考研英语一真题及答案

2018年考研英语一真题及答案（完整版） 由国留学考研网为大家提供 2018年考研英语一真题及答案， 2018年考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections :Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition many worthwhile things: child care, friendships,etc. On the other hand, putting your in the wrong placeoften carries a high., why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that pleasurablefeelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to with oneanother. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure thishormone puts us in a trusting : In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their who inhaled something else.for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that mayus. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14months can differentiate a credible person and a dishonestone. Sixty toddlers were each to an adult tester holding aplastic container. The tester would ask,“ Whats in here?before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming,“ Wow! Each subject was then invited to look. Half of them found a toy; the other half the container was empty-and realized the tester had them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership., only five of the 30 children paired with the ""tester participated in a follow-up activity. 1. A.on B.like C.for D.from2. A.faith B.concern C.attention D.interest3. A.benefit B.debt C.hope D.price4. A.Therefore B.Then C.Instead D.Again5. A.Until B.Unless C.Although D.When6. A.selects B.produces C.applies D.maintains7. A.consult B.compete C.connect D.compare8. A.at B.by C.of D.to9. A.context B.mood C.period D.circle10. A.counterparts B.substitutes C.colleagues D.supporters11. A.Funny B.Lucky C.Odd D.Ironic12. A.monitor B.protect C.surprise D.delight13. A.between B.within C.toward D.over14. A.transferred B.added C.introduced D.entrusted15. A.out B.back C.around D.inside16. A.discovered B.proved C.insisted D.remembered17. A.betrayed B.wronged C.fooled D.mocked18. A.forced B.willing C.hesitant D.entitled19. A.In contrast B.As a result C.On the whole D.For instance20. A.inflexible B.incapable C.unreliable D.unsuitable1 .【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things 一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。而 A选项from , C选项likeD选 项on均语义不搭。2 .【答案】A【解析】此处考察语义一致和对上下文辨析的问题。该空是做put的宾语，通过前面的On the one hand, its anecessary condition many worthwhile things: child care,friendships, etc. ;on the other hand可以得知该题仍然是在讲述关于主题trust的问题，所以只有faith最合适。而B选项 concern, C 选项 attention, D 选项 interest 均不符题意。3 .【答案】D【解析】此处考察词义辨析。前文说到putting your inthe wrong place often carries a high, 可以知道该空肯定 也是填贬义，但肯定不能是debt债务这种具体含义，所以只 能选price,并且carries a high price也指付由高昂的代价。4 .【答案】B【解析】此题考察上下文逻辑关系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊，该段所指内容 , why do we trust at all? 所以采用 了递进关系，进一步说明信任的具体内容。只有D选项then最符合语义搭配。而 A选项again表示强调;B选项instead 表转折；而C选项therefore表结果，均不符合。5 .【答案】D【解析】此处再一次考察逻辑关系。该空 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin , a hormone,只有when符合上下文语境和逻辑语境。6 .【答案】B【解析】该题是考察定语从句的动宾搭配问题。上一句说当 人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，a hormone thatpleasurable feelings这个that就是定语从句，指这种荷尔蒙能 令人愉悦的感觉，只能是 produce最符合语境。7 .【答案】C【解析】考察词义辨析。该空所填为动词，并且要求与之后的 with 形成搭配。 and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to with one another.说明这种荷尔蒙能够引发一种群居本能，这种本能能让羊群聚在一起，and的后面的内容也与前面的flock together同义复现。所以只有connect最符合语境。8 .【答案】D【解析】该题考察固定搭配。与exposure to构成固定搭配的关系。表示接触”9 .【答案】B【解析】该题考察上下文语义。上文中说到这种荷尔蒙会给 人带来一种愉悦的情绪，通过这个结论，可以得由这种荷尔 蒙能让人有让人信任的情绪/心绪。只有mood是最合适的答 案。10 .【答案】A【解析】此处仍然是考察上下文语境。上文中 In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; 能从下文得知这也是只本句讲另外一组受试者。conuterparts表示对应物，对应的人。11 .【答案】B【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。从后文中的 also可以看 由前后一致的关系。前文对于这种天赋都是褒义的色彩，所 以答案此时应该是lucky。12 .【答案】B【解析】同样也是因为also,说明前后一致关系。只能选择protect.13 .【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。 A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate a credible personand a dishonest one.