adj. / adv. enough +to do Its too difficult to travel alone. 孤身旅行太难。 Its exciting enough to travel alone. 独自旅行很令人激动。 考点一：不定式考点一：不定式（6） 疑问词+to do what to do / how to do sth. / when to do sth. / where to do sth. / why to do sth. Do you know how to make a card?你知道怎样制作卡片吗？Ive no idea when and where to meet. 我不知道见面的时间和地点。考点二：动名词考点二：动名词（1）动名词的构成 - do+ing （2）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 大声朗读是非常有益处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.Its no use quarreling . 争吵无益。（3）作表语：In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁的城池中，蚁后的工作就是产卵。考点二：动名词考点二：动名词（4）有些动词后面常跟动名词作宾语，要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语。 enjoy , finish , suggest , avoid , excuse , imagine , keep , miss , consider , admit , deny , mind , practise , be busy , be worth , feel like , cant help , think of , dream of , be interested in , prevent .from. , keep . from., stop.from., protect . from.,spend. （in）doing , succeed in.,be good at , do well in , give up , be used to ., look forward to ., pay attention to ,feel like . I dont mind being alone at home at weekends.我不在乎周末的时候独自在家。 Nobody can avoid making mistakes.人人都会犯错。 考点二：动名词考点二：动名词（5）作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick. 离开拐杖，他无法行走。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？考点三：分词考点三：分词分词在句中可以做定语，状语，表语，补语（1）过去分词通常指 “感觉.”, 现在分词通常指 “令人.”,如： interested / interesting , excited / exciting , surprised /surprising , bored /boring , amazed/amazing , amused /amusing , developed /developing .The film is so exciting that I feel excited. 这部电影如此的令人兴奋，我感到很激动。I am interested in the interesting book. 我对这本有趣的书很感兴趣。考点三：分词考点三：分词（2）现在分词和过去分词作定语时在时间上的差别，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作，如：developing country 发展中的国家 the developed country 发达国家 the falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 the fallen leaves落叶（已经掉落）（3）表示知觉的动词如see , watch , notice, hear, feel 的后面也可以接现在分词作补语，表示动作正在进行着，试比较：I saw the little boy cross the street. （看到小男孩过马路的全过程）I saw the little boy crossing the street. （看到小男孩正穿马路）I heard them sing next door. （听到他们唱歌的全过程） I heard them singing next door. （ 唱歌这个动作正在进行）考点四：辨析考点四：辨析 有些词后面既可以接动词to do 又可以接动词-ing 形式， 但意义有区别的：1.记住做了某事 remember doing sth. 记得去做某事 remember to do 2.忘记做了某事 forget doing sth. 忘记去做某事 forget to do 3. 停止做某事stop doing sth. 停下来去做某事stop to do sth.4. 继续做某事go on doing sth. 继续去做另外一件事go on to do sth. Tom looked quite tired. His teacher asked him to stop running. 汤姆看起来相当累。他的老师让他不要跑了。 So he stopped to drink some water. 所以他停下来喝水。
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