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Unit 1Famous UniversitiesObjectives:first listen, and then talk about famous universitiesread about world famous universities, their staff and studentswrite about Oxford University and its collegespractice the use of the subjunctive moodfill in an application form for admissionvisit Culture Salon for the mission and tradition of famous universitiesI Passage A Oxford University1.SummaryOxfordOxford is one of the worlds most famous universities. It began in the 1100s. In 1999 2000 it had over 16 300 students in 35 colleges and 5 private halls. Each college has its own buildings, teachers, and students. But the university grants the degrees, not the colleges. Oxford has students from over 130 countries. Rhodes and Marshall Scholarships are among the ways foreign students may attend Oxford. Competition for admission and financial aid is intense, but students of all backgrounds are strongly encouraged to apply. Oxford has won a national innovation award and formed an international distance education partnership with Stanford and Yale. Oxford is a leader in research, while also promoting good teaching with individual tutorials and small group interactions.2.Language Points1. establish:set upExamples:Father established this business forty years ago.Public schools for girls were established in some places.2. locate:establish in a certain placeExamples:Where is the new factory to be located?The baker located his bakery in the new shopping center.3. represent:stand for or be a sign or symbol ofExamples:The foreign minister represented the country at the conference.Each dot on my map represents a town.4. consist of:(no passive) be made up ofExamples:The United Kingdom consists of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.That areas future weather pattern might consist of long, dry periods.5. plus:(prep.) with addition ofExamples:Three plus two equals five.The work of an engineer requires intelligence plus experience.(adj.) (of numbers) higher than zeroExamples:Three is a plus quantity.Daytime temperatures vary between minus 5 and plus 12.6. distinct:different; separateExamples:The twins had distinct personalities.Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.7. govern:control or guide (actions and feelings)Examples:Dont let a bad temper govern your decision.The rise and fall of the sea is governed by the movements of the moon.8. property:1) land, buildings or both togetherExamples:The statue was considered town property.With more and more people purchasing houses, property prices have been on the rise.2) the thing or things that somebody ownsExamples:The police found some stolen property in the thiefs house.Thats my personal property.9. elect:choose (somebody) by votingExamples:They elected him to represent them.We must urge that delegates be elected from the various factories in a district.10. select:choose (as being the most suitable, etc.)Examples:He selected an appropriate birthday card for his mother.When you select a team you pick out the people most suitable for it.11. facility:aids, circumstances, which make it easy to do thingsExamples:One of the facilities our students have is a large library.This kitchen has a garbage disposal and other modern facilities.12. primary:chief; mainExamples:A primary cause of Toms failure is his laziness.His diaries are a primary source for the history of the period.13. assign:give as a share or dutyExamples:They assigned me a small room.Two pupils were assigned to sweep the floor.14. on the basis of:according to or grounded on the circumstance that provides a reason for some action or opinionExamples:Students are able, on the basis of experience, to choose which subjects to specialize in.Decisions were often made on the basis of incorrect information.15. grant:give (especially what is wanted or requested)Examples:They refused to grant them long-term credits.He requested that the premier grant him an interview.16. enable:make ableExamples:This train enables me to get there in time.This would enable them to double their output of machine guns.17. minimum:the least, or the smallest possible quantity, number, or degreeExamples:This price is his minimum; he refuses to lower it further.Allow a minimum of five minutes for introducing the dialogue.18. eligible:fit, suitable to be chosen; having the right qualificationsExamples:Only native-born citizens are eligible for the U.S. presidency.Anyone who can speak French is eligible to join the club.19. apply for / to:request something, especially officially and in writingExamples:He has applied for a post in England.I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.20. scheme:plan (for work or activity)Examples:He suggested several schemes to increase the sales.Most of his schemes were never carried out for lack of money.21. restrict:limit; keep within limitsExamples:The sale of alcohol is restricted in Britain.He was restricted by the doctor to five cigarettes a day.22. involve:cause (someone) to become connected or concernedExamples:We are involved, whether we like it or not.More than 4 000 workers were involved in strikes in 1946.23. demonstrate:show clearly by giving proof(s) or example(s)Examples:The salesman demonstrated the new washing-machine to the customers.These figures clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country.24. award:give as the result of an official decision, especially a prizeExamples:The University awarded him an honorary degree.The best students are awarded special scholarships.25. assess:judge the quality, importance or worth ofExamples:The value of the property has been assessed at $20 000.Examinations are not the only means of assessing students ability.26. maintain:continue to do or have (something)Examples:Microsoft intends to maintain its position as market leader.The two classmates maintained their friendship for the next forty years.27. enrich:make rich, improve (in quality, flavor, etc.)Examples:An education