山东省2021届高考英语考前押题卷一（含解析）

山东省2021届高考英语考前押题卷（一）（含解析）注意事项：1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHOMESCHOOLING AWAY FROM HOMEDynamic programs for homeschooled students are transforming the outside home areas into a classroom in and of itself, where homeschoolers can take advantage of a wealth of lessons to last a lifetime? Have a quick look at the following. They might be a good fit to discover the wonder-filled world outside the home.An Undersea ViewFor kids who are into aquatic (水生的) life, The Aquarium of the Pacific is a great space to socialize and engage in hands-on learning with marine life. The aquarium offers a range of resources, including homeschool field trips, dedicated homeschool days with discounted admission rates. Volunteering includes 4.5 hours of learning and interacting with aquarium guests on a weekly basis. This offers home-schoolers the chance to practice public speaking and science communication.A Learning Triple TreatThe Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens welcome groups of 25 or more homeschool students from the same grade to participate in a 90-minute, docent-led program exploring the art collections, botanical gardens and library free of charge. The treat is available every Monday. Hands-on learning in the conservatorys plant lab will be the highlight.Brains at PlayKidspace Childrens Museum in Pasadena will help you get your homeschoolers out of the house with 3.5 acres of mostly outdoor, kiddriven experiences. These include more than 40 hands-on exhibits where kids can explore natural environments and investigate science and artistic forms of expression.Homeschool families are supported via quarterly homeschool days, with an admission fee of $15 per adult-child pair.The Flip Side of LearningIf being forced to study has your homeschooler bouncing off the walls, Tempest Academy is welcome. There will be constant moving, jumping, climbing and rolling. Mostly, however, there will be community. Building a community is a major theme for this sport, and students grow, learn and collaborate by taking on challenges alongside their fellows. Kids of all ages are welcome.1. What do we know a bout An undersea View?A. Volunteers can interact with visitors.B. It helps to develop childrens social skills fully.C. It only opens to those kids who are into voluntary work.D. Every participant has a chance to practice public speaking.2. Which program will be the nicest fit if kids want to appreciate works of art?A. An Undersea View.B. Brains at Play.C. A Learning Triple Treat.D. The Flip Side of Learning.3. What can we infer from the four programs in the text?A. They are all free of charge.B. They require different age limits.C. All are intended for kids with learning problems.D. All attach great importance to homeschoolers involvement.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了接受家庭教育孩子离家学习的好处以及多种可选择的项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“Volunteering includes 4.5 hours of learning and interacting with aquarium guests on a weekly basis. (志愿服务包括每周4.5小时的学习和与水族馆客人的互动)”可知，参观海底景观时，志愿者可以与来访者互动。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens welcome groups of 25 or more homeschool students from the same grade to participate in a 90-minute, docent-led program exploring the art collections, botanical gardens and library free of charge. (Huntington图书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园欢迎25名或以上来自同一年级的家庭学校学生参加一个90分钟的项目，讲解员领导的项目，免费探索艺术收藏馆、植物园和图书馆)”可推知，如果孩子们想欣赏艺术作品，“A Learning Triple Treat”项目最合适。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“This offers home-schoolers the chance to practice public speaking and science communication. (这为在家上学的孩子提供了练习公共演讲和科学传播的机会)”、第三段“The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens welcome groups of 25 or more homeschool students from the same grade to participate in a 90-minute, docent-led program exploring the art collections, botanical gardens and library free of charge (Huntington图书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园欢迎25名或以上来自同一年级的家庭学校学生参加一个90分钟的项目，讲解员领导的项目，免费探索艺术收藏馆、植物园和图书馆)”、第四段“Kidspace Childrens Museum in Pasadena will help you get your homeschoolers out of the house with 3.5 acres of mostly outdoor, kiddriven experiences. (位于帕萨迪纳的Kidspace儿童博物馆将帮助你让在家上学的孩子走出家门，为他们提供3.5英亩的户外体验)”以及第五段“If being forced to study has your homeschooler bouncing off the walls, Tempest Academy is welcome. (如果被迫学习让自学者感到震惊，Tempest学院是受欢迎的)”可推知，从课文中的四个项目中我们能推断出，所有人都非常重视自学者的参与。故选D项。