资源描述
Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,成人英语三级考试辅导,1,考试介绍,为了检测北京地区成人教育系统中非外语专业的教学水平，为了保证成人本科毕业生学位的质量而设立的学位考试。每年在,4,月和,11,月各开考一次。从,9,点到,11,点。,成人英语三级辅导,涉及考试人员：,北京所有大学招收的函授生以成人教育学院会计、金融、计算机、管理、法学、汉语等专业的在校生。,考试大纲,目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力、一定的英语汉语互译能力和初步的听力能力，使他们能以英语为工具获取专业所需要的信息，因此本考试重点考核学生运用语言的能力，重点是考核学生的于都能力以及对语法结构和词语用法的熟练程度。,考试分值分布,各部分题型,题号,题目数量,计分,PartI Reading,1-15,15,30,PartIIVocabulary,16-45,30,30,PartIII Identification,46-55,10,10,PartIV Cloze,56-75,20,10,PartV Translation,76-85,10,20,本课程的目标,1.,讲解核心考点、强调易懂易背牢记。,2.,问题课堂解决，课下巩固。,3.,以,“,实用、精准、效率,”,为讲授原则。,4.,及时反馈，查漏补缺。,考生常见的击中应考状态分析,1.,词汇贫乏、看不懂文章，对考试有畏惧感，甚至抵触情绪。,2.,多次考试，考场上精神紧张，易受周围环境影响，心理应激能力差。,3.,态度不端正，以工作忙为借口，掩盖自己不努力的事实。,4.,很努力，但没有找对正确的方法，尽力了，但效果不明显。,正确的态度和方法,1.,找对考点、难点，自己的薄弱环节，努力改变。,2.,用科学的方法分析自己的优势和不足。,3.,有的放矢，不要停留和满足现有的水平，要不断提高。,4.,训练自己的记忆力和逻辑思维能力以及应变能力，树立信心，我一定行。,正确的考试方法,1.,从简单题，会做的题目，有把握的题目入手，建立得分根据地。,2.,面对难题，如阅读理解题，不要着眼于个别题目和词汇，而是有全局概念，全篇概念,从战略方法入手，从主旨入手。,3.,思维的迅速，敏捷将促使考生激发斗志，将潜能发挥出来。,4.,平时的积累和习惯很重要，如果没有积累，现在就要开始。,5.,让正确的题目，思维如影随行，错题像癌细胞，不及早割除，后患无穷。,正确的考试方法和做题顺序,1.,根据地的创立：,改错题,+,词汇题,+,语法题（,30-40,分）,2.,根据地的扩大（,40-50,分或以上）,翻译题,+,阅读题,3.,进步一努力，功课最难项目,完形填空,成人学位英语三级考试,如何攻克词汇难关,!,北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试，题型不难但是通过率不高，多数考生反映记不住单词，介绍英语三级考试突破词汇的方法。,英语三级考试大纲对词汇的要求是记忆,3550,个单词，以及由这些词构成的常用词组、固定搭配等。大纲要求的常用词组,(,词组和搭配,),往往是考查的重点，它们要么出现在词汇试题中，要么出现在完形填空中，应该是记忆的重点。,一、 对考试词汇分析,研究分析,1992,2006,年,18,次历年真题，将英语三级词汇分为：核心词汇和非核心词汇及超纲词汇。,核心词汇： 考试试题中出现频率较高的词和词汇考查重点、本身带有词组较多的词、多于其它此类搭配的词、有特殊用法的词，考生不熟悉的词。,1000,个词左右。,非核心词汇：中学阶段可能掌握的词，专有名词，简单词,(,意思单一，用法单一,).,这些词除非在阅读理解中外，一般不会被设计成词汇试题。,1000,个词左右。,超纲词汇：分析超纲词汇在考试中的比例很小，针对超纲词汇的考查并不难，那么掌握超纲词的要求也就不高，基本上是对词汇的概念理解。,那么考生真正需要突破的词汇在,1500,个左右。,攻克词汇关,三、 对考生的几点建议,单词记忆方法很多，诸如：归类记忆法、图物记忆法、筛选记忆法、分析记忆法、比较记忆法、循环记忆法、解剖记忆法、规律记忆法、歌诀记忆法、表格记忆法、提纲记忆法、趣味记忆法、卡片记忆法、浓缩记忆法等等。,特别提醒考生一定要针对英语三级的考试特点，明确词汇考核的方向，找到适合自己的一二种记忆方法，不能见异思迁。,机械的记忆,-,词根法：,- cess,(step) access, recess, concess,- cord accord , discord , record,fer(shift,shuttle ) offer, ferry,分段联想记忆,systematically - system- tica-lly,系统的,-,Uncontrolla,ble,un-control,lable,无法控制的,Brunch - breakfast- lunch,早午餐,workaholic,work,alcohol-lic,工作狂,联想、谐音记忆,pillow -,疲劳,supply- support- ply,支持,show-,秀， 展示，,talent-,达人，,class up,高大上,dangerous,担心,-,这个,-,惹事,-,危险,freak,匪夷所思,-,see -saw,秋千,看和看见,-,来回来去,chant-,合唱,stubborn,笨拙，傻笨,easy,容易,Fart,放（,X),Artisan,art,isan,手工达人,Fartisan,放（,x),达人,Weird,歪了,-,怪异的,Lady- killer- lady,kill-er,师奶杀手,lesbian,蕾丝边,Gay,钙片,同义词,-,反义词,-,搭配,-,语法,same- different- contrary,Get