毕业论文葡萄糖酸锌的合成与组成测定02594

编号编号 学学士士学学位位论论文文葡萄糖酸锌的合成与组成测定葡萄糖酸锌的合成与组成测定学生姓名： 吐尔孙姑丽吐尔孙 学 号： 20070301048 系 部： 化学与环境科学系 专 业： 化 学 年 级： 2007 指导教师 王 冬 娥 完成日期： 2011 年 5 月 10 日中文摘要中文摘要介绍了合成葡萄糖酸锌的各种方法。并对其方法的可行性进行了述评。葡萄糖酸锌合成的常见的方法有复分解法，空气催化氧化法，离子交换树脂法，发酵法，电解法等。通过文献比较，选用其中较好的方法，即以葡萄糖，菲林试剂和氧化锌为主要原料合成葡萄糖酸锌的新方法。并采用正交实验方法研究了原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等对产率的影响，确定了优化合成条件。最后对产物进行了红外光谱分析。关键词关键词 ：葡萄糖酸锌；合成；结构分析目目 录录中文摘要 .1引言 .31 实验部分 .41.1 仪器与试剂.41.1.1 仪器.41.1.2 试剂.41.2 试验方法.41.2.1 菲林试剂的配制.41.2.2 葡萄糖酸的制备.41.2.3 葡萄糖酸锌的制备.42 结果与分析 .52.1 葡萄糖酸制备条件的影响.52.2.1 菲林试剂过量的影响.52.2.1 葡萄糖过量的影响.52.2 葡萄糖酸锌的制备条件的影响.52.2.1 葡萄糖酸过量的影响.52.2.2 葡萄糖酸浓度的影响.62.2.3 反应物配比对反应产率的影响.72.2.4 结晶促进剂乙醇用量对反应产率的影响.72.3 产品性能.82.4 产品红外图谱分析 .83 总结 .9参考文献 .10致谢 .11引言引言锌是人体必需的微量元素之一，葡萄糖酸锌为营养产品，安全无毒副作用，人体吸收率比较高。通过超氧歧化酶保持吞噬细胞内自由基水平，自由基能破坏微生物的细胞膜，发挥杀菌作用，加速创伤，烧伤，遗疡的愈合；对维生素A 的代谢及视觉起重要作用。促进及维持性机能；稳定细胞膜，改善组织能量代谢及组织呼吸；能改善下肢的血流灌注，减少乳酸积蓄，是治疗间歇性破行的生化基础。葡萄糖酸锌属于保健品，主要是补充锌这种微量元素，它具有多种生物作用，参与核算和蛋白质的合成，对性腺及许多霉素系统起着重要的生理功能和营养作用，能促进儿童生长发育，提高智力水平，增强人体免疫功能。人体缺锌会造成生长停滞，自发性味觉减退和创伤愈合不良等严重问题，从而引发多种疾病。在食品和药物中使用补锌强化剂有硫酸锌，醋酸锌，葡萄糖酸锌等化合物。硫酸锌，醋酸锌有异味，对胃肠有刺激作用且吸收率低，而葡萄糖酸锌作补锌药，则具有见效快，吸收率高，副作用小，使用方便等优点，是目前较为理想的补锌药物和营养强化剂，特别是作为儿童食品，果糖，乳制品添加剂的应用日益广泛。随着科学技术的不断发展和人们生活水平的提高，人们对健康越来越重视，因此近年来，学界对葡萄酸锌的研究过程中取得了很大的发展。本文1 实验部分实验部分1.1 仪器仪器与试剂与试剂1.1.1 仪器FA1OO4N 型电子天平，SHA-C 水浴恒温振荡器，DF-4 型压片机，WS70-1 型红外快速干燥箱，抽滤器，布氏滤斗，吸滤瓶，量筒，蒸发皿，烧杯， 酒精灯，液移管，玻璃棒，石棉网，铁架台，滤纸，pH 试纸。1.1.2 试剂 葡萄糖，无水硫酸铜，氢氧化钠，乙醇（化学纯） ，ZnO，浓 HCI。1.2 试验方法试验方法1.2.1 菲林试剂的配制将 100mL 10%的 NaOH 的溶液缓慢加入 12.5mL 5%的 CuSO4溶液，立即生成淡蓝色的 Cu(OH)2沉淀，随着 NaOH 的不断加入，蓝色沉淀逐渐溶解为无色溶液，溶液中的有效成分为 Na2Cu(OH)4。1.2.2 葡萄糖酸的制备将上述的菲林试剂，然后加入 100mL10%的葡萄糖溶液，加热近沸腾，得到砖红色的沉淀，趁热过滤除去 Cu2O 沉淀，得到浅棕黄色的葡萄糖酸溶液，合成路线见图 1。HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O + 4OH- + 2H2OHOCH2(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)42-7080搅拌图图 1 葡萄糖酸合成路线图1.2.3 葡萄糖酸锌的制备葡萄糖酸溶液中分批加入 3.9g 氧化锌，在 90水域浴中搅拌反应 2h，同时调节 pH5.8，将此溶液过滤。滤液减压浓缩至原体积的 1/3，加入 25mL95%的乙醇，放置 35 天充分结晶，得到无色块状晶体。2 结果与分析结果与分析 2.1 葡萄糖酸制备条件的影响葡萄糖酸制备条件的影响2.2.12.2.1 菲林试剂过量的影响菲林试剂过量的影响2.2.12.2.1 葡萄糖过量的影响葡萄糖过量的影响2.2 葡萄糖酸锌的制备条件的影响葡萄糖酸锌的制备条件的影响反应温度对原料转化率和葡萄糖酸锌产率的影响，从 60100改变反应温度，其余的反应条件不变。