BDistantly related to the larger, better-known black-and-white giant panda, the red panda is a mere creature found in the mountains of Nepal, Myanmar, and central China.The red panda is dwarfed by the black-and-white giant that shares its name. These pandas typically grow to the size of a house cat, though their big, bushy tails add an additional 46 centimeters. They use their ringed tails as wraparound blankets in the cold mountain heights.The red panda shares the giant pandas rainy, high-altitude forest habitat, but has a wider range. Red pandas live in the mountains of Nepal and northem Myanmar, as well as in central China.These animals spend most of their lives in trees and even sleep aloft. When hunting, they are most active at night as well as in the hours ofdusk and dawn.Red pandas have a taste for bamboo but, unlike their larger relatives, they eat many other foods as well fruit, acorns, roots, and eggs. Like giant pandas, they have an extended wrist bone that functions almost like a thumb (拇指) and greatly aids their grasp.They are shy and alone except when mating. Females give birth in the spring and summer, typically to one to four young. Young red pandas remain in their nests for about 90 days, during which time their mother cares for them. Males take little or no interest in their young babies.The red panda has given scientists taxonomic (分类的) fits. It has been classified as a relative of the giant panda, and also of the raccoon, with which it shares a ringed tail. Currently, red pandas are considered members of their own unique family the Ailuridae.Red pandas are endangered, victims of deforestation. Their natural space is shrinking as more and more forests are destroyed by logging and the spread of agriculture.4 Which of the following best describes the red panda?A. Big and bushy.B. Particular about food.C. Active in the day.D. Hard to fit into a category.5. How can we easily tell a red panda from a giant panda?A. By their size.B. By their habitat.C. By the way they hunt.D. By their wrist bone.6. What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?A. The raccoon.B. The red panda.C. The giant panda.D. The taxonomic fit.7. What is the purpose of the text?A. To compare a variety of pandas.B. To explain the classification of pandas.C. To raise awareness of protecting wildlife.D. To make an introduction to a unique animal.【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小熊猫的居住地以及其习性。【4题详解】推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“It has been classified as a relative of the giant panda, and also of the raccoon, with which it shares a ringed tail. Currently, red pandas are considered members of their own unique family the Ailuridae. (它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为浣熊的近亲，浣熊与小熊猫有环状的尾巴。目前，小熊猫被认为是自己独特家族的一员熊猫科)”可推知，小熊猫很难被归类。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“The red panda shares the giant pandas rainy, high-altitude forest habitat, but has a wider range. Red pandas live in the mountains of Nepal and northem Myanmar, as well as in central China. (小熊猫和大熊猫一样都生活在多雨的、高海拔的森林栖息地，但范围更广。小熊猫生活在尼泊尔、缅甸北部以及中国中部的山区。)”可推知，根据小熊猫和大熊猫的栖息地不同，可以轻易区分小熊猫和大熊猫。故选A项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The red panda has given scientists taxonomic fits. (小熊猫给科学家提供了分类学上的依据)”和“It has been classified as a relative of the giant panda, and also of the raccoon (它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为浣熊的近亲)”以及下文“shares a ringed tail (都有一条环状的尾巴)”可推知，此处意为小熊猫与浣熊相似，都有环状的尾巴，所以文章第七段中带下划线的“it”指的是小熊猫。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文并且根据文章首段“Distantly related to the larger, better-known black-and-white giant panda, the red panda is a mere creature found in the mountains of Nepal, Myanmar, and central China. (小熊猫与更大、更知名的黑白相间的大熊猫有着远亲关系，它只是在尼泊尔、缅甸和中国中部山区发现的一种动物)”可推知，本文的目的是向读者介绍介绍一种独特的动物小熊猫。故选D项。CBorn in 1921, Paul Smith was diagnosed with a severe disease that affects motor abilities and strength. Since he could not grasp the artists tools, his creations turned to the typewriter.His works include his childhood fascination with trains, spiritual leaders, war scenes and country heroes. Its not so much the subject that is remarkable about Pauls work, its the painstaking skill of using symbols on a typewriter to form perfect copy of existing work, and creative representations of his surroundings.Pauls images employed only a handful of symbol keys - !, , , , , (, &, ) which were accessible along the top row of his typewriter keyboard. Remarkable, when a person considers that hand typewriters required the ribbons to be positioned, the roller to be adjusted, and the paper to be secured. Typewriters, of that time, left no room for error since erasing mistaken keystrokes was not a clean option.As he typed, he would lock the shift key in a safe position not to type numbers. He used his left hand to steady his right. Different symbols created the look of varied textures (神韵), and depending on the look to achieve, he would adjust the spacing to type the symbols near or far. And, he adjusted the roller to perfect spaces between lines.Depending on its size and complexity, it could take anywhere from two weeks to three months to complete one piece. He worked, on average, a couple of hours every day on his art. After all of that work, one wouldnt blame Paul if he sought to sell his work, but by all accounts, he would give away his pieces. As his distinctive art form gained interest from others, the number of orders for his artwork increased.In 2007 the world lost Paul Smith