on,get off,，,call on,call off,Smart- silly,，,unite- disintegrate,合并,-,分裂，,lose and find,Contact- lose contact ,make contact with,一词多义,动词,-,名词,-,形容词的相互转换,名词转换动词,Hand me /pass me the knife,递给我刀子,Hands off her,离她远点,Walk the dog,遛狗,lose and find,失物招领,Walkie and talkie,对讲机,Catfish,鲶鱼,-,钓网友,语境不同，词义不同,组合记忆,文化,Got Stood up,被放鸽子,I am baked .,吸粉,I am straight.,我是异性恋,Nailed house,钉子户,You are my Mrs. Right,意中人,特别提醒考生一定要针对英语三级的考试特点，明确词汇考核的方向，找到适合自己的一二种记忆方法，不能见异思迁。,1.,每次背诵的数量和时间要根据自己的具体情况定，背诵要选择一天中头脑清晰、精力充沛的时候进行。其它时间要记也要本着心情能静下来为原则；,第一天褒义形容词形容人的品格,Amazing, charming, killing lady, personality,super cool, hot Day2: negative : suck,衰，,freak ,dull, nerd,2.,观察：记生词时不要上来就盲目地拼记。最好先用几分钟时间仔细观察该词的结构，找出其特点。这样做表面上看似乎浪费时间，但实际上对记单词大有帮助；,Economics, statistics, logistics- ics,词缀表示学科，经济学，统计学，后勤学,Mania- hysteria- myopia- ia,表示疾病,3.,遵循人的记忆规律，循环复习比一次性记忆有效；,4.,脑子是很容易疲劳的，记忆的时间学生最好控制在一个半个小时以内；,5.,联想 联想有助于单词记忆，这是毫无疑问的。厕所的说法：,WC, Men,s Room, Rest Room, toilet,toilet tower,厕纸，,hose,水阀,此外，贵在坚持。,特别提醒考生一定要针对英语三级的考试特点，明确词汇考核的方向，找到适合自己的一二种记忆方法，不能见异思迁。,1.,每次背诵的数量和时间要根据自己的具体情况定，背诵要选择一天中头脑清晰、精力充沛的时候进行。其它时间要记也要本着心情能静下来为原则；,2.,观察：记生词时不要上来就盲目地拼记。最好先用几分钟时间仔细观察该词的结构，找出其特点。这样做表面上看似乎浪费时间，但实际上对记单词大有帮助；,3.,遵循人的记忆规律，循环复习比一次性记忆有效；,4.,脑子是很容易疲劳的，记忆的时间学生最好控制在一个半个小时以内；,5.,联想 联想有助于单词记忆，这是毫无疑问的。,此外，贵在坚持。,二、 词汇所占分值分析,1.,词汇考试题型中在第二部分：词语用法和语法结构,(PartVocabulary and Structure)(30%),，共,30,题，考试时间,25,分钟。题目中,50%,为词和短语的用法，,50%,为语法结构。词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运 用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。,2.,要特别注意词汇和语法结构的学习。大家应当意识到，词汇和语法的学习不能满足于词汇、短语、语法规则的量，最重要的是熟练掌握它们的用法。成人本科学士学位统一考试的题型有易有难，其中词汇和语法结构分属比较容易的题型，考生不应该丢的分。,词汇与结构复习要点和真题解析,考点分析和真题,1.,哪些语法现象可成为考点？,2.,解题技巧,3.,理解加记忆,4.,强记的内容,3.,第三题挑错,(10%),，第四题完形填空,(10%),与词汇是密不可分的。总体算来词汇占总卷面分值的,50%.,在强调词汇重要时我们不容忽视语法的重要性。,复习步骤,1.,熟悉真题中的常见考点,-,背诵,2.,学习考点后的语法理论叙述并加以体会,-,强化记忆,3.,遇到语法涵盖相关词汇,-,反映出语法提示关键点和对应的结构,=,非对应项排除,4.,巩固练习,思维定式,1.,什么是思维定式？,通过分析题目的出现频率，总结出考点，分析考点的语法内容，答案的普遍特点，来论证语法意义上的题目敏感词和答案之间的内在联系。,在考试时，熟读熟记这些词汇，反映出考点和答案。,2.,正确答案的特点,2.1,取自普遍存在的常识，习惯用语，只有广泛阅读才能掌握，否则需要死背句子。,而不是单词,。,It is no use crying over split milk.,catch sb doing sth.,you had better do /not do,What can be done cannot be undone.,only to be told,却被告知,land on,着陆，,take off,起飞,Take off,脱衣，,put on,穿衣,Put on,假装,put off,拖延,死记硬背的很多,Let us go to somewhere ,cant we XX,shall we? (YY),is very likely to,很有可能,prone to /tend to /be probably,speaking language,spoken language,每个固定搭配后面都有理论的支持，如能理解就能在不知单词的情况下做对。