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人与环境、人与动植物I .阅读理解AMillions of monarch butterflies （帝王蝶）once covered the trees of Californias coastal areas each winter, but now their numbers are decreasing. The recent annualWestern Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percentfrom populations 40 years ago.Monarch butterflies have two populations : eastern and western varietiesseparated by the Rocky Mountains. The populations are very similar in appearance,but western monarch butterflies are generally smaller and darker in color. The twoalso follow different migration （迁徙）patterns. Eastern monarch butterflies spendwinter in Mexico, while western ones gather on central California coasts to waitout the cold.In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward. Bythe time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed （繁殖）.A butterflycan lay hundreds of eggs in a few weeks, and the new generation continues themigration. The cycle of generations and migration repeats every few weeks throughthe summer until the butterflies move as far as Idaho. And when the weather turnscold and the days get shorter, the butterflies return to California s coasts.The overwintering population was counted every year. The missing information isthe time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breedin February, March and April. We just don t know what they? re doing in that middleperiod and how we can better support the population, ” said Washington StateUniversity biologist Cheryl Schultz. uMaybe they re resting in the woods, or maybethey need more fuel along the way, etc. Any of those things might help monarchbutterflies get from the coastal overwintering sites to breeding sites broadly inthe Central Valley, ” Schultz added. To fill that gap, the researchers set up theWestern Monarch Mystery Challenge.The ten-week program asks the public to submit photographs of monarchbutterflies outside of their winter range. We couldn t be looking for monarchbutterflies right now without the involvement of the community. There just aren,t enough of us, ” Schultz said. Reaching out to the community means we might beable to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it. ”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。帝王蝶数量锐减，为了更好地保护它们，一些研究人员号召大众参与到他们的项目中以便保护它们。1. From Paragraph 1, we know monarch butterflies .A. are counted by researchers every decadeB. are in a very difficult situation nowC. have lost their home in CaliforniaD. have moved to new places解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的The recent annual . 99 percent frompopulations 40 years ago. ”可知，帝王蝶数量锐减，处境堪忧。2. What do the two varieties of monarch butterflies have in common?A. Their breeding places.B. Their appearance and size.C. Their way of fighting against cold.D. Their migration destination in winter.解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的In early spring, the two leave theirrest placesthey breed （繁殖）.”可知答案。3. Why was the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge set up?A. To know the exact number of monarch butterflies.B. To help monarch butterflies get through tough winters.C. To know better about monarch butterflies to help them.D. To find out the influence of human activities on monarch butterflies.解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The missing information . how we canbetter support the population 及最后一句 “To fill that gap, the researchers setup the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge.可知,是为了更好地了解它们以便保护它们。4. What do Schultz s words in the last paragraph show?A. It s challenging to make the community get involved.B. It s important to get help from the public.C. It s difficult to study monarch butterflies.D It s rewarding to learn from the public.解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“We couldn t be looking for monarchbutterflies right now without the involvement of the community . virtually no otherway to learn it.”可知，让大众参与到这个项目来很重要。BMalin Pinsky had the first of two lightbulb moments in 2003 while crossing DrakePassage. He was then standing on the bridge of a research ship and was scanning thesky for seabirds, which was one of his duties as a research technician on the cruise（乘船游览）. Just five months earlier he had finished college, where he studiedbiology and environmental science.As the ship entered nutrient-rich Antarctic waters, whales suddenly showed upall around the ship. That moment on the bridge helped him realize that the oceanlooks featureless from the top, but there s so much going on underneath.The second lightbulb moment hit him several months later. Pinsky was then anintern （实习生）in Washington, D. C. His job was making photocopies. It was aroundthe time when two big reports had come out. Both focused on what policies might bestpreserve U. S. ocean resources. I realized we have all these laws and policies thatdetermine how we as a society interact with the ocean. But they, re far out of date.We don t yet have the science to know what the new policy should be, ” Pinsky said.Today he runs a lab with about 20 workers. His team wants to seek how our changingclimate, as well as overfishing and habitat destruction, might be driving changesin fish and other animals in the sea. To find out, team members travel each year tocoral reefs near the Philippines. There, they carefully catalog populations ofdifferent fish. They collect data on the growth and mating of these fish, theirdiversity and other factors.