enriches the mind.American culture has been enriched by European immigrants.28. environment:all the surrounding conditions which influence growth and developmentExamples:A childs character is greatly influenced by his home environment.Schools should be surrounded by a pure and healthy environment.29. at large:as a wholeExamples:The people at large wanted peace.The country at large is hoping for great changes.30. promote:advance (someone) in position; help to organize or startExamples:Within a year he was promoted from teller to assistant cashier.Mutual understanding between the two countries should be promoted.31. rigorous:stern; strictExamples:The training involved rigorous exercises.The examination is rigorous and extreme.32. benefit from / by:gain by; receive advantage fromExamples:Who would be most likely to benefit from the old mans death?You will benefit by taking a holiday.33. facilitate:make easy or less difficultExamples:Modern inventions have facilitated housework.Zip codes are used to facilitate mail service.34. exploit:use or develop (a thing) fully so as to get profitExamples:You must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.They exploit rich resources in wheat and oil.35. equip:make (oneself or another) able (to do something) or prepared (for something)Examples:Your education will equip you to earn a good living.Her evening study has equipped her for a career as an electrical engineer.3.Important sentences1.Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the students program of study, primarily through tutorials.Each Oxford student has a supervisor who advises and instructs the student on a one-to-one basis.2. Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for a particular scholarship before making an application, as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and / or programs.Students should make sure that they are qualified for applying for a particular scholarship because most of the plans will only accept applicants from some specified nations and / or majors.3. In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments in the intellectual environment and society at large.To help meet this goal, the university will give financial and technical support to its teachers in their advanced scientific research for developing the academic environment and the society as a whole.4.Practical Writing Reference Key At Oxford, the university and its individual colleges have different roles to play. Basically, the colleges select their own undergraduate students and take primary responsibility for the students tutorial teaching and well-being. They also provide accommodations, meals, and other care for their students. As for the University, it provides a wide range of resources for teaching and learning in the form of libraries, laboratories, and other facilities. In addition, the University selects and supervises graduate students, and awards degrees in a wide variety of subjects.II Passage B A Once-in-a-Lifetime Journey1.SummaryPresident Hennessy addressed the undergraduate Class of 2015 of Stanford University, 1 709 new freshmen and 47 transfer students. His topic was to address the question of how the students could make the most of their time at Stanford.His first suggestion was to get to know the faculty, to discover their passion for learning and teaching. His second recommendation was to be open to learning from fellow students, especially those with different backgrounds, cultures or beliefs. Thirdly, Hennessy encouraged the class to take advantage of the great research opportunities at Stanford.Finally, he encouraged the students to view their time at Stanford as a once-in-a-lifetime journey. He said Stanford provides the means to transform their lives, as it had for so many of its alumni, and a foundation on which they can make contributions that lead to a better future for the generations that follow.2.Language Points1.contemplate:think (about) deeply and thoughtfullyExamples:The doctor contemplated the diffi cult operation he had to perform.The government has contemplated reforming the entire tax system.2.challenge:question the truth, rightness or validity of somethingExamples:The teacher challenged my statement that rice grows in Oregon.Traditional female roles are constantly being challenged by contemporary feminists.plex:difficult to understand, explain, or deal withExamples:What he said is too complex for me to understand.Life is getting more complex and difficult for the people in that country.4.various:different from each other; (many) different kinds ofExamples:There has been snow today in various parts of the country.He gave me a job of going around the various offices to collect the fees.5.face:be in a position in which one must deal with (a problem or unpleasant situation)Examples:Sooner or later he will face being on his own.Manufacturing industry faces a grim future if the government pursues its present policies.6.appreciate:recognize and enjoy the good qualities or worth ofExamples:He quit his job, because his abilities were not appreciated in the company.They chose to attend the medical college, for doctors are highly appreciated in that country.7.offer:provide; giveExamples:This agreement does not offer much hope of a lasting peace.The booklet offers practical advice to people with housing problems.8.passion:a strong likingExamples:He devoted every spare moment to the pursuit of his passion.She had an extraordinary passion for Shakespeare. She collected almost all his books.9.desire:strong hope or wishExamples:He expressed a desire to see that the papers should be made public.The two leaders spoke their desire for improved relations during the peace talk held last week.10.extraordinary:more than what is ordinary; specialExamples:The government passed an Act to give the army extraordinary powers.Her strength of will was extraordinary; she never gave up no matter what circumstances she was in.11.pursuit:an activity to which one gives ones