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知识精讲在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近（远）一致原则等三个方面。一、语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。具体表现如下：1.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。No news is good news.His task was to collect information.How much machinery has been installed?2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.3. “ one, either, neither, each of 复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。Either of the stories is very funny. 4.something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。Nothing is impossible.5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten pounds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered. 7.a number of 复数名词，“许多”，复数意义；the number of 复数名词，“的数目”，单数意义。the population of“的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。the average of“的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.8.主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9.“the adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University. The new is certain to replace the old.10.分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.11.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。War and peace is a constant theme in history. Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安bread and butter黄油面包a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真诚12.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.13.such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14.quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。a quantity of 名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。a quantity of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 amounts of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。an amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Every day quantities of water are wasted. A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.二、逻辑意义一致原则1.every /each/no 名词and every/ each/ no 名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Every boy and every girl is having sports now.2.“one 单数名词and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One apple and a half was on the table.3.“more than one 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has failed the exam.4.“many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。三、就近（远）一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, notbut； eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also 等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.3.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class.4.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.5.在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of复数名词who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.6.主语后面跟有“with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to”等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.考点综述动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数，“most of”修饰主语从句依然是不可数，谓语动词应该用单数形式。one, either, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to goto university.So do I. A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是“each”，“of the students”作后置定语，修饰“each”。由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. was【解析】答案为D。主语是“every boy and girl”表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择“was”。A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were【解析】答案为A。此题中“and”连接的第二个名词“artist”前没有加冠词，说明指的是同一个人，应为单数。定语从句中的主谓一致He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been【解析】答案为D。“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是“the only one”，定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，又结合时间状语“for three years“可知应使用现在完成时。quantities of+名词作主语时的主谓一致With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A.is washing away B.is being washed awayC.are washing away D. are being washed away【解析】答案为D。一般讲“quantities of“不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of与a number of的区别As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days.A.was keeping B.keep C.keeps D.were keeping【解析】答案为C。在“the number of +复数名词”中主语是“the number（数量）”，谓语动词用单数，根据语境，应使用现在时。Nowadays,a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A.is working B.works C.work D.worked【解析】答案为C。a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和时间状语Nowadays可知应使用一般现在时。分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A.is B.are C.was D.were【解析】答案为D。“one-third”是指“20台笔记本中的三分之一”，表示复数意义；根据语境，前后是今昔对比的描述，空格处应使用过去时。【答案】_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth; is B.Two fifth; areC.Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; are【解析】答案为C。分子大于“1”时，作分母的序数词要用复数形式，并且分数修饰的是不可数名词“land”，谓语动词用单数形式。倒装句中的主谓一致At the foot of the mountain _. A.a village lie B.lies a villageC.does a village lie D.lying a village【解析】答案为B。这是一个全部倒装的句子，主语是“a village”。On top of the books_the photo album youre looking for.A.is B.are C.has D.have 【解析】答案为A。作表语的介词短语放在句首时，使用全部倒装语序，句子的真正主语不是“books”，而是“the photo album”。表示抽象概念的名词或词组作主语时的主谓一致A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are【解析】答案为B。主句中的主语是“A survey”为单数，后有“of”短语作定语分隔；从句中的主语是“threehours”，是表示时间段的名词词组，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。一些单复数形式相同的名词如作主语时的主谓一致Every possible means _to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are usedC.has been used D.have been used【解析】C。答案为“means”前有“every”修饰，说明是单数；根据语境，此处应使用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的结果或影响。由连词“or， eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also，whetheror”等连接并列主语时的主谓一致（遵循就近一致原则）Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand outWe live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A.isB.are C.has been D.have been 【解析】答案为A。主语“time”和谓语动词之间插入了“of”短语作定语来迷惑考生，必须分析句子成分和结构才能慧眼识别出主语为“the time”。The father as well as his three children_skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going【解析】答案为C。本题的主语是“father”，“as well as”短语是插入成分，其后的名词不是主语的一部分。2009年1.（天津卷） Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure【答案】C【解析】句意：我试图打破起床太晚这个习惯。 Tradition表示“传统”；convenience表示“方便”；habit表示“习惯” ；leisure表示“消遣，娱乐”，根据句意，应选C。2. （安徽卷）China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge【答案】A【解析】四个近义词来区分.从句意及空格后面的介词入手，表达“中国在上面有着较好的声誉”应接介词for。influence后接on。impression后接on。knowledge后接of.3.(福建卷)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without anywhen the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration 【答案】A【解析】delay：耽搁，延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑，体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时，世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。4.(湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character【答案】D【解析】根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。5.(湖北卷) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本，这是下课的暗示，选项中只能选择signal。chance“机会”，mark“分数，痕迹”，measure“方法，措施”。6.(江西卷)The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms【答案】C【解析】根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。7.(山东卷) He says that my new car is a _ of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste 【答案】D【解析】lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。