定语从句 (3)

定语从句一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句，从句所修饰的词叫先行词。（定语从句之前的词不一定是先行词，根据翻译看句子修饰谁，谁就是先行词）。Eg，Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech contest last year.A who B where C when D which 二、先行词（一、）关系代词that which who whom whose as（最重要)1、that 即可指人也可指物 作主语：桌子上的书是我的。The book that is on the table is mine. 作宾语：我昨天买得书很畅销。The book that I bought yesterday sells well. 作表语：He is no longer the man that he used to be.2、which物 主语： 宾语： 定语：during which time , in which case Eg: Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_, he studeid very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union.A during which time B for which time C during whose D by that timeI may have to work late,_Ill telephone.A in which case B in this case C in that case D in whose case3、who 人主语：The man who is standing over there is my friend.宾语：The man who I saw last year was a teacher.4、whom人宾语：例子同who作宾语的例子5、whose人和物定语：The house whose windows face south sells well.6、as人和物引导非限制性定语从句：译成：正如。常放句首As we know,Taiwan is part of China.与which区别；which不能放句首；而as翻译成 正如 指代整个句子。引导限制性定语从句；译成：和。一样，像。一样常用于结构as。as， the same as/that ,suchas等 the same as(同类异物)I bought the same pen as you had. The samethat(同类同物)You are using the sanme pen that I lost yesterday.（你偷我的笔了）注意：如果从句不缺主语和宾语，即使出现the same 也不能选as和thatI took the policeman to the same place where I witnessed the robbery.suchas (定语从句)：suchthat(结果状语从句)He is such a kind person as we like to work with.（定语从句）He is such a kind person that we like to work with him.（结果状语从句）（二、）关系副词 when where why1、I never forgot the days when we spent the holidays together in the vilage. I never forgot the days that/which we spent together in the vilage.2、The farm where I worked was knownThe farm that/which I visited was known.3、The reason why he came late was his getting up late. The reason that/which he explained was much better.结论：当先行词是时间/地点/原因时，关系词不一定用when/where/why，要看从句缺少什么成分。三、 定语从句中的特殊情况1、 定语从句中含有强调句的省略现象（以对话形式出题）_where did you meet him?_It was in the store_I worked.A that B which C where Dwhen2、介词加关系代词，相当于关系副词；介词通常根据先行词确定或者从句中的不及物动词。The farm on which I worked was known.The man to whom I talked was a lawyer.2、 数次或代词加关系代词（which,whom）There are 40 students, most of whom are boys.3、 间隔性定语从句（先行词和关系词被单词隔开）例子用定义的例子4、 定语从句中的主谓一致问题I, who am your friend, will help you .“one of 加复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the，the only， the very等修饰时， 从句的谓语动词要用单数。He is one of the students who have made great progress(他是取得很大进步的学生之一) Tom is the only one of my friends who has been invited to have dinner with us.汤姆是我的朋友中唯一被请来和我们共进晚餐的人。5、 定语从句中的完全倒转现象We got to a farmhouse, where lived an old farmer and his son.6、 当先行词是the way 时，意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三中形式，that/in which/不填，需要满足从句中缺少状语。如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则按正常的定语从句分析。 I dont like the way you speak to her. The way you explained was better.(宾语)7、 先行词是the time时。若当次数讲应用that引导且可省略。若当一段时间讲，应用关系副词when或介词加关系代词 This is the first time that the President has visited the country. There was a time in history when women had no right to vote.8、 地点模糊的先行词，后跟where引导的定语从句当先行词为point, situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等这类名词并且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导。He has reached the point where a change is needed.(他到了必须改一改得地步。)9、 由动词加名词加介词构成的动词短语，常把名词放前面作为先行词考察关系代词用that或which。The role that/which he played in the activity was pretty important.10、 定语从句中的插入语现象，不影响从句的语序及主谓一致I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.11、介词加关系代词加to do中的介词加关系代词不能用关系副词来替换。The farmer uses wood to build a house_B_to store grains.A with which B to which D in which D by which 12、 John, _D_money is no problem, still leads a simple lifeA for whose B of whoseC of whom D for whom13、非限制性定语从句不能用that；定语从句不能用what引导14、先行词是表示物的不定代词时用that；先行词既有人也有物时用that