产率见图 1 所示。通过图 1 可以看出反应温度越高，反应越好，产率越高。但是葡萄糖酸锌在 140150时就已经开始分解为暗黑色物质，应控制 90为适宜温度。607080901009091929394959697产率%温度/ B图 1 普通糖酸与浓度的关系2.2.1 葡萄糖酸过量的影响为使氧化锌与葡萄糖酸的中和反应较完全，提高葡萄糖酸锌的产率，应使葡萄糖酸过量。称取 3.9g 氧化锌与不同物质的量的葡萄糖酸反应理论物质的量比为 ZnO：葡萄糖酸=1:2。实验结构表明，当葡萄糖酸用量为 0.157mol 即过量0.05mol 时，产率，纯度最高。随着葡萄糖酸用量的增大，纯度开始下降。实验数据见表 2. 表 2 葡萄糖酸用量对产率的影响ZnOmol 葡萄糖酸mol 葡萄糖酸过量mol 产率%0.0535 0.107 0 98.90.0535 0.117 0.01 99.20.0535 0.127 0.02 98.90.0535 0.137 0.03 99.00.0535 0.157 0.05 99.1 0.0535 0.167 0.06 97.30.0535 0.177 0.07 96.92.2.22.2.2 葡萄糖酸浓度的影响葡萄糖酸浓度的影响 将 3.9g0.05335mol氧化锌溶于 20 mL 水中，进行 5 组平行实验，对比在不同浓度葡萄糖酸中葡萄糖酸锌产品情况。实验结果表明，控制葡萄糖酸过量在0.05mol，葡萄糖酸溶液浓度为 2.02.6molL，对葡萄糖酸锌的制备最有利。实验数据见表 3。 表表 3 葡萄糖酸浓度的影响葡萄糖酸浓度molL 葡萄糖酸用量mL C12H22O14Zn.H2Og1.0 157.0 22.41.5 104.0 22.422.0 78.5 22.672.6 60.4 22.712.4 氧化锌浓度的选择氧化锌浓度的选择为提高葡萄糖酸锌的产率及纯度，在中和反应之前应使 ZnO 尽可能与水Zn（OH）2，但体系中水量太多则浓缩时间加长。在葡萄糖酸浓度为 2.6 molL，3.9g 氧化锌过量葡萄糖酸 0.05 mol 的条件下，氧化锌浓度为 1.783 molL 需要浓缩的时间短，产率高。实验结果见表 4。表表 4 氧化锌浓度的选择ZnOmol ZnO 浓度mL 葡萄糖酸mL 浓缩时间mim 产量0.0535 2 .6 60.4 15 22.6 0.0535 1.7 60.4 25 23.20.0535 1.3 60.4 35 23.00.0535 1.0 60.4 45 23.2 2.2.3 反应物配比对反应产率的影响 其次考察反应物配比对原料转化率和葡萄糖酸锌产率的影响，从葡萄糖的氧化锌的质量之比 1:1 到 1:3 改变物料配比，其他条件不变，产率如表 1 所示。表表 1 反应物配比对反应产率的影响（90）样品编号 反应配比 产率% 1 2:1 48.442 3:1 72.663 1:1 95.314 1:3 96.095 1:2 96.2 当用量为 2:3 和 1:2 时，结晶之后，所得产率相差不大，继续增加反应物的配比，生成物的产率变化也不大，可见，控制反应物配比为 1: 1 既有利于产率的提高，也可以节省原料节约成本，是最佳配比。2.2.4 结晶促进剂乙醇用量对反应产率的影响0510152025303540455060708090100产率%乙醇的体积/ml B 然后考察结晶促进剂用量对反应产率的影响，当乙醇用量不用，所得晶体产率也不同，产率见表 2 所示，通过用量和产物产率的关系如图，可以看出，结晶剂用量越大，越易结晶，产率越高。结晶剂用量在 520mL 时，产率变化幅度比较大：而结晶剂用量在 2530mL 时，产率变化幅度降低，如果进一步增大结晶剂用量对于产率的影响不大，所以在实际生产中我们应采用适当的结晶剂用量以节约成本。制取 0.0125 mol 的葡萄糖酸锌，相对需 95%乙醇用量为25mL。2.3 产品性能对产品的主要指标进行检测，其结构与有关标准对照见表 5. 表表 5 产品主要指标 项目名称 GB 产品检测结构 含量 C12H22O14ZnH2O 98.0%1O1% 98.4%砷盐以 As 计 0.0002% 0.0002%重金属以 pb 计 0.001% 0.001%干燥失重 0.5% 0.4%Ph 5.97.1 5.97.12.42.4 产品红外图谱分析 产物的红外光谱见附图，各特征吸收峰的结构归属如下：图中 32003500 cm-1处有一强而宽的吸收峰，为缔合 OH 的伸缩振动吸收；2925 和 2860cm-1为亚甲基伸缩振动吸收峰；1578、1434 和 1386cm-1为羧酸盐COO-1伸缩振动吸收峰；1147、1092 和 1063 cm-1为 C-OH 的伸缩振动吸收峰；725、638 和 528cm-1为 Zn-O 的伸缩振动吸收峰。图中主要吸收峰的归属与葡萄糖酸锌的结果是一致的。 3 总结总结本文以葡萄糖和菲林试剂，氧化锌为原料合成葡萄糖酸锌，产物的纯度较低。