辨别下列从句

名词性从句讲解与练习名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，它既是高中英语教学的重点与难点，又是高考的热点。名词性从句侧重考查学生在一定的语言环境中对该类从句的语序，从句连接词的运用以及主从句时态的呼应等知识的掌握。辨别下列从句1.Whether he will come or not is unknown. 2.Its unknown whether he will come or not.3.I dont know whether or not he will come.4.The question is whether he will come or not 5.That he has won the prize is true. 6.I know that he has won the prize.7.The fact is that he has won the prize.8.The fact that he has won the prize is true.9.What he said at the meeting is reasonable.10.I dont know what he said at the meeting.11.I asked him what he said at the meeting.12.This is what he said at the meeting.13.I have no idea what he said at the meeting.II 名词性从句的引导词很多，归纳起来分为一下三类。 1 连接词。只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何句子成分。如that, whether, if.注意：在主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中表“是否”之意时，要用“whether”不用“if”. 2 连接代词。既起连接作用，本身又作从句中的主语，宾语，表语或定语，如who,whom,whose,which,that. 3 连接副词。既起连接作用，本身又作从句中的状语，如when,where,how,why.考点一 that与what, what与which 在引导名词性从句时的区别。1 that与whatthat在引导名词性从句时，不在从句中作成分，不含任何意义，只起连接作用，在句首时不可省略。what在引导名词性从句时，既起连接作用，又要在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，在任何情况下它都不能省略，它有具体意义，表示“所-的（物，事，话等）”或“-的”相当于all that, everything that.例如：1)What you have done might do harmful to others. 2) I think (that) you will like the stamps.2 What与which what与which在引导名词性从句中，都要在从句中作成分，都有实际意义，但是which在名词性从句中表选择，而what表意较笼统。注意whichever, whatever在引导名词性从句时的区别与它们相同。例如：1）What we cant get seems better than what we have.（表意笼统） 2) Here are 5 pairs, can you tell me which you would like to buy?（表示从供选的5双中作选择）1）（2012湖北，80）Things arent always _they appear.事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。2)(2011湖北，76)_delighted the fans was that the younger player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.令球迷欣喜的是这位年轻的选手在兵乓联赛中表现很好。 用that .what. which 填空1. - Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree ?- 0f course. I have. It was in our village _it was made.A. that B. where. C. when D which2.Our teacher always tell us to believe in _we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A why B how C what D which3.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are build close to each other .A they B where C what D that 4.Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases. A what B which C that D where5._Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness . A Which B What C That D Whom6. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course made all the others upsetA who B which C what D that 7 .Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is.A what B that C which D why8.Its not what we do once in a while _shapes our lives. But what we do consistently. A which B that C how D when9.Its not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _benefits our work most. A who B which C that D what10.The Guinness company hired two Englishmen to write _later became the Guinness Book of World Records.11.Iron came later in _was called the Iron Age.12.Zheng Hes first stop was in _is today a part of Vietnam.13.Im satisfied _ _ you have done is right.14. After _ seemed like two hours to us , we arrived there.15. _ is known to us all is _ the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.16.It is natural _ they should have different views.17. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.考点二 wh-引导的名词性从句与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别。1) Whatever,whoever,whichever=anythinganybody that 引导名词性从句时，往往比what,who,which 更强调，不表示疑问意义，表示的是一种泛指关系。 2）whatever,whoever,whichever=no matter what,who,which引导让步状语从句时表示“无论是什么谁哪一个，主从句间往往有逗号连接。 3）when可引导定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句，引导词在从句中作状语表时间。Whenever=no matter when 引导让步状语从句 4）however=no matter how 引导让步状语从句，how可修饰形容词，副词来引导名词性从句how在从句中作方式状语。 用 no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter where, wherever, what ,how, when ,however,填空1. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was.3. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the National championships.4. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales?5. _ want to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.6. _ happy I am , I never seem to be able to finish off the loaf of bread.7. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves _ we are to shake hands with.8 _way you do it, it has the same result.9 _he got it remains unknown to us.10 _problems you have, you can always come to me for help.11 _ we need is more practice.12 _well begin the party is still a question.13 _you like to come, Ill be glad to see you .14 _cold it is, she always goes swimming.