资源描述
Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane CamilleTeaching Aims1.To know the writing techniques of a narrative2.To be acquainted with some literary terms of narration3.To learn to use words to describe disasters and violence4.To appreciate the language features5.To learn to write a story about disastersTeaching ContentsI. Background knowledgeII. The literary styleIII. Detailed study of the textIV. Organizational patternV. Language featuresVI. Questions for group discussionNatural Disastersearthquakeflooddroughthurricanetornadotyphoonsandstormsnowstormsnowslidelandslidetsunamivolcanic eruptionBrainstormingWarming-up Activitiesu How dangerous are they?u Have you ever been in Hurricanes? Or have you ever been confronted with any natural disaster? How do you feel? Exchange your ideas.u What do you think you would do first if you were confronted with Hurricanes?I. Background KnowledgeHurricane, typhoon, stormNaming of hurricanes and typhoonsHurricane Camille, BetsyI. Background Knowledge1. Hurricane: A Hurricane is a tropical storm in which winds attain speeds greater than 75 miles per hour (120 km). The term is often restricted to those storms occurring over the North Atlantic Ocean. (insipint初期的初期的2. Typhoon/cyclone:Similar storms occurring over the West Pacific Ocean and China Seas are called typhoons.Those over the Indian Ocean are called tropical cyclones (旋风旋风).Tornado: a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground 一般只指开阔一般只指开阔”陆地上陆地上“形成的形成的”龙卷风龙卷风“，规，规模一般比模一般比hurricane 小。小。 A storm is named when it reaches tropical storm strength with winds of 39 mph, and becomes a hurricane or typhoon when its wind speed reaches 75 mph. 75 m.p.h.storm39 m.p.hHurricane/typhoonThe National Weather Service of the United States has used girls names to identify hurricanes in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico since 1953 and the names were given in alphabetical order.3. How are Hurricanes Named?Each name on the list starts with a different letter, for example, the name of the very first hurricane of the season starts with the letter A, the next starts with the letter B, and so on. The letters Q, U, X, Y and Z, however, are not used. How are Hurricanes Named?A semi-permanent list of 10 sets of names in alphabetical order was established in 1971. This practice of giving girls names to hurricanes changed recently. In 1980 a hurricane was given a mans name and was called Hurricane David. How are Hurricanes Named?They also began using French and Spanish male and female names at this time. Hurricane season usually starts on June 1 and ends on Nov. 30.Often when an unusually destructive hurricane hits, that hurricanes name is retired and never used again. Since 1954, forty names have been retired. In 1996 Hurricane Luis was retired.How are Hurricanes Named?Hurricane names are chosen from a list selected by the World Meteorological (气象的）Organization. There is actually one list for each of six years. In other words, one list is repeated every seventh year. How are Hurricanes Named?4. How are typhoons named?Typhoons are tropical storms that form over the Pacific Ocean north of the equator. Hurricanes are given girls names and typhoons are usually given serial numbers. Each of the 14 nations that typhoons affect submitted a list of names for a total of 141 names. The names include animals, flowers, astrological（星相学的）signs and a few personal names. Chinese names of typhoons consist of longwang, yutu, fengshen, dujuan, haima, wukong, haiyan, haishen, dianmu, haitang( 龙王，玉兔，风神，杜鹃，海马，悟空，海燕，海神，电母， 海棠） 5. Hurricane Camille Hurricane Camille is said to be the worst storm ever to hit mainland United States (except Hurricane Catrina,2005). With winds in excess of 200 mph and tides over 20 feet, Hurricane Camille smashed into the Mississippi Gulf Coast on Sunday night, the 17th of August and continued its devastating path until the early hours of Monday, the 18th. The combination of winds, surges, and rainfalls caused 256 deaths (143 on the Gulf Coast and 113 in the Virginia floods) and $1.421 billion in damage. Three death were reported in Cuba. Hurricane Betsy is the storm lashing Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana in 1965 from Sept. 7-10, causing the death of 74 persons.Hurricane BetsyII. The literary style1. Type of literature: A piece of _.Simply defined, narration is the telling of a story.A piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual _ sequence. The writer tells the readers what happens first and what next.timenarration2. The literary termsnarration - story telling extended narration - novels histories biographies autobiographies traveloguesLiterary terms of narration:Protagonist (主角) - leading characterAntagonist (反面主角) - the people or forces protagonists fight against