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PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（七）形容词和副词1.形容词的句法功能(1)形容词作定语。单个形容词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前。She is a good girl.她是一个好女孩儿。考点一形容词【中考考点】(1)形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的构成规则、基本句型及其用法。(2)形容词作表语和定语的用法。(3)副词作状语的用法。形容词作不定代词的定语时,要放在不定代词的后面。There is nothing important.没有什么重要的事情。enough作形容词时,放在被修饰的名词的前、后均可。We have enough money/money enough to buy every book here. 我们有足够的钱可以买这里的每一本书。“基数词-可数名词单数-形容词”为复合形容词,放在被修饰的名词前面。Tom is an eight-year-old boy.汤姆是一个八岁的男孩。(2)形容词作表语。此时与连系动词构成系表结构。The meal is delicious.这顿饭很美味。(3)形容词作宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。I found the book interesting.我发现这本书有趣。2.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小、长短、形状、长幼、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料)名词a famous American medical college一所著名的美国医学院3.形容词的常用句式(1)“Its+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人做某事”。注意 这一句型中需要用描述行为者的性格、品质等的形容词,如good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等。(2)“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说”。注意 这一句型中需要用描述某事性质的形容词,如important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等。考点二副词1.副词的句法功能(1)用作状语。He speaks English . 他英语说得非常好。(2)用作表语。主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词。Ill be back in five minutes. 我五分钟后就回来。(3)用作定语。通常情况下,副词用作定语时总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。The people there are very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。very well2.副词的位置(1)副词通常放在被修饰的动词后面。(2)句中有多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。考点三形容词和副词的比较等级1.规则变化(1)一般在词尾直接加-er或-est。如:talltallertallest, long (2)以不发音的字母e结尾的词,在词尾直接加-r或-st。如:nicenicernicest, large (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y变为i,再加-er或-est。如:heavyheavierheaviest, busybusierbusiest,funny longerlongestlargerlargestfunnierfunniest(4)重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er或-est。如:bigbiggerbiggest, hothotterhottest,thin, fatfatterfattest(5)部分双音节词和多音节词在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。如:slowly, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulthinnerthinnestmore slowlymost slowly2.不规则变化good/wellbetterbest many/muchmoremost ill/bad/badlyworseworst little farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestlessleast考点四形容词和副词比较等级的用法1.原级的用法(1)只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, so, too等。The old man is walk on. 那位老人太累了,不能再继续走了。(2)原级常用的句型结构“as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“和程度相同”。Lucy is as old as Kate. 露西和凯特的年龄一样大。Tom runs Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。too tired toas fast as“not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as” 表示“不如那样”。This classroom is that one. 这间教室不如那间大。He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。2.比较级常用的句型结构(1)“A+be/v.+比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“A最”。Xiaoming is taller than in his class. =Xiaoming is taller than (any of) the other boys in his class. 小明比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。not as/so big asany other boy (2)“A+be/v.+the+比较级+of the two”表示“A是两者中较的”。 Look at the two boys. Xiaoming is the two. 看那两个男孩。小明是两个当中较高的那个。 (3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。He is getting .他越来越高了。 He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(4)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。 you work, your grades will be. 你越努力学习,你的成绩就会越好。 the taller oftaller and tallerThe harderthe better(5)“特殊疑问词+be/v.+比较级,A or B?”Which is bigger, the blue ball or the red one?哪一个球更大,蓝球还是红球?注意 比较级前常用much, even, a little, a bit, a lot, far等词修饰。3.最高级常用的句型结构(1)“主语+be/v.+the+最高级(+单数可数名词)+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。 Tom is the tallest (student) in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的(学生)。I jump in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be/v.+one of the+最高级+复数可数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。 Beijing is in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。(the) farthestone of the biggest cities(3)“特殊疑问词+be/v.+the+最高级,A,B or C?”用于三者的比较。Which season do you like , spring, summer or autumn? 你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天、夏天还是秋天? (4)“主语+be/v.+the+序数词+最高级+单数可数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中的第几”。Tom is boy in his class. 汤姆是他班上第二高的男生。best/(the) mostthe second tallest用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.Seeing a bird resting by the window, the boy moved (quiet) to have a look at it. 2.The river is twice as (long) as that one. 3.I lost my ticket, but (luck), the travel agent gave me another one. 4.Is it much cheaper and far (enjoyable) to travel by train than by plane? Yes, I think so.5.We can collect rainwater when it rains (heavy), and use it to water plants. 考点过关训练quietlylongluckilymore enjoyableheavily考点过关训练6.Have you seen the movie Baby Plan?Of course.I think its (funny) movie I have ever seen. 7.If more people give up driving cars, the air will get much (clean) in a few days. 8.What do you think of the environment in your hometown?Its not so (good) as before.Both the air and the water are badly polluted. 9.Ive read through this book several times, but I will read it (careful) so as to get a better understanding. the funniest cleanergoodmore carefully考点过关训练10.Eating (health) food is good for you. 11.As soon as I heard the news that I passed the driving test, I felt (relax) at once. 12.The (hard) we work at English, the greater progress we will make. 13.It is (good) to listen than to speak. 14.China is one of (old) countries in the world. Yes.It has a much longer history than the USA.15.The effect of this kind of medicine needs (far) study before it can be widely used. healthyrelaxedharderbetterthe oldestfurther
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