广州市2020届高三年级阶段训练题(英语)

广州市2020届高三年级阶段训练题英 语本试卷共 10 页，满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。 注意事项： 1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用 2B 铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型（B）。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。 2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。 3回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。 4考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读理解 ( 共两节，满分 40 分 ) 第一节 ( 共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分 ) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 AMama and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. Mama says all the dust is due to the drought. The dirt sifts into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive the truck because Papa fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor. When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we wear kerchiefs over our mouths so we dont breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mama put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in. Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. 请预览后下载！After lunch, Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while I played with Faye in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped. I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “I must warn Papa,” I thought to myself. To avoid her panicking, I gently told Faye to go back inside where she would be safe, and then headed off to the field. The storm hit so fast, and in an instant the day turned into night. By the time I entered the cow field the fine sand was whipping across my face. I screamed for Papa, hoping my voice would lead him back. The dirt and sand stung my skin like a thousand bees. Although I was terrified, I refused to turn back. My dad was stranded and needed my help. Covering my face with one hand, I groped my way toward the truck and opened the door. First I tried turning the trucks lights on and off, hoping that Papa would see them flashing, but the sandstorm let no light escape. Then I pushed the horn again and again, so Papa would hear it. I pushed until I had no more strength in my arms. Suddenly, Papas face appeared at the window. My heart leaped with surprise and relief. He opened the door and climbed onto the seat next to me. He then pulled me into his arms and said, “Oh, Iris, you saved me!” Finally, the wind subsided and the dust began to settle. Dirt was piled up to the window on one side of the truck and halfway up the door on the other. Papa kicked against the door, opening it far enough to let us out. Sand and soil drifts were everywhere, but we were safe. 21What is the main function of the first two paragraphs? 请预览后下载！AIt describes a problem the characters must solve. BIt establishes the setting where the story takes place. CIt introduces the characters that will follow in the story. DIt explains the motivations for the characters later actions. 22Why did Papa go to the field that Sunday? AHe was trying to get to his truck. BHe needed to prepare the field for harvest. CHe wanted to make sure the animals were fine. DHe planned to bring in the cattle before the storm. 23How did Iris save her father? ABy warning him to run away. BBy turning on the trucks lights. CBy guiding him towards the shelter. DBy screaming his name at the top of her voice. 24Which of the following words best describe Iris? ABrave and calm. BExperienced and confident. CAdventurous and careful. DFearless and sympathetic.请预览后下载！25What is true about the Milky Way? AThere are only stars inside it. BThere is a black hole at its center. CIts the biggest spiral galaxy in the universe. DIt takes 100,000 years to get there from Earth. 26Which of the following is the main factor in categorizing galaxies? AShape. BSize. CNumber of stars. DDistance from the sun. 27Which of the following galaxies can be classified as irregular? AWhale Galaxy similar to the Milky Way both in size and shape. BCygnus A (3C 405) Galaxy the brightest egg shape we can observe. CCigar Galaxy long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy cloud. 请预览后下载！DSunflower Galaxy galaxy with multiple arms radiating from its bright core. CThe Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world. This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East, and allowed the exchange of goods, technology, and ideas between the two civilizations. Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk. The main Silk Road started in Changan (known today as Xian), the early Han capital. Travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across Chinas northwestern provinces. After this, they would face the Gobi Desert, arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road. The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert. Like other deserts, the Gobi Desert is dry and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels. So, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there. Usually, the rest stops were placed within a days journey of each other. In this way, travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert, which would make them targets for 请预览后下载！robbers, another danger of the Silk Road. Once through the Gobi Desert, travelers would continue their journey into Iran, Turkey, and finally Europe. Whilst this part of the journey may have been less dangerous, it is not entirely without its perils. 