电大桥梁工程考试试题A卷(含答案)小抄

专业好文档命题方式： 单独命题 佛山科学技术学院 2010 2011 学年第 二 学期桥梁工程课程期 末 考试试题(A卷) 专业、班级： 姓名： 学号： 题 号一二三总成绩得 分一 选择填空 (每题2分，共30分)1、装配式梁桥的优点之一是（ C）A、整体性好；B、可节省钢筋和混凝土用量；C、上部结构与下部结构能同时施工；D、相邻构件间铰接，便于转动2.对装配式简支T形梁桥，在保证各主梁的整体性方面起主要作用的是(A)。 A.横隔梁B.联结翼缘板C.桥面铺装D.施加横桥向预应力3.按照拱上结构的形式，可将拱桥分为_拱桥和_拱桥。( B) A.圆弧、抛物线B.实腹式、空腹式 C.石、钢筋混凝土D.板、肋4对于连续梁桥，为使全梁的纵向变形分散在梁的两端，宜将固定支座设置在靠近( B )的支点处。 A.左边B.中间C.靠边D.标高较低的一端5按照不同的静力图式，主拱圈可做成_、_和_。（C ）A.圆弧、抛物线、悬链线 B.圬工、钢筋混凝土、钢C.三铰拱、无铰拱、二铰拱 D.板、肋、箱形6单孔跨径Ld150m的桥梁属于。（D）A、小桥B、中桥C、大桥D、特殊大桥7桥梁两个桥台侧墙或八字墙后端点之间的距离称为（C） A.桥梁跨度 B.桥梁总长 C.桥梁全长 D.桥梁标准跨径8以下适合于悬臂浇注施工的桥是（C）A空心板桥B刚架桥C连续刚构桥D拱桥9桥梁按照结构的受力体系分，哪种桥型是以受弯力为主（ A ）A梁桥 B拱桥C悬索桥D刚架桥共 5 页第 1 页10.桥梁一般由以下哪几部分组成？（ B ）A上部结构、下部结构、照明设备、支座B上部结构、下部结构、支座、附属结构C梁、墩、台、锥坡 D上部结构、下部结构、垫石、附属结构11.公路桥梁中用铰接法来计算荷载横向分布系数时，是以下述何种内力为依据？( C ) A.铰接板的跨中弯矩B.铰接板的支点反力 C.铰接板的铰间剪力D.铰接板的跨中挠度12.梁式桥的标准跨径是指（C）A.相邻两个桥墩(台)之间的净距 B.相邻两个支座中心之间的距离C.相邻两个桥墩中线之间的距离 D.梁的长度13以下适合于悬臂浇注施工的桥是（C）A空心板桥 B刚架桥 C连续刚构桥 D拱桥14.用刚性横梁法计算出的某梁荷载横向分布影响线的形状是（A） A.一根直线 B.一根折线 C.一根曲线 D.一根抛物线15桥梁设计时主梁配筋多少及布置位置最主要依据是（ C ）A跨中截面的最不利内力组合 B.各截面的基本组合内力C.截面的内力包络图 D.截面的束界16.桥梁的_反映了其泄洪能力。（ D ）A.计算跨径 B.总跨径 C.桥梁高度 D.净跨径17.对于连续梁桥，为使全梁的纵向变形分散在梁的两端，宜将固定支座设置在靠近( B )的支点处。 A.左边B.中间C.靠边D.标高较低的一端18.对装配式简支T形梁桥，在保证各主梁的整体性方面起主要作用的是(A)。 A.横隔梁B.联结翼缘板C.桥面铺装D.施加横桥向预应力19、装配式梁桥的优点之一是（ C）A、整体性好；B、可节省钢筋和混凝土用量；C、上部结构与下部结构能同时施工；D、相邻构件间铰接，便于转动20.对于简支梁桥，其净跨径、标准跨径和计算跨径之间的关系是( B )A.净跨径标准跨径计算跨径 B.净跨径计算跨径标准跨径 C.计算跨径标准跨径净跨径 D.标准跨径净跨径计算跨径共 5 页第 2 页二 简答题 （每题5分 共40分）1试述桥梁建筑的发展趋势。答： 1)从设计理论与方法，各种桥型结构都在向大跨径发展。2）材料开发与应用，桥梁建筑材料向高强、轻质新型材料发展。3）施工技术与工艺。中小跨度桥梁主要向标准化工厂预制、现场安装方向发展，而且大型吊装设备的采用越来越广泛。4）美学与环境保护，更重视桥梁美学和景观设计。2一座大桥的设计工作一般分哪几个阶段？其中第一阶段又分哪两个阶段？答：一座大桥的设计工作，应包括桥梁规划设计、初步设计、技术设计和施工图设计四个阶段。桥梁规划设计是桥梁初步设计之前的计划阶段，一般分为“预可”和“工可”阶段。3伸缩缝的伸缩量计算要考虑哪几个因素？答：桥规中对伸缩量的计算要考虑升温降温的影响、混凝土收缩、混凝土徐变以及制动力的影响。4简述柔性墩的工作特点。答：可以通过一些构造措施，将上部结构传来的水平力（包括制动力、温度影响力等）传递到全桥的各个柔性墩台，或相邻的刚性墩台上，以减少单个柔性墩所受水平力，从而达到减小桩墩截面的目的。 5画图表示荷载横向分系数沿桥跨方向的变化规律。答： 6 简述盖梁的设计计算内容为：（1）永久作用及其内力计算；（2）可变作用及其内力计算；（3）施工吊装荷载及其内力计算；（4）效应组合及内力包络图；（5）配筋计算。7对于不等跨拱桥采用不同的拱脚标高来改善桥墩、基础的受力状况时，应降低大跨径孔的拱脚标高还是小跨径孔的拱脚标高？为什么？答：应降低大跨径孔的拱脚，因为大跨径的矢跨比大，拱脚降低，减小了拱脚水平推力对基底的力臂，这样可以使大跨与小跨的恒载水平推力对基底所产生的弯矩得到平衡。共 5 页第 3 页8梁式桥墩计算一般考虑哪些最不利作用效应组合？答：根据不同的验算内容选择可能出现的各种作用进行最不作用效应组合：（1）使桥墩各截面产生最大竖向力的效应组合。（2）使桥墩各截面在顺桥方向上产生最大偏心和最大弯矩的效应组合。（3）使桥墩各截面在横桥方向产生最大偏心和最大弯矩的效应组合。三 计算题 （共40分）1计算跨径 L=19.50m 的桥梁横截面如图所示，试求荷载位于跨中时l号边梁的荷载横向分布系数（车辆荷载，公路II级）。此桥在跨度内设有横隔梁，具有强大的横向连结刚性，且承重结构的长宽比为，。各根主梁的横截面均相等，梁数n5，梁间距为1.60m；l号梁横向影响线的竖标值为：绘制1号梁横向影响线，确定汽车荷载的最不利位置共 5页第 4 页=0.5382五梁式钢筋混凝土简支梁，计算跨径为19.5m。按“G-M法”计算边梁的跨中荷载横向分布系数为：车道荷载：，按“杠杆法”计算边梁的支点荷载横向分布系数为：。，。试计算边梁在公路-II级车道荷载的跨中弯矩和剪力。计算剪力时，共 5页第 5 页Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.