考点三 it用于代替主语从句或宾语从句 为了使句子平衡，英语中常用it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而不把主语从句或宾语从句后置，注意作形式主语或宾语的代词只能为it,而不能为thisthat 等，一般不可省略。 That从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有： 1 It +be + 形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, 等)+that从句 1) It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 2) It is probable that he told her everything. 2 It +be+ 名词词组（no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise,等）+ that从句 1) It”s a pity that we can”t go. 2) It”s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 3 It +be +过去分词（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged等）+that 从句 1) It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 2) It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. That从句作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，能用that从句作宾语的动词有：make, find, discover, think, consider, 等 1 We think it probable that he was dead. 2 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 3 He has made it clear he will not give in.练习：（2011湖北 78）1 _that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.( occur ) 他突然想到第二天上午他有一个重要的会议要参加。（2011 江苏，26）2 _why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. (clear) 老人没有立马报案的原因尚未查明。 （2012 江西 25）3 _that he had left his keys in his office.(occur) 他突然想到，他把钥匙忘在办公室了。考点四：that, if 与whether的选择。That 引导的名词性从句往往表达一个statement或 fact，不含疑问意义，而表示疑问时要用if 或whether，1) I doubt if/whether the speeches will be good.2) I dont doubt that she will go over the lessons. 3) I wonder if hell come to meet us.4) It is no wonder that hell come to meet us.If 和whether 都可以引导宾语从句，并可以互换。但是在下列情况下只用whether:1) 介词后的宾语从句2) 主语从句，表语从句，同为语从句3) 在whether or not 引导的宾语从句中4) Whether后接不定式短语。练习（2012天津9）It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossing -both roads lead to the park.在十字路口往右还是左，这没有多大关系，两条路都通往公园。考点五：同为语从句与定语从句的区别。 同为语从句一般位于某些抽象名词之后，如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem,等对这些名词起补充作用，that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略，另外也可用where, how ,when等词引导。 定语从句是对前面的内容进行修饰，限制，引导词在从句中作句子成分，有时可以省略。练习： 1）（2012上海35）Despite the fact_, the explorers continued towards the goal.(lack) 尽管缺乏食物，但探险者们继续向目标进发。 2）（2012浙江4） I made a _this year ,my first year in high school, would be difference.(promise) 今年我对自己承诺，我在高中的第一年将会不一样。 3）（2011天津13）Modern science has given clear evidence _many diseases. (lead) 现代科学已给出明确证明吸烟能导致许多疾病。 考点六：名词性从句中的语序名词性从句中除了连接词在从句之首外，其他部分应保持陈述语序，不能受when ,where, how, why, 等的影响。Can you tell me _ a scholarship.(apply)你能告诉我怎样才能申请到一份奖学金。名词性从句专练2013高考题1.(课标卷I)26. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what2.( 北京卷)31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. ThatB. WhatC. WhoD. Which3.(北京卷)33.Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. whyB. whereC. thatD. what4.(天津卷)15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What5.(上海卷)33. I have no idea _ the cell phone isnt working, so could you fix it for me? A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which6.(上海卷)40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in _ they are wearing. A. thatB. whatC. howD. which7.(重庆卷)28. struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. It C. What D. Which8.(安徽卷)21.From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether9.(湖南卷)28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. howB. thatC. whichD. where10.(江西卷)30._ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Wherever11.(山东卷)30. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 12.(陕西卷)20.It remains to be seen_ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A .that B. which C. what D. whether 13.(四川卷)6._ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A. When B. How C. What D. That14.(浙江卷)16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. that C. which D. whether2012年高考1.（安徽，27）The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why2.（浙江，4）I made a promise _ this year, my first in high school, would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how3.（全国I，24）It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what4.（上海，40）The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place.A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however5.（重庆，34）Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that6.（湖南，26）Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when7.（福建，35）We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever8.（北京，24）Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether9.（天津，9）It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park. A. whether B. how C. if D. when10.（江西，25）It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that11.（陕西，20）As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. A. whatever B whichever C. whenever D. wherever12.