全国职称英语考试 综合A 真题与答案解析 标准版

2014年全国职称英语考试 综合A 真题与答案解析 标准版第1部分：词汇1、There was an inclination to treat geographyas a less important subject.Apoint B result C finding Dtendency2、New secretariescame and went with monotonous regularity.A amazing B depressing C predictable D dull3、The committee was asked to render a reportabout the housing situation.Acopy B publish C summarize Dfurnish4、The group does not advocate the use of violence.Alimit B supportC regulate D oppose5、The originalexperiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A invented B reproduced C designed D reported6、The department deferred the decision for six monthsA put offB arrived at C abided by Dprotested against7、The symptoms of thedisease manifested themselves ten days later.A eased B improved C relieved D appeared8、The uniform makes the guards look absurd.A serious B beautiful Cimpressive D ridiculous 9、Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A motionless B silent C seated D true10、The country wastorn apart by strife.A conflict B poverty C war D economy11、She felt that she had done a good deed forthe day.A actB homework C justice D model12、A persons wealthis often in inverse proportion to theirhappiness.A equal B certain C large D opposite13、His professionalcareer spanned 16 years.A started B changed C lasted D moved14、His stomach felt hollow with fear.Asincere B respectful C emptyD terrible15、This was disasteron a cosmic scale.A modest B commercial C huge D national第2部分：概括大意 TheStoryteller1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: totell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And thats what hehas always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielbergspent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the verybeginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that wouldlater inspire his filmmaking.2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clearmemories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggesthits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up tohis parents 1966 divorce, “It is really about a young boy who was in search ofsome stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,” recalls his mother, LeahAdler. “When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. Andthats just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands onhis dads movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War battles. Spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him tomake friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became thecenter of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly getquiet so that they could all hear it.”4. Spielberg moved to California with his fatherand went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated.Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-creditinternship（实习）in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is stilltelling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where hegets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs.“The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),”he says.“There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety ofreasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.” A. Inspirations for his movies B. The trouble of making movies C. A funny man D. Getting into the movie business E. Telling stories to make friends F. An aim of life 23. Paragraph 1_F_24.Paragraph 2_A_25.Paragraph 3_E_26.Paragraph 4_D_ A. almost everything B. telling scary stories C. a number of reasons D. making children laugh E. his childhood memories F. a lot of money 27.Some of Spielbergs most successful movies came from _E_28.When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of _A_29. Spielberg is very good at _B_30.Spielberg says he makes movies for _C_第3部分 判断对错Wanna buy abody? That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got fromself-e mployed photographers when I was a photo editor at USNewsLike many in the mainstream press, I wantedto separate the world of photographers into them ,who trade inpictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, andus ,the serious newspeopleBut after 16 yearsin that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easilydistinguishableWork ing in thereputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other peoplesdifficult life situationsI justifiedmarching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the readers right toknowI worked with professionals talking their wayinto situations or shooting from behind police linesAnd I wasnt aloneIn any Americantown, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary peopleare hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers totake photos of the blood and injuriesBut you are likelyto see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene and fast .How can we justifydoing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worryingabout the consequences of publishing what they recordRepeatedly, they are reminded of anews-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may liebleeding, unconscious, or deadYour job is torecord the image （图象）Youre aphotographer, not an emergency medical workerYou put away yourfeelings and document the sceneBut catastrophicevents often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editorsIn the first minutes and hours after adisaster occurs, photo agencies buy picturesThey rush toobtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death isusually the subjectOften, an agencybuys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it upfor bid by major magazinesThe mostsought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars throughbidding contestsI worked on allthose stories and many like themWhen they happen,you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the picturesNow, many peoplebelieve journalists are the hypocrites （伪君子） who need to bebrought down, and its our pictures that most anger othersReaders may not believe, as we do, that thereis a distinction between clear-minded us and mean-spiritedthemIn too many cases, by our choices of imagesas well as how we getthem, we prove our readers right16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The writer believes that shooting peoples nightmares is justifiable.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Journalists arent supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第4部分 阅读理解The National TrustThe National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not arich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest.The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the generalpublic, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a verysmall charge.In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3 , nature reserves4, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some completevillages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life, preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuture generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31. The national trust is a B、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service32、 The national trust is dedicated to D、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic33、We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion _C、saved many old country houses in britain34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except _A、the trust more interested in protecting the 16 century houses35、the word “invade”in pargraph 4 1s closest in meaning to C、visit in large numberHow we form first impressionWe all have first impressionof someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits. The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a persons eyes,ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called thecortex （大脑皮层）system to determine what thesenew signals “mean”. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar andsafe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “newpotentially threatening”. Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known”memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice areall matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brainmay say, “This is new. I dont like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But thesespreliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use aless mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people their history, interest, values,strengths, and true character we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. However, if we resist initialstereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes,dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, moremature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, which allowus to be humane.1. Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _-facial feature2. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say_ I like the person3. The word “preliminary” means _initial4. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _we neglect their depth and breath5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a studyhas suggested. The report ,which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published inCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.”She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace. The challenge now is how we turn thesefindings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”31. All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage_EXCEPT_A. breathingexerciseB.regular walkingC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices32. It can be inferred from Dr. AlpaPatels study that_.A. women have fewer chances of physicalactivityB. dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancerC. leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer riskD. walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer33. Dr. Alpa Patel was_.A. headof the survey studyB. chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC. chair of the American Cancer SocietyD. chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign34. Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?A. Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.B. The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.C.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womenD. Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women35. The word “sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning to ?A.continuableB. affordableC. availableD. persistent第5部分：补全短文Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their storiesNEWYORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martins Press has announced the release of thepaperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelistJohn Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimatelyforgiveness.”The story began in 1987, in Burlington,North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named JenniferThompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would neverforget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of herapartment and assaulted her brutally._f_(46)When the police asked her ifshe could identify the assilant(袭击者)from a book of mug shots, she pickedone that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in alineup.Based on her convincing eyewithness testimony,a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for twolife terms. Cottons lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of theappeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapistmight have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal namedBobby Poole._d_(47)Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, andonce again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.Eleven years later, DNA evidencecompletely exonerated(证明清白)Cotton and justas unequivocally(明确地)convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. _e_(48) “The man I was sosure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, whoraped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” shewrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions wasabsolutely innocent.”_a_(49) Remarkably both were ableto put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them,and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir of injustice andredemption.”Nevertheless, Thompson says, she stilllives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly_c_(50)”A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meetCotton and apologize to him personally.B. Many criminals are sent to prison onthe basis of accurate testimony by eyewithnesses.C. I cannot begin to imagine what wouldhave happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital caseD. Another trial was held.