,语法题在理解语法的基础上得到答案，死记硬背并非不可，但量大。,see boy crying,See boy cry,有何不同。,Collocation,固定搭配,总结出的用法：,It is no use doing something.,类似,you had better do ,not do,sth occurred to sb.,sth happened to sb.,Twice as much,I will get pay increase when I have obtained the degree.,当我获得学位后会得到涨薪。,My suggestion,. Be,动词原形,If I were you , I would,千年不变的考点,If I can, I will,It is high time we did,Given time, we would,A, as well as B, C. C,一定是看,A,He did A,doing B,and did C .,get/is used to doing,习惯于,used to be,过去曾是,when asked/questioned,当问及,反义疑问句,that,后的从句语法不缺,That SOV is well known.,with v-ed,原因状语,now that,既然,As is well,known ,独立结构，众所周知,，,however,部分转折,as if he were,response to,双宾动词变被动语态，宾补带,to,help him cross the street,he was helped to cross the street,心理状态动词时动名词的被动,答案特点,2,语法上说得通,语法较集中，考点才集中。,A_ you don,t know the rule won,t be a sufficient excuse for your failure,A. that B. It is C. because D. what.,It is that,.,because ,.,What,rule,矛盾,思维定式,1,do as as much as we can,实意义动词有宾语或从句再往后就是,to,做目的状语,大多数实义动词搭配后有,to do,那么一定是目的状语,思维定式,2,先有空，后有完整句，而主句语法不缺是，那么一定要考到分词，且是过去分词,表原因，条件，时间，让步,-,思路：人是句子的逻辑主语,_ ,he will make super star.,A. giving time B. to give time C. given time,D. being given time,思维定式,2,先有句子，而后面是空，那么一定考到现在分词，是伴随状语,找,v- ing,那个,He will make super star, _ to the word.,A. make his name known,B. making his name known,C. to make his name known,D. made his name known,思维定式,3,1.,两个实义动词同时出现，必定考分词，否则考词性：瞬间动作动词,(stop, keep,start,join),，状态改变动词,(become,turn),这时 句子无逗号有,and,那么是,ed,有逗号，那么,ed, ing,同时出现。,思维定式,4,非人类的名词作主语，后面有系动词,Remain, keep, turn, grow,那么一定是不定式的被动语态做宾语,but it remained _ whether they will enjoy it.,A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,思维定式,5,背与理解互补,不定式前使役、心理期望类动词，动名词前一定是抽象的评价性心理活动,-,原理，与动作有关还是与概念有关,I _ the boy to save money, but he woudn,t listen,A. hoped B. suggested C. wanted D. made,I love attending concerts,我喜欢去看音乐会,I dislike wearing coat in winter seasons.,我不喜欢冬天穿大衣,思维定式,6,介词后一定是名词或动名词,看到，,of ,about, in ,on,后面不能有不定式,I thought of _ the animal was fo great value,A. protecting,B.protect,C. being protected D. to protect,思维定式,7,need, worth, require, want,动词后紧跟宾语主动含被动意义，一定是,v- ing,但如有物宾语，宾补则为,v-ed,The novel is worth _ ,I think,- reading,I want this,document(,文件）,typed,我需要这个文件的电子版。,思维定式,8,根据语境分清主动和被动,people sometimes can,t,help persuading,into buying .,错：,改为,_ Being persuaded,被劝购物。,思维定式,9,：比较级连词前后一致,Than ,同为,v-ing, to do,He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than,teaching,his wife to cook.,Teaching- to teach,思维定式,10,有形式主语的地方一定有不定式，否则多半是名词性从句,it,is easier,to do the work,after learning the method.,学过方法后做事情就简单了。