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2020学年人教版英语精品资料人教新课标版高一必修二Unit 3 Computers期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义) 1.operator2.revolution 3.solve 4.reality 5.personal 6.total work 8.explore9.anyhow 10.goal 11.happiness 12.download 13.signal 14.appearance 15.characterII.核心短语1from then_从那时起2_a way 在某种程度上3_the help of 在的帮助下4_a result 结果5deal_处理；安排；对付6watch_看守；监视；7have.in_有共同之处8whats_而且9get_集合；聚集10make_补足；整理；拟补11work_作为而工作12_size 按面积计算13_high quality 质量好14_ones interest in培养对的，兴趣15give_捐献，泄漏16pick_挑出，认出17.pay attention_注意18go_时光流逝；19consist_由组成20_ones own 属于某人自己的二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和典例1). He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金。2). The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。重点用法in sum简言之; 总而言之sum sb/sth up形成对某人某事物的看法 2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件典例 1). He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。2). They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。重点用法take advantage of 对加以利用；欺骗to sb.s advantage 对某人有利have /get/win an advantage over （of）胜过；优于3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标典例 1). He headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门2). We won by three goals to one 以三比一获胜。3). Youd better set a goal before you start. 开始前最好设定一个目标。重点用法score/kick a goal 得踢进一球得一分keep goal守球门life goal/ ones goal in life生活目标achieve / realize ones goal实现目标4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与通讯典例 1). A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号。2). He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。 重点用法signal to sb/sth for sth 用信号传达（某信息）; 用信号与（某人）通讯signal with用发信号5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现； 发生典例 1). A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。2). Accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。重点用法arise from /out of由引起；由产生II.重点词组 1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的典例I have nothing in common with Jane. 我和简毫无共同之处。短语归纳have nothing in common 无共同之处 have little in common 几乎无共同之处have something in common 有一些共同之处 have a lot in common 有许多共同之处2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说典例 1). In a way, his English has improved. 从某种程度上来说, 他的英语有进步。2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。短语归纳in the way 造成阻碍 on the/ones way (to) 在(去)的路上by the way 顺便提一下 in no way 决不all the way 自始自终;完全地in this way 用这种方法与in a way同义的词组有in one way 和in some ways。3. watch over 看守; 监视; 照看典例 1). Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim? 我游泳时你看着我的衣物行吗?2). He felt that God was watching over him. 他感觉到上帝保佑着他. 短语归纳watch out (for) 当心; 注意watch for sb./sth. 观察等待keep a watch on 监视 under the close watch 在严密的监视下4. make up化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）典例1). She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。2). Stop making things up! 不要胡编了!短语归纳make up for补偿be made up of = consist of由组成make for有利于，有助于；走向；冲向make it及时赶到，办成功make it up和解；讲和make known使知晓；传达make out理解；懂得；辨认出III.重点句型 1. By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger!到20世纪40年代，我已经长到一个大房间那么大，我不知道我会不会继续长大。解释 1). as large as“有大”，后面常加数词例如：This playground is as large as 500squaremeters这个操场有500平方米那么大。2). I wondered if“我不知道(奇怪)是否”，是一个常见句式，常用于口语，表示一种委婉或客气的语气。例如：I wondered if you would mind giving me a hand.2. However，this reality also worried my designers可是这个现实也困扰着我的设计者们。 解释 however adv尽管；尽管如此，可是；仍然。表示转折；可放在句首、句中或句尾，但用逗号隔开。例如：I meant to go abroad last year. However, I changed my mind later.我本打算去年出国，但是后来改变了主意。三：语法突破：现在完成时的被动语态的结构和用法概念表示在过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在，且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，此时用现在完成时的被动语态。They havent been told the exciting news yet, have they? 他们还没有被告诉这个令人激动地消息，对吗？ 现在完成时被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的肯定式。由“have has been 及物动词的过去分词”构成。Her motorbike has been stolen.她的摩托车被盗了。He has been sent to work in the factory.他已经被派去在那个工厂工作。All the offices have been linked by computer.所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。现在完成时被动语态的否定式。由“have has notbeen 及物动词的过去分词”构成。The task has not been finished yet.任务尚未完成。She has not been told about the matter.没有人告诉她这件事。They have not been heard from.没有收到他们的来信。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式。由“Have Has 主语been及物动词的过去分词”构成。Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？Yes，it has是的，完成了。Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？No，they haven't不，还没有。现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式。由“疑问词havehas主语been及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？What has been bought by Tom?汤姆已经买了什么东西?Who have been helped by the new computer?谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助?Where has the car been repaired?这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。The door has been locked门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）Many of the world's greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.世界上许多伟大的城市都是依河而建的。 