at the age of 85. For this American, creating art was a leisurely pursuit and a form of expression. To the art world, he set a high bar for typewriter artists that many have tried to match, but few are able to repeat it.8. What do we know about the tool Paul Smith worked with?A. It has only symbol keys.B. It requires ribbons and a roller.C. It is specially made for him.D. The spacing is not adjustable.9. What did Paul Smith have to do to work out his production?A. Lock the shift key.B. Erase mistakes neatly.C. Steady all the symbols.D. Adjust the keys precisely.10. Which of the following can best describe Paul Smiths works?A. Primitive.B. Sensitive.C. Innovative.D. Time efficient.11. What can we learn from Paul Smiths story?A. Art comes from life.B. Efforts work wonders.C. Patience is a virtue.D. Technique does count.【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Paul Smith身残志坚，通过自己努力，创造出了一种独特的打字机，Paul的故事启示我们，努力才能取得成功。【8题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第三段“Remarkable, when a person considers that hand typewriters required the ribbons to be positioned, the roller to be adjusted, and the paper to be secured. (当一个人考虑到手动打字机需要定位色带，调整滚筒，固定纸张时，这是很了不起的)”可知，Paul Smith使用的工具需要色带和滚筒。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As he typed, he would lock the shift key in a safe position (当他打字时，他会把换档钥匙锁在一个安全的位置）”可知，为了完成自己的作品，Paul Smith不得不锁定换档钥匙。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He used his left hand to steady his right. Different symbols created the look of varied textures, and depending on the look to achieve, he would adjust the spacing to type the symbols near or far. And, he adjusted the roller to perfect spaces between lines. (他用左手稳住右手。不同的符号创造出不同纹理的外观，根据所要实现的外观，他会调整间距来输入符号的远近。他还调整了滚筒，使其线条之间的间距达到完美。)”可推知，Paul Smith的想法非常具有创造力，他的作品是创新的一种方式。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“Born in 1921, Paul Smith was diagnosed with a severe disease that affects motor abilities and strength. Since he could not grasp the artists tools, his creations turned to the typewriter. (出生于1921年的Paul Smith被诊断出患有一种严重的影响运动能力和力量的疾病。由于他不能握住艺术家的工具，他的创作转向了打字机)”可知，Paul Smith虽然患病却没有放弃。又通过文章最后一段“To the art world, he set a high bar for typewriter artists that many have tried to match, but few are able to repeat it.( 对于艺术界来说，他为打字机艺术家设置了一个很高的标准，很多人都试图与之匹配，但很少有人能够重复)”可知，Paul Smith身患疾病却为美国打字机艺术开创了一个未来。由此推知Paul Smith的故事启示我们，努力就能创造奇迹。故选B项。DThe role of media historically has been central to the making of society and the construction of identity. It is vital in the search for information, stories and art to feed the human spirit and imagination to overcome the challenges ahead.In an age of false news and misinformation, good quality content is more valuable than ever. History provides some context. In the UK the development of the liberal(自由的)media prior to the 1950s was characterized by a clear hierarchy(等级)when it came to the control of information. This model eventually gave way to a popular, audience-driven mass media in the 1980s, when the idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure took root.Today, as more content is distributed via social platforms and the division between content creators and content consumers is unclear, technology companies or “super competitors” are taking greater responsibility for guaranteeing the quality and integrity of information. Perhaps as a reaction to this and with an odd nod to pre-1950s paternalism(家长式管理), there is a rising call for governments and regulators to take a more active role in the production and spreading of news to ensure equitable access to information.Access to or quality of content is better than ever. But while destination media compete to become leaders in their specific areas, the tech giants are working out how to use media to dominate time, spend and data. What will be the impact of the strategies of the tech giants on the overall media landscape? The poet and novelist, Ben Okri, writes, “It may well be that it is not only science that saves us. We may also be saved by laughter, by the optimism of being able to see beyond these times, with stories, with community, with songs.”In the absence of real contact, interaction and the consumption of experience is now mostly mediated(调解). The value and integrity of media has never been more relevant and significant.12. What do the underlined words “some context” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The development of the liberal media.B. The model of the British clear hierarchy.C. The changing of factors determining media content.D. The idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure.13. What is the major problem media today are facing?A Media are losing their roles in shaping society.B. Its hard to divide content creators and consumers.C. Media are misused to dominate time, spend and data.D. The quality and integrity of information cant be available.14. What does Ben Okri intend to tell us?A. Our life lacks passion.B. People need proper media content.C. Science can by all means save us.D. Media cannot change the real life.