,What makes work easier to do,is the method.,A tall man driving a golden carriage_ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods.,seized, disappearing.,思维定式,11,连词后动词的过去分词，相当定语从句,when asked /questioned at the meeting,- when he was asked/questioned at the meeting,语法涵盖内容,1.,非谓语动词,2.,从句（定语、状语、名词性从句）,3.,时态（,16,种时态一般、进行、完成、完成进行与现在、过去、将来、过去将来的组合）,4.,虚拟语气（,if,条件句,;wish;as if;,建议命令要求省,should),5.,连词（转折,but,、因果,so,、并列,and,、时间,when/as,、原因,sinece,、条件,if,、程度,so that,、其它,though,）,6.,代词（相互代词、不定代词,few,neither,little,few,somebody,someone,anybody;,疑问代词，关系代词（,who,whom,whose, what ),7.,介词（,in,on, at,about, after, against, around, before,between, by ,down, during, for, from, of, off, to ,under, up, with,及固定搭配,),8.,反义疑问句，,do,don,t/will,won,t you,9.,独立主格,(,名词,-,不定式，介词短语）,10.,情态动词（推测、义务；,can could,may might),语法考点,11.,倍数和分数 （,X times as big as/x times bigger than, is the same size of / x times as much for),12.,强调句,( it is,被强调部分,that),13.,主谓一致（,what,主补复,whether, both;,不定代词单数；单数表复数概念,police,）,14.,被动语态（感官动词被动后加,to),15.,形式主语,(it is,形容词、名词,for,宾人,to do,16.,系动词（,turn, grow, taste, fall,sound,后形容词，,be,become,名词）,考点,1,非谓语动词,动名词、分词、不定式,考点：,不定式、动名词和分词在用法上的区别,不定式和动名词的时态和语态,介词加动名词,1.1 Ing form,术语,动词以,ing,结尾，有时形式叫,a),现在分词，有时叫,b),动名词，判断依据是它们更象动词或是形容词，若是则为现在分词，若是名词，则是,(b),I sat there wondering what to do .,hiking on the mountain is good for you.,1.2,动名词的和现在分词的时态、语态,时态、语态 主动 被动,一般式,doing being done,完成式,having done having been d.,举例：,He can,t understand,his being rejected,.,他难以理解被拒绝的原因。,1.3,与现在分词的区别特征：,1,） 可做句子的主语、宾语、补语，而现在分词则只能做补语、形容词性定语，不能单独做主语。,The movie is,amazing,.,补语,-,表语,I found the movie,amazing,.,宾补,Amazing,shanghai is our destination.,定语,不能说,amazing is what I am looking for.,总结： 具有形容词的特征。表另。,1.2,动名词更像名词，分词像形容词,2,） 动名词放在物主代词,my, your,和所有格名词,s,的后面，现在分词则不能。,He denied having been bullied.,他否认被虐待。,His having been rejected is ridiculous .,他被拒绝的理由很荒唐。,Do you mind my making a proposal?,你介意我提个建议吗？,分词表正在，,-,相对,ed,表完成、被动,分词和时间,/,动作有关，修饰正在进行动作的名词或主语的相关动作，而动名词是超越时空的。,There is no Parking room here.,A parking car with a green-hand driver held up the whole traffic of the there.,菜鸟司机正在停车让交通混乱。,A wrongly,parked,car held up traffic.,烂停的汽车阻碍了交通。动作完成。,4,）共性：动名词,/,现在分词复合句中都可做句子状语,因为有形容词的性质，所以才有责任。,Having learnt the news, they rushed to the scene to make live report.,听到消息后，他们赶赴现场做直播。,after learning the news,原因： 分词侧重动作先后，动名词侧重事件先后，都表先后，所以都能做状语。