选则between意为：14个月大的孩子能 在诚实和不诚实的人之间进行区分。14 .【答案】C【解析】考察搭配。结合原文语境，Sixty toddlers wereeach_to adult tester holding a plastic container 选项 C “be introduced to sth表示 初次认识莫物。”符合原文语境。15 .【答案】D【解析】本题考察借此搭配及词义复现。根据原文“whats in here? ” before lking into the containerEach subject was then invited to. 选项D与前文所表达的in here和looking into 相关。因此D为正选。16 .【答案】A【解析】本题考察词义复现。根据语境“half of them found atoy; the other half 16 the container was empty. 这是用分好并 列连接的两个句子，属于并列关系。因此，前半句讲一般的 受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句在肯定其他人会怎么 说。像个小分局的结构基本一直。因此本题填入的含义应该 与found含义相同。因此，A选项发现为正选。17 .【答案】C【解析】根据本题语境，此句在破折号后面，是对前面的意 思解释说明。前面提到了另一半人发现盒子是空的，并且易 世达测试者对他们怎么样。既然盒子是空的，那么肯定认识 到测试者是在戏弄他们，所以对此题必须要理解测试者是主 语，宾语是Them指的是受测者。主语的含义决定了谓语的 含义为戏弄。因此 C选项为正选。18 .【答案】B【解析】考察搭配。根据句子结构我们可以看由逗号之前是 一个介词短语，意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面，大多 数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是如何 的。 Demonstrating that they trusted his leadership 表明这些孩 子信任他的领导。因此，既然信任他们就表示愿意合作。所 B选项 willing to do 构成固定搭配。19 .【答案】A【解析】本题考察逻辑关系。根据原文语境 only five of the 30 children paried with the a20tester participated in afollow- up activity.逋过该句中的only,可以看由与上文的大多数”形成鲜明对比。因此，本题应该选择转折逻辑关系。A选项为正选。20 .【答案】C【解析】本题考察词义辨析。根据原文语境；在接下来的活动 中，30个孩子中有5个孩子与样的测试者能合作，所以结 合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试者，但是5/30属于小部分，大部分测试者对应的是信任，而小部分应该对应的是不 信任。因此，C选项不可靠”为正选。Section n Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs? Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21 .【题干】 Who will be most threatened by automation?【选项】A.Leading politicians.B.Low-wage laborers.C.Robot owners.D.Middle-class workers.21 答案 D Middle-class workers这是一道具体细节题，题干问道 那些人受自动化威胁最大 ？” 根据段落定位原则，第一题应该到第一段和第二段寻找答 案，A选项主要的政治领导人，而原文只是在一段提到了 presidential campaign,并未提到政治领导人受自动化影响;B选项低收入劳动者，在二段说道 lower-income jobs don t appeal to robots,说明不会受到影响；C选项机器人的所有者， 在二段末句提至 ij the rich own the robots, so they will be fine.可以看到他们也是不受影响的；故选择C,可以从二段的But后找到根据。22 .【题干】Which of the following best represent the authors view?【选项】A.Worries about automation are in fact groundless.23 Optimists opinions on new tech find little support.C.Issues arising from automation need to be tackledD.Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided24 答案 C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled这是一道作者观点细节题，题干问道 下列哪项最能代表作者 观点”根据上一题可知，这道题应该从第三段寻找答案，这种题一般到首句、末句或转折后寻找观点。首句就说到上面提 到的威胁不是alarmist危言耸听的；末句提到中产阶级工人需 要很多帮助来调整自己。根据这两部分可知选项 C是正确的， A选项说对自动化的担心是groundless的和文意相反；B选项说乐观主义者对新技术的支持几乎没有找到支持不符合本 段第二句和第三句，与原文相反；D选项新技术的负面影响可 以避免与本段末句不符，既然需要中产阶级去适应，那就说 明是不可避免的，也应排除。25 .【题干】 Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on.【选项】A.creative potential.B.job-hunting skills.C.individual needs.D.cooperative spirit.23 答案 A creative potential这是一道具体细节题，题干问到 自动化时代的教育应该重视 什么”可定位到第四段，第一句就提到了应对这个时代的第一 步就是 rethinking education and job training 。具体方法在后面 也给由来了， curriculums should focus more on creativity andcomplex communication , 更重视仓1J新和复杂的交际，A A 选项是正确的。这道题的对应非常直接，其他几个选项几乎不 构成干扰。26 .【题干】 The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at.【选项】A.encouraging the development of automation.B.increasing the return on capital investment.C.easing the hostility between rich and poor. D.preventing the income gap from widening.27 .答案 D.preventing the income gap from widening.这是一道观点细节题，问作者认为税收政策应该以什么为目 标。根据题干关键词定位至第六段，六段首句说因为自动化 预示着劳资双方的收入在扩大，所以，税收和安全保障也将 必须重新考虑。接着第二句就在具体解释税收政策该如何改 变，如应该免去低工资工人的税，个人所得税应该增加，最 后一句话指由，这将提高收入，豉励就业，激励那些创造就 业的公司，减少不平等。由此可得知，关于税收政策的目标 就是阻止收入差距扩大，答案是 Do28 . 【题 干】In this text, the author presents a problem with.【选项】A.pposing views on it.B.possible solutions to it.C.its alarming impacts.D.its major variations.25. 答案 B.possible solutions to it.纵观全文，作者在前两段提由了一个问题，即自动化将威胁 到中产阶级工人的工作，第三段指由乐观主义者认为这也许 对工人们是有利的，只不过中产阶级工人可能需要做由一定 的改变。从第四段到第六段就是作者给生的一些解决办法， 如教育上要改变，培养学生的创造性和实际技能，以及对于 税收政策的调整等，最后一段是概括总结，所以这是一篇提 由问题，分析问题并解决问题的文章，所以，答案是 B,作 者提由了问题，并且给由了可能的解决措施。考研英语真题考研数学真题政治真题专业课真题英语一真题英语二真题数学一真题数学二真题 数学三真题数农真题考研英语答案考研数学答案政治答案专业课答案英语一答案英语二答案数学一答案数学二答案 数学三答案数农答案