8. (陕西卷) Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation【答案】B【解析】stage：舞台，时期，阶段；position：位置；condition：条件，情况；situation：形式，情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。9.(浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passageC. wayD. approach【答案】A【解析】句意：人们设计这个系统是为了让学生快洁地使用图书馆的数字资源。 passage 意为 “文章；走廊”；way 是“方法、方式”； approach 也指“方式；接近”；access 指“入口、通路”，常和介词to 连用，可知选A符合。10. (四川卷)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was【答案】B【解析】A together with B作主语时谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代Reading Skills，由于Reading Skills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。11.（湖南卷）Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be 【答案】B【解析】Either or. 连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students 谓语应用单数形式。12.（江苏卷）The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。population是集合名词，或集体名词，即看成一个整体，所以谓语动词用单数形式。句子说的是江苏现在的人口数量和以及增长，用完成时表示现在的状态。13.（江西卷）At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area.A. is B. are C. will be D. were【答案】A【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据at present =now 可知，应用一般现在时。14.(山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【答案】C【解析】本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 2019所以用完成时态。15.（陕西卷）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是Dr. Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer，表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。16.(四川卷)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 【答案】B【解析】A together with B作主语时谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代Reading Skills，由于Reading Skills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。2019年1. (安徽卷)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .A.hearing B.strength C.recognition D.measure【答案】C【解析】 hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量”；recognition意为“认出；识别；认识”；measure意为“测量；措施”。句意为“她变得认不出来了。”2.(湖北卷)This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle【答案】C【解析】此题不仅考察学生对于四个选项的认知，更重要的是要理解句子的含义。“这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型的人群。”“a range of ”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲，这个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。“for”引导原因状语从句，“that”引导定语从句。 3.(湖北卷)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A.occupation B.furniture C.equipment D.accommodation【答案】D【解析】accommodation表示“住处”；occupation表示“占用”或者“工作，职业”；furniture表示“ 家具 ”；equipment表示“设备，器材”。正确答案D。4.(江苏卷)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization【答案】B【解析】 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。contribution是贡献的意思。civilization是文明的意思。5.（江西卷）Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n)of 40,000 per year.A. average B. number C. amountD. quantity【答案】A【解析】a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, 既可以修饰可数也可以修饰不可数名词。an average of表示“平均”的意思。6.(山东卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter【答案】A【解析】句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。7.(天津卷)James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position【答案】A【解析】make room for是固定搭配，意思是“为让出空间”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下来，为电视机腾出空间来。8.(浙江卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _ . A. solution B. target C. measure D. function【答案】A【解析】四个选项：solution解决的方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。句意：学校老师帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决方法。9.(湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have【答案】C【解析】根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。10.(四川卷)Such poets as Shakespearewidely read,of whose works, however,somedifficult to understand.A.are；are B.is；is C.are；is D.is：are【答案】A【解析】主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。 11.(全国卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn【答案】B【解析】 考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of .为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用单数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选B。2019年1.（湖北卷）“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with clearly _ in her voice.A. angerB. rudenessC. regretD. panic【答案】D【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂着明显的惊慌。anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。2.（湖北卷）Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition【答案】B【解析】根据句中的“现在我知道这是最好的决定”，可知“放弃工作重新参加全职教育是一个很大的投入。”，故答案为B。句意：放弃我的工作重新参加全职教育是一个很大的投入，但现在我知道这是我曾经做出的最好的决定了。project意为“工程；项目”；commitment意为“投入；奉献；承诺”； competition意为“竞争；比赛”； ambition意为“雄心；志向”。3.（山东卷）Theres a _in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship【答案】A【解析】句意：我们办公室有个传统：轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。4.（江西卷）Whats the _, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? A. sympathyB. themeC. objectD. point【答案】D【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意：你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。5.（江苏卷）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence【答案】C【解析】为了保持专业能力，老师需要不断地更新他们的知识。competence“能力”，符合句意。consequence“结果”，independence“独立”，intelligence“智力”，均不符合句意。6.（浙江卷）Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my _. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【解析】选项emotions情绪；regulations规程；opinions意见，因此选principles原则最合句意。句意：无论如和，我不能骗他这违背我的原则。7.（福建卷）The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major_of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【答案】B【解析】“公众缺乏环保的习惯”和“全球气候变化”二者之间是因果关系，所以用cause。句意：公众缺乏环保的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。8.（四川卷）Always remember to put such dangerous things as lives out childrens _. A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance【答案】C【解析】out of/beyond ones reach为固定用法，意为“某人够不到”，符合句意。touch触摸，接触；sight视力，视野；distance距离。句意：时刻记住把诸如刀子之类的危险物品放在孩子们够不到的地方。9.（安徽卷）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which_saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】D【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。非限制性定语从句中的主语rest意为“其余的”，谓语动词应与of后的名词一致，而which指代先行词materials，故谓语用复数；定语从句中的谓语应与主句中的谓语动词used一致，故用过去时态。从时态和主谓一致两方面考虑，选择D项。句意：该工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其它用途。10.（湖南卷）One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 【答案】A【解析】分数、百分比、the majority of, the minority of等结构的单复数取决于其后面所跟的名词的单复数。the country是单数，而the citizens是复数，故选A。11.（江苏卷） 22. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places_ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting【答案】B【解析】考查时态及主谓一致。首先解析句子结构，题干中that so many people still smoke in public places为the fact的同位语，主语为the fact，所以谓语用单数形式；that we may need a national wide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking是宾语从句，而原句中缺少谓语动词，可排除D选项;根据句意“还是有那么多的人在公共场合吸烟这个事实说明我们需要一个广泛的全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害性的认识”，这是现在的情况，用一般现在时即可。1. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest_.A. interruption B. instructionC. consideration D. convenience【答案】D【解析】这里表示“请在你方便的时候尽早给我回复”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表达，表示“在你方便的时候请尽早”，符合语境。interruption打断；instruction 指导，指示；consideration 考虑。2. If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n)
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