,1.2,分词的语法功能,1,） 定语，修饰名词：,Yesterday I watched an interesting movie.,2),作状语，如主句主语发出的动作，用,v-ing,如是动作的接受者，则用过去分词。,Having done the work, we went home.,The machine being broken, we had to fix it right away.,（物,-,接受者）,1.4.3,） 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动,3) Heading for the airport, the car carried 6 people.,主动,Legs broken, the dog can,t walk any longer.,被动。,1.4.4,）分词作表语,现在分词表示 具有。属性，令人感觉如何，具有主动的含义。,4.1 The news is thrilling .,消息令人震惊。,4.2,过去分词表完成。,We are thrilled.,我们震惊了。,We are amazed.,我们很惊讶。,4.3,过去分词表被动。,The car was broken down.,车坏了。,1.2.5,分词作插入语,Generally speaking.,通常来说,Judging from what he speaks,Taking all things into consideration,all things considered,1.5,考点归纳,1.5.1,动名词和不定式的区别,看到 停止、记得、忘记、不喜欢、继续、,打算、尝试。意思不一样,Stop , remember, forget, continue, keep on, go on, attempt,动名词表概念，不定式表另一未完成的动作。,1.5.2),连词加分词,状语从句的主语指向主句的逻辑主语，选择不同分词的目的是让逻辑主语保持一个。,While,waiting,at the airport, they texted him a message.,在机场等的时候，他们给他发了一条短信。,when,asked,the question, he kept silence.,1.5.3,）分词不同，词义不同的单词,stop doing,停下手工活,Stop to do,干新活,remember doing,记得做完事,Remember to do,记得去做事,forget doing,忘记已完成,forget to do,忘记没去做,1.5.4 V-ing,和,to do,的区别,感官动词,see, look, watch, hear, listen to,使役动词,make, help, offer, let, force,现在分词表示目睹、听说时的状态。,不定式表示动作全程。,I heard boy cry.,一直都哭个不停。,I heard boy crying when I came in.,我进门时看到孩子在哭。,1.5.5,）以动名词为宾语的动词,以,V-ing,作宾语的动词,喜欢 考虑与 避免,like, enjoy, consider, avoid,停止 介意 与冒险,stop, mind, risk,耽误 倾向与拖延,delay, prefer, delay,善于放弃此训练,good at, give up ,practice,完成、建议和忍受,finish, suggest, stand,继续享受各种讨厌,keep on, enjoy, hate,，,detest,必须记住的动词短语,下列的惯用语中要用动名词,cannot help doing(=cannot but do),“,禁不住,”,It is no use doing,(=It is of no use to do,),“,无用,”,be worth doing,“,值得,”,be busy doing,“,忙于,”,feel like doing,“,想要,”,What (or how) about doing.,“,如何,”,It goes without saying that,“,用不着说,二。不定式、过去分词的基本用法,时态 主动 被动,一般式,to do to be done,完成式,to have done to have been done,否定形式,not to do , not done,2.1,后跟,to do,作宾语的动词,负担,/,同意定目标,afford, agree, aim to,提问表现是打扰,ask/appear/be/bother,选择期待与关爱,choose/expect/care,决心计划与迟疑,decide/plan/hesitate,发生希望和打算,happen/hope/manage,学习许诺与倾向,learn/promise/tend to,决心要求与假装,determine/demand/pretend,2.1,为什么不定式出现在动词后,一个动词后面紧接着跟一个动词很常见，,如果我们谈论对于某个行动的态度，先是心理动作的动词，表示心理活动（想、享受，期待，认为，希望，打算） ，然后用动作加以说明怎么实现这一动作达到目的,.,所以才有上述规则,区别,ving ,to do,心理感觉后,v-ing,当某种动作纯粹是心理活动或感觉，以及心理活动所触发的，它没有具体的成形的安排，只是泛泛的谈某种概念，那么动词后就是跟动名词做宾语。,I enjoy playing cards.,I dislike waiting for people, even 1 minute.,我不喜欢等人，哪怕一分钟。