Suspense (悬念) - the state of uncertaintyInterposition (插入) - the passage which is put between the actionThe purpose is to add more information to create suspenseFlashback (倒叙，闪回) -interruption of chronological sequence by interjection of events of earlier occurrenceClimax (高潮) - the most exciting, important interesting part on the storyDenouement deinu:m (小说或戏剧的结局) - the ending of a storyl A good story has a beginning, a middle and an end, even though it may start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.l Organization: -beginning -development -climax -end 3. The essentials of narration:1) _ (time & place)2) _3) _SettingCharactersPlot time place character (protagonist/antagonist) action (incidents, events, etc.) conflicts (suspense, tension) climax denouement The essentials of narration:Narration revolves around people, called characters, in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves.Narration is concerned with action (情节), with life in motion, with a meaningful series of actions. nThe actions, that is, incidents and events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings (Chronological order).nBut it can also start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings. This is called flashback.lIn the story the leading character is called the hero or protagonist and the people or forces he fights against is called the antagonist or the enemy. lAs the conflict develops, suspense and tension increase until the highest point or the climax of the struggle is reached. l After the climax, the story quickly moves to a conclusion, which is sometimes called a denouement. l Action (plot) usually dominates narration; however, some narratives focus on character, theme (the idea behind the story), or atmosphere (the mood or tone). 4. Organization ( discussion) ： How many parts does the article fall into? Analyze the structure.OrganizationPart I (paras. _)Introduction - _Part II (paras. _) development & climax - struggle against hurricane climax (para 27)Part III (paras. _) conclusion - the scene and relief work after the storm1- 6setting of the story7 2728-39Introductory (para.1 6)- time- place- background - conflict: man versus hurricanes- main character: John Koshak Jr.The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story and gives logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing the incidents in detail and vividly, showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught (attack) of the hurricane.l Development (paras.7 27)The writer describes these actions in the order of their occurrence. This natural time sequence or chronological order holds the story together. The storm reaches its climax in Paragraph 27 and from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion. The family survived the storm.In the last Para the writer states his theme behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: “We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.” 5. Theme _are more important than_.Human livesmaterial possessions ThemeMan vs. NaturePart I Setting of the StoryIII. Detailed study of the textu What are the first 6 paragraphs mainly about?u Whats the meaning of “face to face”? What do you think of the wording of the title?u What was John Koshak Jr. s job?u What are the reasons for Johns decision of staying instead of fleeing?u What preparations did they make? Paragraphs 1- 6l What are the first 6 paragraphs mainly about?l timel placel charactersl conflict: man versus naturel suspense: the coming of a violent hurricaneDiscussion on the title:face to face (with): confronting each otherThe confrontation is generally connected with something dangerous, difficult or hard to resolve. Connoting a sense of _ E.g. face to face with the enemy, the tiger, the problem, etc.The heading presents the article as _ and as _ as possible to attract the attention of would-be readers.urgency and danger vividlyforcefullyPara.1 uDoes Para. 1 have a topic sentence? How is the Para. developed? Whats the function of the last sentence?Jr.Jr. is the _ of “junior”. This term is generally used in the United States and is put after the name of a _ to indicate he has the same first name as his father. The term Sr. (senior) is sometimes put after the name of the father. This is done only with mens names.abbreviationsonIf the name continues into the third generation, Roman numerals (I., II., III., etc.) are used.This happens mainly among big, rich, upper class families.e.g., John Rockefeller I, John Rockefeller II, and John Rockefeller III.Warnings had sounded:- Radio and television had broadcast warnings about the hurricane.The National Weather Service of the United States broadcast warnings of potential hurricanes.August 17: Hurricane Camille devastated (destroy) the area for two days August l7, l8. Gulf