28The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to _. Amaking huge profits Btraveling the Silk Road Cexchanging goods and ideas Dconnecting different civilizations 29Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts? AThe deserts surface was easier to walk on. BCamels for transportation were easier to find. CIt was smaller and could be crossed in less time. DThere were more natural water sources available. 30What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert? ATravelers were offered free accommodation. BThey were located around the edges of the desert. CTravelers staying there were often attacked by criminals. DThey were shared by travelers from different countries. 31What is the passage mainly about? AThe origins of the Silk Road. BThe benefits of the Silk Road. CThe difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers. DThe cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers. DLets begin with the story: King Hiero contracts the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes (阿 基米德) to detect fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown. Archimedes accepts the challenge 请预览后下载！and, during a subsequent trip to the public baths, realizes that the more his body sinks into the water, the more water is displaced making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume. Realizing he has hit upon a method to determine whether the Kings crown was made of gold or silver, the young Greek leaps out of the bath and rushes home naked crying “Eureka! Eureka!” Or, translated: “Ive found it! Ive found it!” Too bad, however, Archimedes probably never uttered the phrase in that way. First and foremost, Archimedes himself never wrote about this episode, although he spent plenty of time detailing the laws of buoyancy ( 浮 力 ). The oldest authority for the naked-Archimedes eureka story is Vitruvius, a Roman writer, who included the tale in his introduction to his ninth book of architecture. “Vitruvius may have gotten it wrong,” says Chris Schmitt, a mathematician at the University of Berlin and a self-described Archimedes fan. “The method attributed to Archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds right, but when you actually try it, you find that the real world gets in the way.” In fact, Schmitt is one of a long line of scientists, including Galileo, who have read the account and thought, “That cant be right.” As Galileo wrote, Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale. In fact, the surface tension of water can make the volume of a light object like a crown immeasurable. “There may be some truth to it,” Schmitt adds. “Archimedes did measure the volume of things but the eureka 请预览后下载！moment was maybe due to his original discovery concerning buoyance, not to sitting in the bathtub and then running through the streets naked.” Much like Newtons apple, the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story: a golden crown, a life in the balance, a naked mathematician. The suspect foundations of the eureka moment take nothing away from the words ability to uniquely and concisely convey the flash of inspiration. 32According to the first paragraph, how would Archimedes measure the volume of the crown? AHe would weigh himself with and without the crown. BHe would weigh the crown first and then put it into water. CHe would go to the public baths wearing the crown on his head. DHe would sink the crown into water and measure the water displaced. 33What did Galileo probably think of the naked-Archimedes eureka story? AHe believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation. BHe suspected Archimedes didnt run through the street naked. CHe doubted Archimedes carried out the experiment independently. DHe thought Archimedes would not have used the method described. 34What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? AThe word “eureka” is still widely used today. BThe word “eureka” is now a formal scientific term. CMost people accept the authenticity of the original story. DPeople are still inspired by the achievements of Archimedes. 35What is the purpose of this text? ATo introduce the famous scientist Archimedes. BTo examine the credibility of the eureka story. CTo explain how the word “eureka” was created. DTo urge people not to use the word “eureka” anymore. 第二节 ( 共 5 小题; 每小题 2 分，满分 10 分 ) 请预览后下载！根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Leonardo da Vinci and NatureIn the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardos time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 36 Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. 37 Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. 38 More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.” “Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. 39 His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature. 40 His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch 请预览后下载！a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world. ALeonardo was always drawing. BHow could these be connected with art? CLeonardos ideas were vastly ahead of his time. DMathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown. EAbove all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked. FYou will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper. GLeonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing. 