,2.1,动词,+,疑问词,+,不定式,记住怎么做,做什么,remember how to,发现怎么做,find out how to/what to,学习怎么做,learn how to /what to,解释怎么做,explain how to /what to,考虑怎么做,consider how to /what to,明白怎么做,understand how to /what,See,明白,show,示范,know,了解,tell,告诉,2.2,可跟宾语,+,不定式的动词,Ask sb. To do sth.,请某人做某事,beg sb to do sth.,乞求某人做某事,choose sb. To do sth.,选择。,expect sb. To do sth.,期待某人做某事,need sb. To do sth.,需要某人做某事,prefer sb. To do sth.,倾向某人做某事,want/wish sb. To do sth.,要、希望某人做某事,2.3 infinitive,不定式的特点,1,不能独立做谓语,infinitive,无限的可能,因为他与,v-ing, v-ed,不能独立地充当谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限定。,没听说过：,to do the job.,waiting man.,waited man,这类不叫橘子。,而只能；,to do the job.,waiting man.,waited man,这类不叫句子。,He wants to do the job.,He is a waiting man.,动词不定式的特点：,2,） 主动、被动、进行 ，有,“,体,”,无,“,时,”,，,用,be,来表时 ，自身超时空存在,要想起到作用，必须得找助动词构成,”,体的特点,如完成体，,have written,，进行体,to be writing,态的概念：,to be written,To have been written,被动语态,而没有,“,时,”,的概念，不能说,to did ,to will did,时间的概念必须有谓语动词来表现，如,I am to , she was to ,I will be doing.,2,。,4,动词不定式表具体的，要去做尚未完成的行为,在句子中作主语、宾语、宾补、表语,*,主语表具体行为,To do the work,is their duty.,而动名词则虚化为一个概念而非具体一件事,Working at airport is a challenge for me.,To work at airport I am given an uniform.,2.4,动词不定式的句子成分,1.,作句子主语,To get promotion,requires him to work overtime.,升职意味着加班,It takes me 3 hours,to get the job done,.,搞定这件事化了我,3,小时时间。,2. 4.2,不定式做宾语,I hope,to further,my study and find a work when I graduate.,I want,to know,what is wrong.,我想知道错在什么地方。,2.4.4,动词不定式做表语,1. Your job is,to take care of these children.,你的工作时是这些小孩。,2. What he said proved,to be wrong.,他所说的都证明是错的。,3. His words turned out,to be true.,它的话原来都是对了,2.4.3.,不定式做宾语补足语,我请他帮我一个忙。,I asked him,to do me a favor,.,I want all of our classmates,to pass the exam.,我希望我们所有的学生都能通过考试。,我讨厌他这么早让我起床。,I hate him,to wake me up,so early.,2.4.4,不定式做目的状语,we climbed higher and found a safe and comfortable place,to watch the rising sun .,我们爬到一个更高，更安全，更舒适的地方来看日出。,On sundays, I always go to the whole market to buy vegetables and fruits.,周日，我倡导食品超市卖蔬菜和水果。,2.5,哪些动词后没,to :,感官动词,以,不带,to,的动词不定式,做宾语,See hear feel watch,看听和感觉,Notice, help ,let,，,have,注意帮助指使安排,例句：,他们帮我拿箱子：,They helped me carry the boxes.,I watched her cross the road,我看着他走过马路。,2.5,做题时，判断主动和被动，被动一定加,to do,当,let make,使役动词，看听想类动词,的宾语做主语时，宾补加,to,He was made to cry.,she was seen to lie.,Children were watched to cry.,看到它们，在,c/D,有,to,而无,to,的地方错。,2.5.had better,do,would rather,do,had rather, would sooner,后,不带,to,You,had better,stop.,你最好别干了,You had best stop .,I,would rather,stay,here alone.,2.5 would rather +,从句 （,did,),I,d rather you,gave,me nothing,.,宁愿（ 对过去事情的相反评价，是虚拟语气的一种表达方式）,我宁愿你什么都没给我。