St Petersburg has also been the center of many important events in history.圣彼得堡也是历史上许多重大事件的中心。2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long？句型中。They have been told about it for many times有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？She hasn't been heard from since then.从那时候起，她就没来过信。使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题1现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have has和been，两者缺一不可。This work has been finished, you may have a rest.这项工作已被完成，你可以休息一会儿。This film has been put on for half an hour.这场电影已放映了半个小时。2注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The house was built last year这房子是去年建造的。The house has been built这房子已经建好了。3由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如：No books have been bought since last week自上周以来，没有人来买过书。4短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。The orphan has been well looked after这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。 【考题印证】1.（2011天津卷,3）In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced【解析】B考查动词的时态和语态。句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。2.（2010福建28）Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns.A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promised D. have been promised【解析】D现在完成时的被动语态【真题体验】1.（2009福建，22） -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted2.（09全国卷I，26） His sister left home in 1998, and since.A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of【答案解析】1.【解析】D考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。2.【解析】B.句意为：他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时就没有音讯了。用现在完成时的否定结构。四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1Our game of basketball _.We had been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily.Ahas interrupted Bhad interruptedCwas interrupted Dhad been interrupted2He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.Aadvantage BappearanceCqualification Dcharacter3After more than ten minutes' break，the speaker_the story from where he left off.Akept on Bwent onCmade up Dtook up4_ he didn't help me with my work.Instead，just _.A In a way; in my wayBOn a way; on the wayCIn the way; on the wayDBy the way; on my way5The board are discussing the possible _ they can take of the present economic situation.Anotice BadvantageCuse Dbest6We can't _ on having good weather for the outing.Aevaluate BcalculateCpredict Dconclude7The tree is so tall.Yes.It _ nearly 20 metres.Ameasures Bis measuredCmeasure Dto be measured8What a beautiful day!Yes，it's _ that I'd like to take a walk.Asuch nice weather Bso a nice weatherCsuch a nice weather Dso nice weather9Milu deer，a species with large horns，which used to be _ in China long ago，is a rare animal nowadays.Aordinary BcommonCpopular Dusual10It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected，but _，I think it was a great success.Apersonally BdirectlyCpublicly Dsecretly11I have been worried about the possible danger of driving on a railway line.Do not be afraid；God will _ us.Aturn over Bwatch overCgo over Dlook over12Irene won the first place in the physics competition.So what？I don't like science，_.Aanyway BthereforeCthough Dotherwise13Once new difficulties _ in our new job，we should learn to use our brains to solve them.Arise BcauseCraise Darise14The problem facing us is so serious that we have to _ it first.Atake interest Bdeal withCmake with Dwork on15The woman moved about outside the operation room，because her son _ on.Awas being operated Bis operatedChad been operated Dwas operated第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I took up skydiving in my twenties. At the time the accident happened, I'd done just 30 jumps. The airfield was quiet when I 1 . On board were Chris, who was taking a tourist, and Ants, the cameraman. Chris indicated I should exit first and the other three would 2 . Later I knew it was this 3 that saved my life.At 12,000 feet Chris rolled up the door and nodded that it was time for my exit. I put my foot on a step just beside the door, and in a(n) 4 the propeller blast (螺旋桨气流) threw me against the 5 of the plane, half in, half out. I pushed and got my other leg out of the door, but in doing so I found myself 6 down the body of the plane towards the tail. My parachute (降落伞) got caught and my 7 and legs were pushed backwards, powerless, in the strong wind.I was strangely 8 . To a skydiver, being at 12,000 feet is a good thing. Altitude is your friend；being close to the ground is deadly and will kill you.Ants appeared and 9 slowly towards me, his legs held by Chris in the door. Ants reached out and got hold of my foot. With the weight partly off, I found myself falling away from the plane, 10 freed. I waved and smiled to indicate I was fine.It was actually very 11 . If any one of a number of factors had been different, I would have 12 . I could have hit the plane with my head. If I had been the last to exit, the pilot alone would have been unable to free me, and even if he had been aware that I was 13 underneath the