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The Core of MediaValue and IntegrityB. The Transformation of Media ContentC. The Impact of Tech Giants on MediaD. The Ups and Downs of Media【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述媒体的发展和核心问题媒体的价值观和完整性。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“History provides some context.（历史提供了一些背景。）”说明下文讲述的是和some context有关的内容。下文“In the UK the development of the liberal(自由的)media prior to the 1950s was characterized by a clear hierarchy(等级)when it came to the control of information. This model eventually gave way to a popular, audience-driven mass media in the 1980s, when the idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure took root.（在20世纪50年代之前的英国，自由媒体的发展特征是在信息控制方面有一个清晰的等级制度。这种模式最终在20世纪80年代被流行的、以观众为导向的大众媒体所取代，当时媒体作为大众快乐的来源的想法开始生根。）”主要讲述的是媒体内容决定因素的变化。C 项“The changing of factors determining media content.（决定媒体内容的因素的变化。）”解释了some context的内容，符合题意。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Access to or quality of content is better than ever. But while destination media compete to become leaders in their specific areas, the tech giants are working out how to use media to dominate time, spend and data.（对内容的访问或质量比以往任何时候都好。但是，当目的地媒体竞相成为其特定领域的领导者时，科技巨头们正在研究如何利用媒体主导时间、花费和数据。）”可知，今天媒体面临的主要问题是被误用来支配时间、花费和数据。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“The poet and novelist, Ben Okri, writes, “It may well be that it is not only science that saves us. We may also be saved by laughter, by the optimism of being able to see beyond these times, with stories, with community, with songs.”（诗人兼小说家Ben Okri写道：“很可能不仅仅是科学拯救了我们。通过故事、社区和歌曲，我们也可能被笑声、能够看到超越时代的乐观精神所拯救。”）”可以推断，Ben Okri认为人们需要适当的媒体内容。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The role of media historically has been central to the making of society and the construction of identity. It is vital in the search for information, stories and art to feed the human spirit and imagination to overcome the challenges ahead.（历史上，媒体的作用一直是社会形成和身份建构的核心。在寻找信息、故事和艺术的过程中，培养人类的精神和想象力以克服未来的挑战是至关重要的。）”和最后一段“The value and integrity of media has never been more relevant and significant.（媒体的价值观和完整性从未像现在这样重要。）”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述媒体的发展和核心问题媒体的价值观和完整性。所以A选项“The Core of MediaValue and Integrity（媒体的核心价值与诚信）”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Scientists rely on journal papers to share their scientific results. _16_Once researchers are confident of their results, they write up a manuscript(手稿)and send it to a joumal. Editors forward the submitted manuscripts to at least two external referees who are expert in the topic. These reviewers can suggest the manuscript be rejected, published as is, or sent back to the scientists for more experiments. _17_Research published in peer-reviewed journals has undergone strict quality control by experts. Each year, about 2, 800 peer-reviewed journals publish roughly 1.8 million scientific papers. The body of scientific knowledge is constantly evolving and updating, but you can trust that the science these journals describe is sound. Retraction policies help correct the record if mistakes are discovered post-publication._18_To get the word out faster, scientists sometimes post research papers on whats called a preprint server. These often have “RXiv”pronounced “archive”in their name:MedRXiv, BioRXiv and so on. These articles have not been peer-reviewed and so are not proven by other scientists. Preprints provide an opportunity for other scientists to evaluate and use the research as building blocks in their own work sooner.How long has this work been on the preprint server? If its been months and it hasnt yet been published in the peer-reviewed literature, be very skeptical. _19_During the COVID-19 crisis, with researchers hurrying to understand a dangerous new virus and rushing to develop lifesaving treatments, preprint servers have been littered with immature and unproven science. Demanding research standards have been sacrificed for speed.Be smartly aware of research published in what are called predatory (损人利己的) journals. _20_Papers from any of the thousands of known predatory journals should be treated with strong skepticism.A. That process is called “peer review”.B. Peer review normally takes months.C. Call to confirm that they are proven correct.D. However, they cant guarantee the papers are correct.E. They let the world see what research has been done, and how.F. They dont peer-review manuscripts, and they charge authors a fee to publish.G. The scientists submitting the preprint may not come from a reliable institution.【答案】16. E 17. A 18. B 19. G 20. F【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了科学家发表研究论文的过程，并提醒要警惕在损人利己期刊上发表的科学论文。【16题详解】上文“Scientists rely on journal papers to share their scientific results.”讲述科学家们依靠期刊来分享他们的科学成果，E项“他们让世界看看做了什么研究，以及如何做的。”与上文是因果关系，they指代上文提到的“Scientists”，说明科学家分享科学成果的目的。故选E。【17题详解】上文“Once researchers are confident of thei