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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,国际音标,1.,什么是国际音标？,由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的,分歧,所以无法完全根据字母来读音。,为了精确地学习和掌握语音,就要借,助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷,于是便,产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，叫做“音符”,(Phonetic symbols),。,国际音标（旧称万国音符）是国际,语音学协会（,IPA -International,Phonetic Association),于,1888,年拟定的一套为各国语言注音的语音符号。我们这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有,48,个,其中,元音音标,20,个，辅音音标,28,个。,英语元音,(English vowels),英语元音音素共,20,个。分单元音和双元音两大类。,a.,前元音：,/i:/,/i/,/e/,/,b.,后元音：,/:/,/,/:/,/u/,/u:/,/,c.,中元音：,/,:/,/,/,a.,合口双元音：,/,ei,/,/,u,/,/,ai,/,/au/,/,i/,b.,集中双元音：,/i /,/,/,/,u,/,单元音的分类,双元音的分类,a.,爆破音,/p/,/b/,/t,/d/,/k/,/,/,b.,摩擦音,/f/,，,/v/,，,/,，,/,，,/s/,，,/z/,/,，,/,，,/h/,/r/,c.,破擦音,/t,/,，,/,d,/,，,/,tr,/,，,/,dr,/,，,/,ts,/,，,/,dz,/,d.,鼻音,/m/,/n/,/,e.,旁流音（舌侧音）,/l/,f.,半元音,/w/,/j/,英语辅音,(English consonants)(,共,28,个）,前元音,:,/i:/,feel,heat,热,leap,跳,/,/,bad,land,Dad,map,hat,/i/,fill,hit,lip,嘴唇,/e/,bed,lend,dead,met,head,前元音练习,:,bee bill,deep dig,task test,Give me a beefsteak,peas,and beer,please.,Catch that mad black cat,Better late than never.(,迟做总比不做好,),Better to do well than to say well.(,口说不如实干,),A friend in need is a friend indeed,（患难之交才是真朋友）,后元音,:,/:/,all,fall,hall,/u:/,goose,鹅,food,loose,松的,/:/,calm,/,boss,fox,hot,/u/,good,foot,look,/,come,A large army marched past the farmyard,It,s hard to see any stars in the dark sky,The clock is stopped,it,s not long,Lost time is never found again,Who said the soup was too cool?,As a rule,the skies are blue in June,He looks like a good cook,I took my book and looked at it as long as I could,中元音,:,/,:/,/,ear,th,s,ear,ch,b,ir,d,ch,ur,ch,a,nother,ord,er,meth,o,d,doct,or,My younger brother is a doctor,Give me some butter and sugar,We will have a get-together after supper,双元音,:/,ei,/e/,a,g,e,l,a,t,e,p,ai,n,f,ai,l,e,dge,l,e,t,p,e,n,f,e,ll,双元音,:/,ai,/,i,/,b,i,k,e,m,i,n,e,h,ei,ght,b,oy,c,oi,n,n,oi,se,v,oi,ce,双元音,:/,u/au/,c,oa,l,p,o,s,e,l,oa,n,贷款,b,ow,l,碗,d,ou,bt,f,ou,nd,n,ou,n,爆破辅音,:,/p/,pea,/t/,tear,/k/,class,/b/,bee,/d/,dear,/g/,glass,Good,better,best,，循序渐进,Never let it rest,，永不停止,Until good is better,好上加好,And better best,，精益求精,摩擦辅音,:/f/v/,fast,few,leaf,proof,safe,surf,vast,巨大的,view,leave,prove,save,serve,He works hard as i,f,he ne,v,er knew,f,atigue.,It is,v,ery di,ff,icult,f,or us to,f,inish it be,f,ore,f,ive.,摩擦辅音,:/s/z/,s,till,bu,s,loo,s,e,ra,c,e,i,c,e,z,oo,bu,zz,蜂音,eye,s,lo,s,e,rai,s,e,摩擦辅音,:/,/,/,th,ank,th,eme,th,ick,ba,th,brea,th,clo,th,th,an,th,ese,th,is,ba,th,e,brea,th,e,clo,th,e,/,/,thin,thing,faith,mouth,/,/,breathe,clothe,seethe,沸腾,/s/,sin,sing,face,mouse,/z/,breeze,微风,close,seize,/,/,thank,thought,/,/,there,they,those,/,/,three,/t/,tank,taught,/d/,dare,day,doze,打瞌睡,/f/,free,A,th,ousand,th,anks.,Ca,th,y has,th,ree bro,th,ers.,Mr.Smi,th,talked about,th,is,th,at and,th,e o,th,er.,Th,ere is some,th,ing.,Th,ey have been,th,ere for more,th,an,th,ree mon,th,s.,摩擦辅音,:/,/,/,ca,sh,fish,sh,ip,shoe,lei,s,ure,闲暇,mea,s,ure,测量,plea,s,ure,vi,s,ion,视觉,Measure for measure.,以牙还牙,.,She sells sea shells on the seashore.,她在海边捡贝壳。,摩擦辅音,:,/h/,hard,he,house,who,/r/,red,road,write,wrong,破擦辅音,:/,ts,/,dz,/,car,ts,ra,tes,Seats,/t,/,ch,eep,ch,oke,闷塞,Mar,ch,ri,ch,car,ds,rai,ds,Seeds,/,d,/,j,eep,j,oke,lar,g,e,bri,dg,e,破擦辅音,:/,tr,/,dr,/,tr,ack,tree,truck,try,dr,ag,dream,drug,dry,Never,trouble,trouble,till trouble,troubles,you.,麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦。,鼻辅音,:/m/n/,/,dim,朦胧的,din,喧闹,ding,唠叨,seem seen seeing,sum sun sung,whim,怪想,win wing,舌边辅音,:/l/,/l/n/r/,lead need read,light night right,半元音,:/w/j/,w,arm,y,oung,w,ell,y,ard,wh,ile,y,et,wh,ere there is a,w,ill,there is a,w,ay.,有志者，事竟成。,you still look,y,oung,y,ear after,y,ear.,一年一年过去了，你看起来还那么年轻。,
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