（四川，17）Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether13.（辽宁，34）The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever14（山东，21）When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _. A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however15.（山东，25）It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why16.（江苏，27）The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. A. when B. that C. whether D. how17.（上海，34）There is much truth in the idea kindness is usually served by frankness.A. why B. which C. that D. whether18.（上海，38）Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. who B. that C. what D. which完成句子1. Word came from the earthquake-hit area in Yunnan_ in new houses. But they face difficult challenges associated with the need to find work. (settle)有消息从云南被地震袭击的地区传来，人们已经在新房安定下来。2(2008湖北)With the rapid development of science and technology, I cant imagine _ . (what)随着科技的迅速发展，我不能想象我的家乡会是什么样子。 3. （2009湖北）_ is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)任何计划好的事情，当一个人付诸实践的时候，肯定会改变。4. (2010湖北高考) The news _ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall) 房价要下跌的消息引起很多人以低价出售房屋。5. (2012湖北，80) Things arent always _ . (appear) 事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。6.(2013湖北，71) Knowing _ reduces the risks of failure and it works likes an insurance policy for your own ability. (do)知道你在干什么，能降低失败的风险，这就像给自己的能力买了份保险。7. (华师一附中五月模拟) With only two weeks left, students often ask the question _.(worth) 只剩下两个星期了，学生们经常问家庭作业是否值得做。8. (五月供题一) It is his firm belief that _ will not fail to quit such unhealthy habits. (value) 这是他坚定的信念，任何珍惜生命的人都不会失败地放弃这些不健康的习惯。9. (五月供题二) The Yellow Crane Tower stands in _. (call) 黄鹤楼挺立在被叫作武汉的地方10. My demand is that the information referred to in my report _ to Mr Smith without delay. (e-mail v.) 我的要求是我报告中谈到的信息刻不容缓地用邮件发给Mr Smith。11（八校联考二）When preparing for the exams, perseverance and efficiency are _to achieve good grades. (take)为考试做准备的时候，毅力和效率是获得好成绩所需要的品质。12. (四校联考) The 2010 Expo has brought about great changes in the city of Shanghai, so many visitors feel Shanghai is no longer _. (used) 2010世博会给上海市带来了巨大的变化，因此很多参观者感觉上海不再是过去的模样.13. (八市三月调考) _ two gold medals at the Asian Games held in Guangzhou made his family very proud. (win) 他在广州举行的亚运会上获得两枚金牌让他的家人很骄傲。 14. (同上) _ is that Africa had contacts with India from the earliest times. (know)众所周知的是从最早的时候非洲和印度有联系。15. (荆州质检) The star said he had hoped to win the Golden Horse Film Awards within 20 years, but _was that his dream was being fulfilled so soon. (shock)这位明星说他本来希望在20年内赢得金马奖，但是使他震惊的是梦想如此快地实现了。16. (部分重点中学联考二) _ science when she was young may have been due to her fathers influence. (become)她小时候对科学感兴趣可能是因为她父亲的影响。17. (八校联考一) The point I want to make is _ is rewarding, for it not only helps others, but also opens up opportunities for young people. (be) 我想说的观点是做一名志愿者是值得的，因为它不仅帮助别人，而且为年轻人拓展了机会。18. (部分重点中学期中联考) Living with cancer makes me realize _ . (precious) 忍受癌症让我意识到生命多么宝贵。19. (武汉中学12月月考) It remains a question _ the plan to be discussed at tomorrows meeting. (approve)他是否会赞同明天会议上要讨论的计划仍然是个问题。20. (11月调考) _ that this way of treating the disease is the most effective so far. (prove) 已经证明这种治疗疾病的方法是至今最有效的。21. (同上) The teacher was trying her best to clarify _. (confuse) 老师在尽力阐明使学生困惑的内容。22. (10月月考) _ by one company doesnt necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself. (lay)被公司解雇不一定意味着你没办法养活自己。23. Go and get your books. They are _ . (leave) 去拿你的书。他们在你原来放的地方。24. (高三起点考试) As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ to start a business here. (take) 作为一个新毕业生，他不知道在这儿建立公司需要什么。25. Mr. Smith insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ at the meeting. (discuss) Mr. Smith坚决要求值得关注的问题在会上讨论。26. (华师一附中五月模拟) _ makes his parents very worried. (attach)他不太重视学习让父母很担心。27. (黄冈期末) It doesnt make any sense to me _ the meeting tomorrow. (attend) 明天他是否参加会议对我没意义。 28. (08重庆) People in Chongqing are proud of _ in the past ten years.(achieve) 重庆的人们对他们在过去十年中取得的成就非常自豪。29. （2012部分重点中学联考）_ in the investigation was a great shock to everyone related. (confirm)在调查中得到证实的事让有关的每个人很震惊。30. (华师一附中适应性考试) A growing number of people express a strong desire _ another job to get more money to support their family.(take) 越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。31. (五月供题二) The representatives all applauded his proposal _ education. (access) 代表们赞同他的提案，即每个孩子都应有平等的机会接受教育。32. _ is nothing but an interesting book, one that can kill the time tonight. (need) 我需要的只是一本有趣的书，一本今晚可以消磨时间的书。33. After returning from Japan, he was often asked the question _ . (survive) 从日本回来后，他经常被问到他是如何在地震中逃生的问题。34 . _ this new policy will act as a brake on inflation we are faced with ? (possibility) 这项新政策有可能会抑制我们面临的通货膨胀吗？10