（全国用）2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第一节 六大解题技巧

专题一 阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧一、关键信息定位法 (2017全国，A片段)Visit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.21Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?AIn Building 1.BIn Building 3.CAt the Laser Dome.DAt the Denny Way entrance.答案B解析细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“souvenir” 可将答案锁定在Visit Pacific Science Centers Store这一部分；再根据本段中的“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上，故选B。点津解答这类题时，一个常用的方法就是根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子。如该句中出现了but，however，yet，while等表转折的词语及in addition，furthermore，besides，moreover，whats more，most of all，most importantly，especially等表递进的词语，后面往往为关键信息，是正确答案。但要与选项进行比较，最终确定答案。该方法运用的前提是在题干中找到定位关键词。该方法多用于细节理解题。 (2016全国，A片段)Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.23Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US.?AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor.DRosa Parks.答案D解析细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“civil-rights”可将答案锁定在Rosa Parks这一部分，再根据本段中的“But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”可知，Rosa Parks推动了美国民权运动，故D项正确。二、关键词法(2017全国，A片段)Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.22What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?ATrain science teachers.BDistribute science books.CInspire scientific research.DTake science to the classroom.答案D解析细节理解题。由标题及该段第二句“Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.”可知此处的关键词应是“science”，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂。点津半数以上的文章会在文章的第一段或最后一段直接给出主题关键词，且常是首句；还有部分文章在第一段或最后一段间接给出主题关键词，正确答案与主题关键词有高度的重合性：形似、意似。 (2016全国，D片段)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.32What does the author say about silence in conversations?AIt implies anger.BIt promotes friendship.CIt is culture-specific.DIt is content-based.答案C解析推理判断题。由第一段第一句及下文给出的沉默在不同文化中代表不同含义的例子可知，作者认为不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，即它与特定的文化有关。此处的关键词应是“cultural”。因此答案为C。三、题段一致法 (2017全国，A片段)Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.23What is the purpose of the last part of the text?ATo encourage donations.BTo advertise coming events.CTo introduce special exhibits.DTo tell about the Centers history.答案A解析推理判断题。根据该部分中的“Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。故选A。点津按照文章的发展顺序设置题目，是目前最主要的出题方法。这种出题方法最简单，最容易操作，因此为命题者所偏爱。学生则应按照文章的段落顺序依次进行解答，没有必要百分之百读懂整篇文章，没有必要从头到尾把全文读一遍，按照这一定律，边看题干，边看原文，从而快速解题。 (2016四川，B片段)Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.27What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.BMuch more progress will be made in the near future.CThe work on health is the most valuable experience.DPeoples efforts have been materially rewarded.答案A解析推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”可知最穷的人的生活将会变得更好。故选A。四、释义法 (2017全国，D片段)To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.33What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe tube. BThe still.CThe hole. DThe cup.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据本段描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高the water catcher的生产力，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。点津词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测的具体技巧如下：根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据同义关系进行猜测；根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测；根据因果关系进行猜测；根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测；根据常识或背景知识进行猜测。 (2016全国，C片段)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.29Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?Aprovider Bdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor答案B解析词义猜测题。根据本段第二句中的“Ive done 89 trips”及第三句中的“carry stem cells”可知，作者是运送干细胞的人，所以选B项。五、扫读法 (2017全国，B片段)The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.26What made the chick calm down?AA new nest. BSome food.CA recording. DIts parents.答案A解析 细节理解题。扫读全文，可确定该段中的“I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.”为解题的关键信息。由此可知，作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快就安静下来。故选A。点津扫读不是简单地走马观花，而是在保证快速、高效的前提下，锁定关键信息：(1)注意特征词，如：luckily，unfortunately，as a result，besides等；(2)注意时间点，如：yesterday，last year，today，now等；(3)找主线：文章的主线往往是文章的中心思想或者作者对文中所论述的事物所持的观点或态度等。 (2016四川，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.34What can be a suitable title for the text?ANight Milk and SleepBFat，Sugar and HealthCAn Experiment on MiceDMilk Drinking and Health答案A解析标题归纳题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。35How does the author support the theme of the text?ABy giving examples.BBy stating arguments.CBy explaining statistical data.DBy providing research results.答案D解析推理判断题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。六、位置特征法 (2017全国，B片段)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.24What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to Paragraph 1?AEfforts made in vain.BGetting injured in his work.CFeeling uncertain about his future.DCreatures forced out of their homes.答案A解析细节理解题。根据该段中的“Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知救助野生动物的工作有时让人悲伤，因为不能保证野生动物会存活下来，即我们的努力有可能白费。故选A。点津正确答案的位置：位于介词短语、非谓语动词、从句、倒装、强调、虚拟语气等结构中。其中定语从句和状语从句一般都是重点观察主句，而宾语从句则考查从句较多。对于一些常见的并列结构，就近原则的一般后半部分重要，就远原则的一般前面重要。正确答案的特征：一般情况下，中心思想，论述事物所持的观点、态度是答案；绝对的不是答案，商量口气的是答案；断章取义的不是答案，概括性的是答案；具体的不是答案，抽象的是答案；含有明确因果关系的常是答案；消极负面的不是答案，正面积极的是答案；长句难句里常有正确答案等。 (2017全国，D片段)Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over，and no more than three inches above，the cup.34What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?ADig a hole of a certain size.BPut the cup in place.CWeight the sheets center down.DCover the hole with the plastic sheet.答案C解析 细节理解题。根据该段中的“Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.”可知最后一步是weighting the sheets center down with a rock(用一块石头把塑料板的中心位置压下去)，故选C。