of Mexico: Most hurricanes in this area are formed over the Caribbean Sea and they move over the Gulf of Mexico to strike the gulf states of the US-Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, etc.lash - to strike with great force; to move violently or suddenlye.g. The waves lashed the rocks. The rain was lashing against the windows.pummelpml : to beat suddenly; to attack vigorously; or to hit with repeated blowsIt was certain.the Koshaks lived: u -The Koshaks will have to put up with many onslaughts of the fierce storm. Gulfport: seaport in Miss. Miss.: abbreviation for Mississippi the Koshaks: When an s is added to a surname and used with the definite article the, the term, then, stands for the whole family. e. g. the Koshaks: the Koshak family, all the Koshaks in the family the Browns: the Brown familyFled inland to safer ground: - Ran away from the coast to the interior of the country where they would be safer.safer ground: The hurricane loses force as it blows inland and people away from the coast are safe from tidal waves caused bythe hurricane.coastal communities: people living together in towns, cities, villages, along the coastaged 3 to 11: The youngest child was three years old and the eldest 11 years old. The other five were older than 3 and younger than 11. ( How many people are there in the big family?)endanger: pose a threat to; present a danger toA war endangers millions of lives. 战争危及无数人的生命。 His health is endangered by overwork. 他的健康因劳累过度而受到损害。Para.1: Summary l Topic sentence: John Koshak Jr. knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad.l How is the paragraph developed? -The topic is supported by facts or reasons showing how John Koshak Jr. knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad.l What are the facts? - radio and TV warnings; a lot of coastal people fled inland lThe function of the last sentence: serving as a transition leading to the next point: Why the decision was made - not to abandon his home. Introducing the other charactersWho are together with the Koshaks: u Johns parents and Charles HilluJohn Koshaks parents left California and came to Gulfport to live with their son. u In capitalist countries especially in the U. S., children, when they grow up and start working, generally live away from their parents. (cultural difference) Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787. Its nightclubs and casinos (娱乐场) are world famous.Revenue (收入) from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of its economy. Las VegasPara. 3-4What is this part mainly about?John, 37: elliptical sentence- John, who was 37 years old,Whose business was right there in his home: - His business office, workshop, etc. were all in his home. right : exactly all of Magna Products. on the first floor: Magna Products: name of the company owned and run by John Koshak Jr. correspondence: letters engineering drawings: diagrams and sketches for machines art work: designs, models, pictures for the various toys first floor: in U. S., the ground floor; in Europe and Great Britain, the floor above thisHurricane Betsy - the storm lashing Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana in 1965 from Sept. 7-10, causing the death of 74 persons demolish: destroy; ruin; pull down; tear down; smash to piecesDemolish/ destroy/raze/annihilateannihilatenaileit v. kill in large numbers Koshak had moved his family to a motel: motel: a hotel specially built for travelling motorists, made up of separate rooms or small houses, each with space for a cara blend (合成词), formed by combining parts of mo (torist) + (ho) tel (initial of one and end of the other)Blends motel (motor+hotel)汽车旅馆boatel (boat+hotel) 气艇游船旅馆brunch (breakfast + lunch)早餐午餐并一顿吃chunnel (channel + tunnel) 运河地下道、水底铁路隧道slurb (slum + suburbs) 市郊贫民区talkthon ( talk + marathon) 冗长的演说sitcom (situation + comedy ) 情景喜剧comint ( communications + intelligence) 通讯情报sportscasters ( spots + broadcaster) 体育节目广播员masscult (mass + culture) 平民文化magalog ( magazine + catalog) 杂志目录We re elevated 23 feet: -In British English one would probably say We re 23 feet above sea level.We re a good 250 yards from the sea: - Were at least 250 yards distant from the sea. a good: meaning at least”, fulle. g. we waited a good six hours.我们足足等了三个小时我们足足等了三个小时.从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程.他父母亲狠狠地揍了他一顿他父母亲狠狠地揍了他一顿.The place has been here. ever bothered it: (Personification)- The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.we can batten down and ride it out: - Metaphor, comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea- We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. batten: n. a strip of wood used in construction and often used in the old days in ship building 压条;条板battern down: v. to fasten canvas（帆） over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm 用板条钉住;封舱 batten down the hatchesride it out: (of a ship) to stay afloat during a storm without too much damage; last safely through (bad weather)意为抵挡住（狂风等的）袭击，不受多少损伤的坚持到最后脱险 Reasons for stay1.He didn t think his family was in any real danger. His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it stood only a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. His present house was in a better condition than his former house. