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( (模块五模块五 高二上学期高二上学期) )GrammarTo-infinitive课件描述：课件描述： 本课语法教学主要使学生掌握不定式的功能和本课语法教学主要使学生掌握不定式的功能和用法。本课采用语法教学与单元话题紧密结合的方用法。本课采用语法教学与单元话题紧密结合的方式，使学生在使用英语讨论朋友和友谊这一话题中，式，使学生在使用英语讨论朋友和友谊这一话题中，发现、归纳、掌握并适当操练不定式的用法。整堂发现、归纳、掌握并适当操练不定式的用法。整堂课以上一课时阅读中的内容为线索，给语法教学创课以上一课时阅读中的内容为线索，给语法教学创设真实的语境，并通过游戏、竞赛等活动，活跃课设真实的语境，并通过游戏、竞赛等活动，活跃课堂氛围，使学生快乐学习语法。堂氛围，使学生快乐学习语法。 What can we learn about friendshipfrom Annies letters?1. To talk to a friend openly and sincerely when something unpleasant happens is very important if we are to keep the friendship. 2. We should always remind ourselves to trust our friends whatever happens. subjectpredicativeobject complementStudy the two letters on Page 5, trying to find out more To-infinitives in the letters and tell their functionsin the sentences. (1) You have every right to feel betrayed (attribute)(2) she wanted to embarrass you in public (object)(3) It seems you need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend! (4) , one of you has to be the first to admit (object) (attribute) (object)(adverbial) 动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，其否定形式是构成，其否定形式是not to do。动词不定式可以单独使用或用作动词。动词不定式可以单独使用或用作动词不定式短语的一个部分。不定式在句中可做主语、不定式短语的一个部分。不定式在句中可做主语、宾语、状语、表语宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和定语等，但不能宾语补足语和定语等，但不能单独作谓语。单独作谓语。 The functions of To-infinitive1. 作主语作主语To read English every day is necessary. （不定式（不定式to read English every day 做主语）做主语）动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用it做做形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如：形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如： It is necessary to read English every day. It is a good idea to go for a picnic today.2. 作宾语作宾语 I want to see a film. （不定式（不定式to see a film 做宾语）做宾语）不定式做宾语时，若还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定不定式做宾语时，若还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在补足语后，用式放在补足语后，用it做形式宾语。例如：做形式宾语。例如： He find it difficult to learn Chinese. We think it important to master a foreign language.3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语He invited me to give a speech on Chinese history. （不定式（不定式to give a speech on Chinese history 做宾做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语语补足语，补充说明宾语me）I have a letter to post. (不定式不定式to post做定语，修饰名词做定语，修饰名词letter)1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：须有相应的介词。例如： She had only a small room to live in. I need a pen to write with.4. 4. 作定语作定语2) 2) 试比较：试比较：Do you have anything to wash? Do you have anything to wash? 你有什么要洗你有什么要洗吗？吗？（不定式（不定式to washto wash的动作执行者是的动作执行者是youyou）Do you have anything to be washed? Do you have anything to be washed? 你有什你有什么要（别人）洗吗？么要（别人）洗吗？（不定式（不定式to washto wash的动作执的动作执行者是别人，而不是行者是别人，而不是youyou）5. 作表语作表语His wish is to become a lawyer. (不定式不定式to become a lawyer在连系动词在连系动词is后做表语后做表语)6. 6. 作状语作状语表示目的表示目的。例如：。例如：They worked hard day and night to pay back They worked hard day and night to pay back the debt.the debt.表示结果表示结果。例如：。例如：I hurried to the airport only to find the I hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.plane had taken off.表示原因表示原因。例如：。例如：She felt disappointed to hear the news that She felt disappointed to hear the news that she hadnt been promoted.she hadnt been promoted.Pass the sentences on Thanks to my friends, my life seem to be getting easier and more interesting. Matthew may pretend to be making friends with Peter. Personally, I feel happy to have made some good friends. He is said to have recovered friendship with Tom.不定式还有进行形式不定式还有进行形式(to be doing)和完成形式和完成形式(to have done) They seem to be reading in the library.(动词不定式动词不定式to be reading表示动作表示动作read正在发生正在发生) Im sorry to have said that. （动词不定式（动词不定式to have said that表示动作表示动作say发生在过去，发生在过去，并且已完成并且已完成)Different forms of To-infinitiveLearn to use To-infinitive to talk about what you have learned about friendsand friendship.So we should trust each other to make our friendship last long. bare infinitiveBrainstorming: Can you think of other words or phrases after which the bare infinitive is used?(1)在在FEEL, HEAR, LISTEN TO 等感官动词后，或在等感官动词后，或在LET, MAKE, HAVE 等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带不定式不带TO。 但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带必须带TO。例如：。例如： I often hear him sing the song. She made me promise to write every day. He is often heard to sing the song. I was made to promise to write every day.Bare infinitive(2)WOULD RATHER, HAD BETTER和和WHY NOT 后面，不定式不后面，不定式不 带带TO。例如：。例如： I would rather stay at home. Why not come in?(3)当两个动词不定式由当两个动词不定式由AND, OR, THAN, RATHER THAN, AS或或LIKE相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略TO。例如：。例如： Do you want to go skating or see a film? I decided to write rather than phone.(4)不定式在介词不定式在介词BUT, EXCEPT后时，若介词前有行为后时，若介词前有行为动词动词DO的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带TO。例如：。例如： He did nothing but point to the door.Finish the Thank-you letter from Sarah to Annie by filling in the blanks. Keys: (1) to thank (2) to see (3) to think (4) trust (5) lose (6) apologize (7) to talk (8) keep (9) to go (10) not to hate (11) to forgive (12) be (13) to be getting (14) to have (15) to have got (16) get
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