相交线与平行线复习讲义

专业好文档龙文个性化辅导讲义 （ 2011学年、第 2 学期）任教科目： 数 学 授课题目：相交线与平行线复习年 级： 七 年 级 任课教师： * 龙文师资培训部编制主管签名：_ 教务长签名：_ 日期：_ 日期：_ 龙文个性化辅导教案授课教师*授课对象*授课时间*授课题目相交线与平行线复习课 型复习使用教具水笔，白纸，讲义教学目标 1.经历对本章所学知识回顾与思考的过程,将本章内容条理化,系统化, 梳理本章的知识结构.毛 2.通过对知识的疏理,进一步加深对所学概念的理解,进一步熟悉和掌握几何语言,能用语言说明几何图形. 3.使学生认识平面内两条直线的位置关系,在研究平行线时,能通过有关的角来判断直线平行和反映平行线的性质,理解平移的性质,能利用平移设计图案教学重点和难点重点:复习正面内两条直线的相交和平行的位置关系,以及相交平行的综合应用.难点:垂直、平行的性质和判定的综合应用.参考教材七年级数学教参教学内容时间分配及备注一、复习提问本章相交线、平行线中学习了哪些主要问题?教师根据学生的回答,逐步形成本章的知识结构图,使所学知识系统化.二、回顾与思考按知识网展开复习.1.对顶角、邻补角。两条直线相交、构成哪两种特殊位置关系的角？指出图(1) 中具有这两种位置的角. (1) (2) (3) 如图(2)中,若AOD=90,那么直线AB,CD的位置关系如何? 如图(3)中,1与2,2与3,3与4是怎么位置关系的角? 强调:对顶角、邻补角是由两条相交面而成的具有特殊位置关系的角，要抓住对顶角的特征，有公共顶角，角的两边互为反向延长线；邻补角的特征：有公共顶有一条公共边，另一边互为反向延长线。 (对顶角有什么性质?(对顶角相等)如果两个对顶角互补或邻补角相等, 你得到什么结论?对顶角总是相等,邻补角一定互补, 但加上其他条件如对顶角或邻补角相等后,那么问题中每个角的度数就随之确定,为90角, 这时两条直线互相垂直.2.垂线及其性质. (1)复习时教师应强调垂线的定义即可以作垂线的制定方法用,也可以作垂线性质用.作判定用时写成:如图(2),因为AOD=90,所以ABCD, 这是一个角的“数”到两直线垂直的“形”的判断。作为性质用时写成：如图(2)，因为ABCD,所以AOD=90。这是由“形”到“数”的说理。(2)如图(4),直线AB、CD、EF相交于点O,CDEF,1=35,求2的度数. (4) (5) (6) (3)垂线性质1和性质2. 垂线性质一说得过一点已知直线的垂线存在并且唯一的. 如图(5),ABL,BCL,B为重足,那么A、B、C三点在同一条直线上吗?为什么? 点到直线的距离、两条平行线的距离. 初中阶级学习了三种距离,即是距离,就要懂得的共同点:距离都是线段的长度,又要懂得区别:两点间的距离是连接这两点的线段的长度,点到直线距离是直线外一点引已知直线的垂线段的长度, 平行线间的距离是某条直线上的一点到另一点平行线的距离. 练习:如图(6),四边形ABCD,ADBC,ABCD,过A作AEBC,过A作AFCD,垂足分别是E、F,量出点A到BC的距离和AB、CD平行线间的距离. 请归纳一下与垂直有关的知识中,有哪些重要结论? 如垂线的性质1、2,又如两种直线都垂直于第三条直线,这两条直线平行, 一条直线与平行线中一条垂直,也与另一条垂直3.同位角、内错角、同旁内角. 只要求学生从图形中找出同位角,内错角,同旁内角.练习:如图(7),找出1、2、3中哪两个是同位角、内错角、同旁内角. (7)4.平行线判定与性质 (1)怎样判别两条直线是否平行. (2)平行线有什么特征? (3)对比平行线的性质和直线平行的条件,它们有什么异同? (4)为什么研究平面内两直线的位置关系总是与角联系起来?围绕这些问题展开讨论,交流. 进一步明确: 平行线的判定也是由“数”即角与角的关系到“形”的判断，而性质则是“形”到“数”的说理，在研究两条直线的垂直或平行时共同点是把研究它们的位置关系转化为研究角或角之间的关系。