合成葡萄糖酸锌的最佳条件为，反应物摩尔比 CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH:ZnO=2:1，反应温度为 90，反应时间 2h,反应液 pH 为 5.8,产品结晶时加入 10mL 95%的乙醇，结晶时间为 35 天。产物进行红外光谱分析表明其结果与葡萄糖酸锌的结果一致。由于我葡萄糖酸锌的生产工艺均采用葡萄糖发酵法，工艺要求高，而葡萄糖酸与内酯也存在生产方法的问题，故以葡萄糖酸锌和葡萄糖酸-（-内酯这原料的合成法，成本高，经济效益不显著。葡萄糖原料易得，价格便宜，从合成路线看，发酵法和空气催化氧化法，都是先转变成葡萄糖盐后，再经复分解法制得葡萄糖酸，进而与锌物质反应合成葡萄糖酸的。因此，工艺复杂，合成周期长，且有三废排放问题，而采用两性膜电解槽的成对电解法生产葡萄糖酸锌，且可同时制得两种产品，与其他方法相比。此法有原料易得能耗少，工艺流程短，几乎无三废排放等优点。目前成对电解葡萄糖的研究在不断深入，随着工艺条件日趋完善，采用成对电解法生产葡萄糖酸锌是较适宜的。参考文献参考文献1 王燕兰,张以凡,金家岭. 葡萄糖酸锌治疗尘肺的疗效观察J. 工业卫生与职业病, 2004,(01) .2 魏云路食品添加剂的研究郑州粮食学院学报J.1984. 3 陈文强. 微量元素锌与人体健康J微量元素与健康研究.2006.(04) .4 刘冲,云惠聪,宋玉娥. 葡萄糖酸锌辅治婴幼儿急性腹泻疗效分析. J. 现代中西医结合杂志, 2010,(11 ) . 5 刘薇芝, 胡汉昆,刘萍,刘巍.葡萄糖酸锌药理作用与临床应用J.医药导报,2009,(08) .6 杨英,梅其霞. 葡萄糖酸锌治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻 332 例疗效观察J. 重庆医学, 2008,(21) . 7 王化忠,穆霄静. 葡萄糖酸锌口服液治疗复发性口腔溃疡 30 例J. 第四军医大学学报, 2003,(04) .8 罗刘丽,刘艳,张丽芹. 葡萄糖酸锌片治疗轻、中度智力低下儿 35 例疗效观察J. 黑龙江护理杂志， 1998,(07) .9 张洁. 葡萄糖酸锌佐治儿童反复呼吸道感染及对其免疫功能的影响J. 黑龙江医学,2006，(04) .10 倪敏英. 葡萄糖酸锌佐治婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎的疗效分析J. 吉林医学, 2011,(17) .11 孔祥瑞，必需微量元素和营养，生理及临床意义J.合肥;安微科技出版社，1982,116 .致谢本论文是在王冬娥老师的悉心指导下完成的，在这几个月的毕业论文学习期间，王冬娥老师认真负责的工作态度以及其严谨治学的科研精神时时鼓舞和鞭策我完成我的学士论文，在此我对我的指导老师表示衷心的感谢及由衷的敬意！同时，我要感谢我们学院给我们授课的各位老师，正是由于他们的传道、授业、解惑，让我学到了专业知识，并从他们身上学到了如何求知治学、如何为人处事。我也要感谢我的母校喀什师范学院，是她提供了良好的学习环境和生活环境，让我的大学生活丰富多姿，为我的人生留下精彩的一笔。另外，衷心感谢我的同窗同学们，在我毕业论文写作中，与他们的探讨交流使我受益颇多；同时，他们也给了我很多无私的帮助和支持，我在次深表谢意。 学无止境。明天，将是我终身学习另一天的开始。在此谨向帮助过我的所有老师和同学表示诚挚的感谢！ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you havent appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during Citys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当悲伤来袭时，试着深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀 By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面对吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants 倾听内心 Were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process?我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重，不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。From: http:/ supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there