第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空 白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Throughout my life, I was never very athletic. I wasnt really into 41 , sports orconflict. The only 42 I enjoyed were 43 things like watching TV and playing computer games. It was during my junior year in high school that I realized I needed a 44 . Myfriends were joining the long distance running club and 45 me to do it also. At my school, there were no qualification 46 ; every student was accepted. As everyone gathered around on the first day of practice, the 47 announced it wastime for “warm-up”. I imagined the warm-up would be a 48 jog around the 400-metre track. Isoon 49 it was a 1-km run. After completing the run, I was 50 ! I wondered, “If thats warm-up, whats next?” The 51 workout for the day was a 5-km run, which I mostly walked. When I came home, I really considered 52 . However, I 53 myself to keep at it and try harder. Of course, there was no real improvement 54 . I always came in last during practice and the first few 55 . As days and weeks went on, I really tried my best. During practice, I would always keep at the 请预览后下载！ 56 of the group; the fastest, more 57 runners were always ahead, while the laziest were behind. As the result of my 58 , warm-up became a realwarm-up. The 5-km runs transformed into an 59 day of practice. And I was no longer last in anything we did. For a former couch potato, like me, this was a(n) 60 . 41. A. rules B. arts C. competition D. schoolwork 42. A. procedures B. activities C. lessons D. programs 43. A. endless B. pointless C. important D. challenging 44. A. change B. rest C. team D. result 45. A. accompanied B. assisted C. required D. invited 46. A. trials B. alternatives C. opportunities D. reasons 47. A. competitor B. coach C. reporter D. referee 48. A. hard B. boring C. practical D. casual 49. A. decided B. suspected C. realized D. agreed 50. A. sent off B. taken away C. turned down D. worn out 51. A. real B. best C. expected D. fun 52. A. complaining B. quitting C. crying D. refreshing 53. A. convinced B. taught C. sent D. helped 54. A. actually B. gradually C. separately D. instantly 55. A. performances B. presentations C. races D. steps 56. A. middle B. top C. front D. bottom 57. A. popular B. confident C. serious D. relaxed 58. A. inspiration B. determination C. loyalty D. contribution 59. A. unimaginable B. avoidable C. easy D. optional 60. A. exception B. example C. promotion D. success 第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 请预览后下载！The novel coronavirus, now officially named Covid-19, is a new 61 (ill) and scientists are still studying the best ways to control it. Defeating Covid-19, 62 , is not only the job of scientists and doctors. People have an important role to play in the battle. The best way to help prevent the virus 63 (spread) is by protecting yourself and staying healthy. Scientists are now sure that Covid-19 is passed between people through coughing and sneezing. The virus travels through the air and can be breathed in by people nearby. It may also land 64 surfaces such as tables and chairs. If these surfaces 65 (touch), the virus may be on your hands. Touching your eyes or mouth with 66 (wash) hands can let the virus enter your body. 67 (protect) yourself and others, wear a mask at all times when out in public. This stops healthy people from breathing in Covid-19 and 68 (reduce) the amount of the virus ill people send into the air. Most importantly, wash your hands carefully and frequently, especially 69 you are outside your home. Covid-19 is undoubtedly a serious social challenge, but if we all contribute and behave 70 (responsible), it is one that we can overcome. 第四部分 写作 ( 共两节，满分 35 分 ) 第一节 短文改错 ( 共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 10 分 ) 请预览后下载！假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 The first a few weeks of the term are over and it has definitely been a new experience. Having school lesson online is something Ive only read about in articles where discuss future technology. Now I am living in the future! They took me some time to get used to my new Internet classroom. At first, I cant always hear what the teacher or my classmates was saying. Sometimes I wasnt well preparing. Slowly, however, I adapted the new learning environment but now things are going smoothly. Of course, I still miss seeing my classmates and play together outside. Hopefully, we can meet in person soon. 第二节 书面表达 ( 满分 25 分 ) 某英文杂志在其“互动栏目（Q & A）”刊出 Lora 的来信，欢迎读者就信中提到的问题 进行分析并提出建议。假定你是读者李华，请给 Lora 回信。 Dear editor, Im a senior high school student, and I want to read more books of classic literature. But some friends suggest I watch movies based on the books instead. What are the advantages of each approach and what do you suggest? Thanks! Lora 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 请预览后下载！2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。请预览后下载！ 英语参考答案第二部分21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D31. C 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. B 37. F 38. G 39. E 40. A第三部分 第一节41. C 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. D51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. D第二节 语法填空61. illness 62. however 63. spreading 64. on 65. are touched 66. unwashed 67. To protect 68. reduces 69. when/while/if 70. responsibly 说明：大小写错误不给分。第四部分 第一节 短文改错The first a few weeks of the term are over and it has definitely been a new experience.Having school lesson online is something Ive only read about in articles where discuss future lessons which/thattechnology. Now I am living in the future! They took me some time to get used to my new Internet Itclassroom. At first, I cant always hear what the teacher or my classmates was saying. Sometimes couldnt wereI wasnt well preparing. Slowly, however, I adapted the new learning environment but now things prepared to and are going smoothly. Of course, I still miss seeing my classmates and play together outside.