time, whether as work or for pleasureExamples:The whole magazine is produced and edited in the pursuit of excellence.They are passionate about their life-long pursuit of their chosen subject.12.values:standard or principles; ideas about the worth or importance of certain qualitiesExamples:The values of todays young people differ from those of their parents.People behave in certain ways because of their social values.13.contribute:say or do things to help to make something successfulExamples:He didnt contribute one idea to the discussion.The Song dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization.14.take advantage of:make use ofExamples:We took advantage of the fi ne weather today to play tennis.We will take full advantage of the exceptional opportunities open in export.15.explore:examine (especially a subject or question) carefully in order to fi nd out moreExamples:We must explore all possible ways to increase food production.Mathematics is the instrument used by the physical sciences to explore phenomena and record conclusion.16.sustain:keep in existence over a long period; maintainExamples:The runner was able to sustain the same pace for hours.We were too tired to sustain the interesting conversation.17.rewarding:(of an experience or action) worth doing or having; giving satisfactionExamples:Reading can be rewarding to everyone.A tour of the Great Wall is an immensely rewarding experience.18.urge:request earnestly; try to persuadeExamples:They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform program.19.(be) related (to):connected in some wayExamples:The fall in the cost of living is directly related to the drop in oil price.The theme of the dialogue should be related to the theme of the reading passage.20.assure:tell firmly and with confidence, especially with the aim of removing doubt; promiseExamples:The captain of the ship assured the passengers that there was no danger.They were assured that they would have the right to work.21.individual:a single person or thingExamples:You can have the bathroom designed to suit your individual needs.This honor is not given to me as an individual but as a representative of a literary movement.22.engage:attract and keep (the interest and attention) of (someone)Examples:The spots of blood on the floor engaged the attention of the police.Her attention was engaged by the display of new hats in the shop window.23.transform:change completely in form, arrangement, or natureExamples:The five years that he spent on the ship transformed him from a boy to a man.In the past 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.3.Sentence Explanation1. The changes we have brought in our environment from global warming to the reduction and extinction of various fl ora and fauna force us to face the question of how we will build a model for sustainable existence.The environmental changes, such as global warming and the decreasing and dying out of various plants and animals, pose a severe question. That is: how we should develop an existence pattern in which we can maintain our environmental sustainability.2. Events around the world remind us that we share a small planet among peoples with different beliefs, hopes and cultures, and that understanding and appreciating their ambitions and their history will be critical to building a better world for all.What happens in the world reminds us that we live on and have to share the same “small planet” with peoples who have different beliefs, hopes, and cultures. And we should recognize and value each others desires, hopes, ambitions and each others culture and history, which is crucial to building a better world for us all.3. I hope that you will discover a new understanding and appreciation for the pluralistic society in which we live and fi nd constructive ways to contribute to the world.I hope you will fi nd a new way to understand and appreciate the diversifi ed society we live in and fi nd your own way to serve it.4. You have chosen to attend a university that is not only a great educational institution; it is also a great research institution.The university you attend not only offers you the best opportunity to learn, but also provides you with the best facilities and resources to do research work.5. But it is your children, as individuals, who will choose what excites them, what generates intellectual passion and what engages their very able minds.But it is up to your children to decide what ignites their eagerness to learn, what can stimulate their passion for knowledge, and what is the focus of attention of these talented people.6. I hope your time here transforms your lives, just as it has transformed the lives of so many alumni.I hope your university life here will be a once-in-a-lifetime journey and makes you ready for a new life, just as it has done to so many of the universitys graduates. III General Writing: The Subjunctive MoodThe subjunctive mood is used to express wishes, suggestions, orders or statements contrary to fact. In these types of statements the subjunctive were is used instead of the indicative was. The present subjunctive form of the verb to be is invariably be for all persons, and the past subjunctive form of the verb to be is invariably were. In all other verbs the subjunctive form varies from the indicative only in that, in the present tense, the third person singular ending is lost.Examples:I wish Iwerea little girl. (wish)I suggest that hetakethe subway to his friends house. (suggestion)The instructions were that ten sentencesberevised. (order)If Iwereyou, I would give his suggestion strong consideration. (statement contrary to fact)虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.如果我是你，我就会努力学习If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.与过去相反的假设If+主语+had +过去分词主语should, would, might, couldhave doneIf he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语should, would might, could动词原形If I were to go abroad ,I w
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