“Pinsky s broad approach to the problem looking at species, where they liveand how fisheries are managed 一 is setting the pace for other scientists, saysKimberly Oremus, a fishery economist at the University of Delaware in Newark,“Pinsky is pushing the whole field to respond to his growing body of research. ”语篇解读：本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家Marlin Pinsky在两次突然醒悟的瞬间之后,带领着一个20人的团队致力于海洋生态环境的研究。5. What made Pinsky have the first lightbulb moment?A. The vastness of the ocean.B. The sight of seabirds in the sky.C. The view of Drake Passage.D. The appearance of whales around the ship.解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“whales suddenly showed up all aroundthe ship . . but there, s so much going on underneathv 可知,出现在船周围的鲸鱼让Pinsky有了第一次突然醒悟的瞬间。6. What did Pinsky realize when he was an intern in Washington, D. C. ?A. He needed to take more photos of oceans.B. He should do something to update ocean policies.C. The U S. ocean resources need to be better preserved.D There have already been perfect policies to preserve the ocean.解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I realized we have all these laws . . . Butthey re far out of date . . 及后文内容可知，Pinsky那时意识到现在还没有新的科学依据来帮助制定新的海洋政策，他觉得他可以有所作为。7. What does Pinsky s team focus on?A. The harm of overfishing.B. Features of different fish.C. Factors affecting ocean ecosystems.D. The reasons for global warming.解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的His team wants to seek how our changingclimate . changes in fish and other animals in the sea. ” 可矢口, Pinsky 的团队主要关注影响海洋环境的因素。8. What, s Kimberly Oremus, attitude towards Pinsky s research?A. Positive.B. Doubtful.C. Disapproving. D. Uninterested.解析：选A观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“.is setting the pace for otherscientists 及 “Pinsky is pushing the whole field to respond to his growing bodyof research.可知,Kimberly Oremus 对 Pinsky 的研究持肯定态度。II .阅读七选五Polar bears are beautiful animals that serve an important part of theecosystems. 1 And they are also losing range to the effects of global warming,which in particular affects the amount of sea ice. No wonder that the U. S. Fish andWildlife Service identified the rapid decline of sea ice as “the primary threat topolar bears” .2Removing even a single species can have potentially seriousconsequences. Polar bears are top of the line predators （捕食者）in areas where theylive. All large predators perform a very important function. 3 When an animalgroup loses its natural predators, overpopulation, sickness and mass die-offs canresult. A sudden increase in population of Arctic seals would have a direct effecton the prey of seals and could reduce numbers of certain types of fish.This could have a direct effect on humans._4_ If people want a morepeople-centered reason to save polar bears, it may be that the lack of polar bearscould eventually affect human food supply and commercial fishing industries. The ideathat no species, including humans, lives without depending on others might be themost important human reason to save this species.5 These include things like finding energy sources that don t give offgreenhouse gases, not making any more attacks on polar bears, and stopping drillingfor oil or natural gas in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge （ANWR）.A. An ecosystem is highly dependent on all of its parts.B. They feed on seal, fish and native populations of deer.C. They ve lost most of their home ground for human activities.D. They can help regulate and control the populations of other species.E. We humans do have responsibility to save the life on the planet Earth!F People might have to compete with Arctic seals for food supplies from fish.G. There are some things that may help slow warming trends and save polar bears.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。因为人类活动，北极熊已经失去了大部分的栖息地。文章说明保护北极熊的重要性及措施。1. 选C 根据空后一句可知，空处内容应是有关北极熊失去的东西的。“And”和“also”表明设空处与空后是并列关系。故C项“因为人类活动，它们已经失去了大部分的栖息地”符合语境。2. 选A根据空后一句及后面的举例可知，任何一个物种的缺失都可能会引起严重的后果。故A项“生态系统高度依赖于它的所有部分”符合语境。3. 选D根据空前一句及空后内容可知，所有的捕食者都在自己所生存的领域中扮演着重要角色，一旦失去它们，会导致很多问题的出现。故该空承上启下，说明的应是捕食者所扮演的重要角色，故D项“他们能帮助调节和控制其他物种的数量符合语境。4. 选F根据空前一句及空后的内容可知，海豹数量的激增会导致鱼类数量的减少，会给人类带来直接影响，F项（人类可能会与海豹竞争食物一一鱼类）直接承接上文direct effect on humans” ,并与下文最终影响人类的食物供应和渔业的发展衔接自然。故F项符合语境。5. 选G根据空后一句可知，本段主要说明的是保护北极熊的措施。故G项“有一些事情可能有助于减缓（气候）变暖的趋势，拯救北极熊”符合语境。空后的“These”与G项中的“some thingsn的对应关系亦是提示。III.短文改错Last weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river, where is two miles awayfrom my home by bike. When we were about to return for home, we found one of our bikelost. We were really nervous then. Asking about the lost bike, nobody told the truthexcept me. And to my surprise, my parents don, t scold me. Instead, they said I wasa honest boy. I have benefited great from my family rules. Im not the best atschoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to making friendswith me. It helps me know better about uHonesty is the best policy.答案： 第一句：wherewhich第二句：去掉 for; bikebikes第四句：AskingAsked第五句:AndBut/Yet; don tdidn t第六句:aan第七句:great greatly第八句:but 后加1 my; makingmake
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