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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,一、情态动词,can,与,could,表示推测，在疑问句中用,can/could,在否定句中用,cant/couldnt,，表示惊异，怀疑，不相信等态度,e.g.,Can this news be true?,This cant be done by him.,How,you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?,A.can B.must C.need D.may,can,表示能力时，还可以用,be able to,代替，但,can,只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态（,could,）而,be able to,可用于任何时态，而且,can,表示具备的能力，,be able to,表示某一次具体的能力,e.g.He was able to escape from the fire.,Can you/Are you able to type?,may,与,might,用于,might,提问时，肯定答语用,may,；否定答语可用,mustnt,也可用,had better not.,eg,.-Might I use your pen?,-Yes,you may./No,you mustnt,No,you,had better not.,may,表示祝愿,eg,.May you succeed!,表示推测用于肯定或否定“可能，或许”,May/might+do,be doing,have done,He might be sick.,You may have been there before.,shall,与,should,shall,做为情态动词用于第一、三人称时，表“征求意见”,eg,.What shall we do this evening?,Shall he wait here or outside?,shall,用于第二、三人称时表命令，警告。,eg,.You/He shall hand(in)your/his,homework.,should,表示义务、建议。语气比,ought to,弱。“应该”,eg,.Children should go to school.,should,表示猜测和可能性。“计划好的，意料中的”主要用于第二、三人称,eg,.They started 3 hours ago,I think they,should be there by now.,表示说话者的感情如惊奇、愤怒、不满、失望。,“,竟然”,eg,.Y,ou,cant imagine that a well-behaved,gentleman should be so rude to a lady.,will,与,would,当,will,用于疑问句中时表示“请求、建议”等,would,比,will,更委婉一些。用于第二人称,eg,.Would(will)you pass me the book?,will,表示意志、愿望和决心,eg,.I will never do that again.,will,表示客观规律、真理,eg,.Without water,fish will die.,Oil will float on water.,would,可表示过去反复发生的动作,=used to,但,used to,有“现在已无此习惯”的含义。,eg,.People used to think that the sun went round the earth.,（现在已经不这样了）,must,表示推测时一般用于肯定句式“一定是，肯定是”,对现在的推测用,“,must+be(,动原,)”,He must be in,for the light is on.,对过去的推测用,“,must+have done”,He must have arrived home.,对现在正在发生的或将来正在发生的事情的推测用,“,must+be+doing,”,It must be raining outside.,According to the weather forecast,it must be snowing tomorrow.,must,的反意疑问句要根据,must,后面的动词形式推断。除非有明确的时间状语存在,He must be an honest boy,he?,They must like English,they?,You must have,lived,in the city for years,you?,It must have rained last night,it?,isnt,dont,havent,didnt,must,表示“非得”加强语气,John,look at the time.,Must,you play the piano at such a late hour?,-Who is the girl standing over there?,-Well,if you,must,know,her name is,Mabel.,dare,与,need,dare,用做情态动词时，用于疑,/,否中，无人称、时态、数的变化。（,dare do,）,eg,.How dare you do that?,He darent speak English before such a,crowd.,dare,用做实义动词时，有时态、人称、数的变化。,在肯定句中用,dare to,do,eg,.I dare to swim in the river.,在否定疑问句中用,dare(to),do,eg,.He doesnt dare(to)answer.,need,做实义动词时,sb,need to do,sth,sb,need,sb,to do,sth,sth,need doing=,sth,need to be done,need,做情态动词时，翻译成“需要、必要”（仅用于否疑中）,neednt do/Need,sb,do?,当,回答,need,的提问,时，答语肯定用,must,否定用,neednt,eg,.You neednt come so early.,-Need I finish the work today?,-Yes,you must.,No,you neednt.,情态动词,+have done,的形式：,can(could)+have done,疑问式与否定式表示对过去发生行为的怀疑不肯定,肯定式表示虚拟（与事实相反）译为“本来能够做而没做”,My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who,could have taken,it?,My sister met him at the Grand theatre yesterday,so he,couldnt have attended,your lecture.,-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.,-Oh,did you?You,could have stayed,with Mary.,may(might)+have done,“,过去可能,”,Sorry,Im late.I,might have turned,off the alarm clock to sleep again.,should(ought to)+have done,本该做而没做,shouldnt(oughtnt to)+have done,本不该做而做了,Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I,shouldnt have eaten,so much fried chicken just now.,must+have done,只用于肯定句中。它的否定式要用,can,代替。表示对过去发生行为的推测“一定做过,”,Jack is already an hour late.Something,must have happened,to her.,neednt+have done,表示“本不必做某事而实际上却做了”,I got up early,but I neednt have done so because I had no work to do that morning.,二、,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用于条件状语从句,1,、与现在事实相反,If,sb,.did/were,sb,.would/should/could/might+do,eg,.If I,were,you,I,should study,English.,If he,had,time,he,would attend,the meeting.,2,、与过去事实相反,If,sb,.had done,sb,.would/should/could/might have done,eg,.If you,had taken,my advice,you,wouldnt have failed,in the exam.,If I,had known,more about giving first aid,I,could have helped,them.,3,、与将来事实相反,If,sb,.did/were,should do,were to do,sb,.,would/should/could/might+do,eg,.If you,asked,me to solve the problem next time,I,could try,my best.,If he,should fail,in the experiment this time,he,would try,again.,If it,were to rain,tomorrow,the meeting,would be put off,.,条件句的变化,如果省略,if,则用“,Were/Had/Should,+,主语”,eg,.,Were,I in school again,I would work harder.,Had,you been here earlier,you would have seen him.,Should,there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come.,用介词短语,without,but for(,要不是，如果没有，除了,以外,),代替条件状语从句,eg,.,Without,air,there would be no living,things.,But for,your help,I couldnt have done it.,用副词代替条件状语从句,eg,.I was ill that day.,Otherwise,I would have taken in the sports meet.,“wish+,宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望译为“可惜,”“,就好了”“悔不该,”“,但愿,”,与现在相反“,did/were”,eg,.I wish it,were,spring all the year round.,与将来相反“,would/could+do,”,eg,.I wish you,could go,with us.,与过去相反“,had done,”,eg,.We wish we,had arrived,there two hours,earlier.,would rather+,sb,did,现在,/,将来,had done,过去,eg,.I would rather you,went,there,tomorrow instead of me.,I would
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