练习:填空:如图(8),当_时,ac,理由是_;当_时, bc,理由是_;当ab,bc时,_,理由是_. (8) (9) (10) 如图(9),ABCD,A=C,试判断AD与BC的位置关系?为什么? 5.关于平移,思考: (1)图形平移时,连接对应点有什么关系? (2)如何确定图形平移的方向和平移的距离? (3)你能用平移设计一些图案吗? 练习:如图(10),平移四边形ABCD,使点B移动到点B,画出平移后的四边形ABCD.作业一、判断题.1.如果两个角是邻补角,那么一个角是锐角,另一个角是钝角.( )2.平面内,一条直线不可能与两条相交直线都平行.( )3.两条直线被第三条直线所截,内错角的对顶角一定相等.( )4.互为补角的两个角的平行线互相垂直.( )5.两条直线都与同一条直线相交,这两条直线必相交.( )6.如果乙船在甲船的北偏西35的方向线上, 那么从甲船看乙船的方向角是南偏东规定35.( )二、填空题1.a、b、c是直线,且ab,bc,则a与c的位置关系是_.2.如图(11),MNAB,垂足为M点,MN交CD于N,过M点作MGCD,垂足为G,EF 过点N点,且EFAB,交MG于H点,其中线段GM的长度是_到_的距离, 线段MN的长度是_到_的距离,又是_的距离,点N到直线MG 的距离是_. (11) (12)3.如图(12),ADBC,EFBC,BD平分ABC,图中与ADO相等的角有_ 个,分别是_.4.因为ABCD,EFAB,根据_,所以_.5.命题“等角的补角相等”的题设_,结论是_.6.如图(13),给出下列论断:ADBC:ABCD;A=C.以上其中两个作为题设,另一个作为结论,用“如果，那么”形式，写出一个你认为正确的命题是_. (13) (14) (15)7.如图(14),直线AB、CD、EF相交于同一点O,而且BOC=AOC,DOF=AOD,那么FOC=_度.8.如图(15),直线a、b被C所截,aL于M,bL于N,1=66,则2=_.三、选择题.1.下列语句错误的是( ) A.连接两点的线段的长度叫做两点间的距离 B.两条直线平行,同旁内角互补 C.若两个角有公共顶点且有一条公共边,和等于平角,则这两个角为邻补角 D.平移变换中,各组对应点连成两线段平行且相等2.如图(16),如果ABCD,那么图中相等的内错角是( ) A.1与5,2与6; B.3与7,4与8; C.5与1,4与8; D.2与6,7与3 (16)3.下列语句:三条直线只有两个交点,则其中两条直线互相平行; 如果两条平行线被第三条截,同旁内角相等,那么这两条平行线都与第三条直线垂直; 过一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线平行,其中( ) A.、是正确的命题 B.、是正确命题 C.、是正确命题 D.以上结论皆错4.下列与垂直相交的洗法:平面内,垂直于同一条直线的两条直线互相平行; 一条直线如果它与两条平行线中的一条垂直,那么它与另一条也垂直;平行内, 一条直线不可能与两条相交直线都垂直,其中说法错误个数有( ) A.3个 B.2个 C.1个 D.0个四、解答题1.如图(17),是一条河,C河边AB外一点: (1)过点C要修一条与河平行的绿化带,请作出正确的示意图.(2)现欲用水管从河边AB,将水引到C处,请在图上测量并计算出水管至少要多少?(本图比例尺为1:2000)2.如图(18),ABABD,CDMN,垂足分别是B、D点,FDC=EBA. (1)判断CD与AB的位置关系;(2)BE与DE平行吗?为什么? 3.如图(19),1+2=180,DAE=BCF,DA平分BDF. (1)AE与FC会平行吗?说明理由. (2)AD与BC的位置关系如何?为什么?(3)BC平分DBE吗?为什么.4.在方格纸上,利用平移画出长方形ABCD的立体图,其中点D是D的对应点.(要求在立体图中,看不到的线条用虚线表示)Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.9龙文教育网站：