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else.2. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.3. He is a self-employed businessman.Implication: How great the loss would be if the house was destroyed.4. He has a big family. It would be very difficult to move the children and old couple. What preparations did they make? What for?What preparations did they make? Topic sentence in Para.4 methodically Filled bathtubs and pailsfor water Checked out batteries and flashlightsfor lights Portable radiofor contact of the outside world, for information Fuelfor electric power Generatorfor power Refrigeratorfor foodThe men methodically prepared for hurricane: - Topic (the following are the facts to illustrate the topic) - The men in the house made all the necessary preparations to fight the hurricane and they went about their work in a systematic and orderly manner.Since water mains. and pails: - They were afraid the water supply might be cut off so they filled the bathtubs and pails with water. main: a principal pipe, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.Supporting detailsA power failure. for the lantern: power failure: a breakdown in the supply of electricity check out: to examine (the batteries and fuel) and see if they were all rightJohns father moved . to the refrigerator generator: generator: a dynamo; a small machine for producing electricity wired several light bulbs: connected several light bulbs by wire to the generator; when the generator produced electricity, these bulbs would light up. prepared a connection: Preparations were also made to connect, when necessary, the refrigerator to the generator. gray clouds. on the rising wind:scud: run or move swiftly; glide or skim along easily 疾行，飞驰；掠过 scudded in: driven inland by the wind Gulf: the Gulf of Mexico rising wind: wind that was getting stronger and stronger - The speed of these clouds is an indication of the swiftness with which the storm is approaching.A neighbor. with the Koshaks; whose husband was in Vietnam. - This was l969. The husband of this neighbor was in the American army fighting in Vietnam.sit out the storm: to stay until the end of the stormVietnam War a prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States. Another neighbor. of his dog?: - The dash in this sentence indicates that some words have been left out and the structural pattern has been changed from a statement to an indirect question. The sentence might read as follows: Another neighbor came by on his way inland and asked if the Koshaks would mind taking care of his dog. come by: American English, to pay a visit破折号后的部分既非直接引述邻人的原话，破折号后的部分既非直接引述邻人的原话，也没按间接引述的要求转述邻人的问话，也没按间接引述的要求转述邻人的问话，而保留直接问话的形式，其意在于既节省而保留直接问话的形式，其意在于既节省文字，又从中显出邻人那种形色匆匆，慌文字，又从中显出邻人那种形色匆匆，慌不择言的狼狈相，让人感到一种紧张迫切不择言的狼狈相，让人感到一种紧张迫切的气氛，也烘托出即将来临的飓风的凶猛的气氛，也烘托出即将来临的飓风的凶猛可怕。可怕。Part II Struggle against CamilleParas.7-27The writer sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.DevelopmentFocus of the study: 1) diction: use of one-syllable words descriptions of wind, hurricane ( water, destruction force) house (roof, wall, window, floor, stairs) 2) sentence level: use of short and elliptical sentences 3) translation of passive sentences (para.19) 4) understanding the mind of people at crisis.Questions (Para.7):What does the word “whip” (Wind and rain whipped the house) mean?What are “storm-shattered panes”?Whats the implied meaning of the sentence “the wind mounted to a roar”?What are the words the author used to describe wind?“Wind and rain whipped the house.”- Strong wind and rain was lashing or striking the house as if with a whip.Here “whip” is used metaphorically.Wind and rain act like a person. (Personification)stay away: keep far away from; not to go nearconcerned about: anxious, uneasy, worried aboutglass flying from storm-shattered panes small pieces of glass flying around in the air when the panes of a window are shattered by the storm. shatter: break suddenly in pieces; severely damage or utterly destroy 砸碎；彻底破坏Stay away. storm-shattered panesThe wind mounted to a roar: The sound of the wind gets louder as the force of the wind increases. The roaring sound indicates the wind has reached hurricane strength (over 75 mph).mount - go up or advance seemingly - apparently; as ifWith mops. spreading water: - The house was leaking very
展开阅读全文