plane, he would still have had to land at some point.Blue Skies, Black Death is the skydivers' mantra (咒语)On the one hand, there's the freedom and 14 of the open sky. But in order to 15 this joy, you must accept that there is usually only one result if something goes wrong.1A. jumpedB.arrivedC.woke D.dove2A. follow B.escapeC.leave D.fly3.A.trouble B.effortC.chance D.decision4.A.minute B.wayC.instantD.sense5.A.left B.rightC.top D.side6.A.sliding B.knocking C.flying D.crawling7.A.body B.armsC.head D.fingers8.A.frightened B.anxiousC.excited D.calm9.A.ran B.movedC.stepped D.rushed10.A.really B.hopefullyC.certainly D.finally11.A.funny B.ordinaryC.clear D.serious12.A.died B.laughedC.stopped D.returned13.A.attached BadjustedC.covered D.connected14.A.pride B.confidenceC.excitement D.willingness15.A.observe B.experienceC.imagine D.discover AThe secret of carrier pigeons unbelievable ability to find their way home has been discovered by scientists; the feathered navigators follow the roads just like we do.Scientists now believe the phrase “as the crow flies” no longer means the shortest most direct route between two points. They say it is likely that crows and other birds also choose AAsuggested routes, even though it makes their journeys longer.Scientists at Oxford University spent 10 years studying homing pigeons using global positioning satellite(GPS) and got a surprising result. The birds often dont use the sun to decide their directions.Instead they fly along motorways, turn at crossing and even go around roundabouts(绕道), adding miles to their journeys.“It really has knocked our research team sideways to find that after a decade-long international study, pigeons appear to ignore their inbuilt directional instincts(本能) and follow the road system,” said Prof Tim Guilford, reader in animal behavior at Oxford Universitys Department of Zoology.Guilford said pigeons use their own navigational system(导航系统) when doing long distance trips or when a bird does a journey for the first time.“But once homing pigeons have flown a journey more than once, they can fly home on a habitual route, much as we do when we are driving or walking home from work,” said Guilford.“In short, it looks like it is mentally easier for a bird to fly down a road. They are just making their journey as simple as possible.”1. What would be the best title of the passage? A. How Pigeons Find Their Ways HomeB. Why Pigeons Can Fly Long DistanceC. Birds Follow Roads As We DoD. Why Crows Fly the shortest Distance2. Scientists used to think that homing pigeons often find their directions _. A. by global positioning satellite B. by the sunC. by the road system D. by following other birds3. Why do homing pigeons tend to follow the road system during their journey? A. Because they dont have their inbuilt directional instincts now.B. Because their own navigational system doesnt work.C. Because it is too hard to use their own navigational system.D. Because it is easier to make journey simple by following road system.BThe word “conservation” has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such a good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials: most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and could “last forever”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago, nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; wood was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about correcting the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should be made part of everybodys daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic math formulas. We need to know why all watersheds(上游集水区) need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to give their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, grown trees, because living space for most of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic(立方体的) volume above the earth. In a word, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.4. The authors attitude towards the use of natural resources is _. A. positive B. uninterested C. optimistic D. critical5. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _. A. they had no idea about scientific forestryB. they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC. they were not aware of the importance of nature study D. they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials6. To avoid repeating the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that _. A. we plant more treesB. natural sciences be taught to everybodyC. environmental education be directed toward everyoneD. we return to nature7. How can you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.B. Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.C. We need to take some measures to protect space.D. We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and animals.单元自测答案：第一节 1-5CDDAB6-10BAABA11-15BADBA第二节 1-5: BADCD 6-10: ABDBD 11-15: DAACB第三节 1-7ABDDBCD
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