初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题

浅谈初中英语虚拟语气的用法一.语气的概念英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法 现象。从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人的意图，语气可分3种：直陈语气（又叫陈述语气） 一一用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑 问句或感叹句。祈使语气一一用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。虚拟语气见下面。语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。二.虚拟语气概念通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。动词形式 虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动 词be若用过去式时可以一律用 were。应用在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情 况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下：从句主句对现在或将来的情况假设时过去式would +动词原形对过去的情况假设时had + done （过去元成时）would + have + done例: 1） If I were you, I 'dear a shirt and tie.2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ?3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.4）If he hadn ' been strict with himself, he wouldn ' have made such progress.在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。例如：1） I wish that I could help him now.我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助 他2）I wish I could come here tomorrow.明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小）3）We wish he hadn ' gtone.他要是没有走该多好啊！用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。句型为：suggest（ed） that（should） +动词原形 （should可省略）1）He suggests that we（should） visit the museum.2）We suggested that hehere every day.A. come B. comes C. came D. can come E. could come虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1. 省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=lf you had asked me, )2. 有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如:A true friend would not do such a thi ng.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadn ' t helped me, )例句： Without your advice, our meeting wouldn' t have been so success过去 I(=>可转换为：If there hadn ' t been your advice, we Your notes are almost illegible ( 难以辨认的 ).Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read.将来 (=> 可转换为：if the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.过去(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor' s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recomme nd, dema nd,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that (should )动词原形 devide, ask, move, propose 等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smok ing.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smok ing.如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He in sists that he is right.2、 It is (was )+necessary, a pity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + impo rtant,natural, necessary, +that(should) +esse ntial, stra nge 等动词原形It is important that you (should) follow the doctor' s orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或 were 与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语+ 动词过去完成式一与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形一与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop sin ger. (=I am sorry I am not a pop sin ger.)I wish I had n ever stopped teach ing. (=I am sorry I stopped teach in g.)I wish they ' d let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：(1) We hope they will come,(We don ' t know if they can come.)(2) We wish they could come,(We know they are not comin g.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如： He acts as if nothing had happe ned.I would rat her you didn ' t tell him.5、It ' s (high) time that动词过去式或 should+动词原形，如：It ' s time (that) you had a hair cut.It ' s high time (that) we took some action.虚拟语气专项练习题(1) . If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. be B. was C. were D. am(2) . I do not thi nk those people are really En glish. If they were, theyspeak with French acce nts.A. don't B. will not C. must n'tD. would n't(3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?A. Were we leav ingB. If we leaveC. Would we leaveD. Were we to leave(4) . If Jonetomorrow, what would you do?A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5) .“ She did n't ask me, so I did n't help her?”“ You mean to say, you would've helped her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask youC.had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6) . They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them.A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7) . If they had known him,to him?A. would they have talked B. would they talkC.had they talkedD. they would talk(8) . If I lived in the city, Itravel in croweded buses, but Ito see lots of films.A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am ableC. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9) . I would have gone to the con cert, if Itime.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10) .I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Havi ng(11) .your help, I would not have succeeded.A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12) .“ What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“ Only that if hea milli on aire, he would have fewer worries.A. did not becomeB. had not becomeC. does not become D. has not become(13) .“ Why did n't you help him? ”"I would haveI did n't have the mon ey.A. still ” B. but C. otherwise D. or(14) .“ Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”"I suggest Wang Hong.”A. goes B. would goC. goD. went(15) . The housemaster was strict. He requested that wetelevisi on on week ni ghts.A. not watchB. must not to watchC. not be watch ingD. have not watch(16) . I can't speak Japa nese, but I do wish I. A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17) .“ Are you enjoying your stay here?'“ Yes, very much. I wish Ihave to leave so soon.”A. won'tB. don'tC. must n'tD. did n't(18) .“ What will you do duri ng the summer holidays?”"I don't know, but it's aDout timeon something.”A. I'm decidi ng B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided(19) . I'd rather youanything about it for the time being.A. say B. did n't sayC. don't say D. not say(20) .“ Why do you have to be there at six?”“ The teacher dema nds that everyonin his seat at six.”A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21) . He makes a note of the assig nment lest heit.A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22) . “ how does the librarian act?”“ He acts as if h a walking dictionary.A. wereB. be C. is D. has been(23) . There is a law that drunken driversseverely puni shed.A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24) . I wish you interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25) . Henry talks to his dog as if it him.A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(26) . Jeff looked as if he a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(27) . Give her my best regards, .A. should you see her todayB. if you saw her todayC. if you would see her todayD. should you have seen her today(28) . There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meetingpostponed for a week.A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(29) . It is highly desirable that every effortto reduce pollution in Bei jing.A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made(30) . The manager would rather that his wifework in the same office as he dose.A. does not B. did not C. would not D. will not(31) . The teacher insisted that we all_ back by two o'clock.A. beB. to be C. would beD. shall be(32) . I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there.A. wentB. was C. were D.had been(33) . It is high time wedrug trafficking.( 贩毒 )A. did away withB. do away with C. did away D. should do away with( ) 1. If my father here now, he tell me what to do.A. were, wouldB. were, willC. is, will( ) 2. He learn quickly if he harder.A. would, workedB. will, worksC. will, will work( ) 3. If I _much money, I _buy a big house.A. were, wouldB. had, willC. had, would( ) 4. I talk that way if I were peter.A. didn't B. wouldn ' t C. won 't( ) 5. If I you, I wear a 'shdirt and tie.A. were B. was C. are D. is ( ) 6. What you do if you won a million dollars?A. will B. wouldC. shall D. should( ) 7. If I were a bird, I fly freely in the sky.4A. will( ) 8. If he _ A. isB. would _ here, thatB. was C. wereC. would have 's very good. D. has beenD. were going to#、虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案(1)C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C (11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B (20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D (29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A5