,2.5 would rather,do,a than,do,b,I,would,rather,watch,TV,at home than,see,films .,would rather,后是实义动词，在比较的句型中都用一般现在时。,2.5.3,情态动词后的实义动词不带,to,can, could, may, will, shall, should , must,He may not come.,他也许不来了。,Our friends will help us.,我们的朋友会帮我们。,2.6,动词不定式的被动式,to be done,She ought to be told about it .,常考：,主动的应变为被动没有变。,被动的应变为主动而没有变。,I didn,t expect to invite. -=wrong,I didn,t expect to be invited.,2.7,考点： 主动涵被动的含义,2.7.1 need, require/ want,主动涵被动,I want my car repairing. Wrong,I want my car to be repaired. (correct),I want my car repaired.,（,correct),看宾语是人还是物，,The dog needs washing.,看主语是动作的承受者还是发出者。,3.7.2,Doing,某事，,to do,具体动作,2.8,动词不定式的否定形式,not to do,not to do :would you please,not to touch this ?,您能不碰这东西吗？,我们被告知不要出门,We are told,not to go out.,2.9 It is (adj) for sb. To do sth.,某人做某事是非常。的。,。形容词包括,easy, difficult, important ,better, necessary ,enough, not enough,It is difficult for him to perform the duty alone.,他独自履行职责是很困难的。,2.10 it is adj of sb. To do sth,某人做某事真 （ 聪明，傻）,形容词多为感情色彩的，形容品质、品格的单词,clever , rude, silly, foolish ,selfish,聪明、粗鲁、愚蠢、傻、自私,Kind,好,2.11 *,动词不定式的进行式,It is nice to be sitting here with you.,I will be waiting for him.,在谈论的时间正在做的事情，或将来肯定会做的事情。,*2.12,动词不定式的完成式,to _,现在完成时,she said she was sorry to have missed you.,他说没看到你很遗憾。,I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot.,我打算打电话的，但忘了。,3.,过去分词,时态语态 主动 被动,一般式,donebeen done,完成式,had done had been done,3.1-ed,分词的句法功能,-ed,分词首先是形容词，表示动作的完成或接受动作后的结果，即被动状态,1.,做定语，因为它是形容词,we are beautifully,dressed.,我们穿得漂亮。,they are,confused.,他们懵了。,All the doors are,locked.,门都被锁上了。,2.,ed,分词作,appear, feel, seem , look,等系动词后做主语的补语,He felt broken down.,他觉得身体垮了。,The children looked puzzled.,孩子们都很迷惑。,3.-ed,分词在感官动词后做宾补,see, hear, feel, watch, notice, think, find,表示动作的接受者所处的状态。,I thought my purse lost.,我觉得我的钱包没了。,I hear the song sung.,我听过这首歌被人长。,We found they discouraged.,我们发现他们很沮丧。,3.3,ed,分词在,have, want,wish,expect, like,后做宾补,表示让、期待、梦想某事做成，某物处于某种状态。,I will have all these documents,typed,.,我要这些文件的电子版。,I must get the work done before Saturday.,周六前这活必须干完。,3.4,ed,分词作定语,前置定语,表示所修饰的名词处于接受动作的状态或完成状态。,改变了的主意,changed idea,出版的书籍,published book,A newly arrived guest,新来的客人,-ed,后置定语,相当于一个从句,the book recommended is sold out.,The book that is recommended is sold out.,被推荐的那本书卖完了。,3.5,连词,+ed,分词作状语,1.,表示谓语动作的时间、原因、条件,Moved by,his spirit, we decided to work hard.,被他的精神感动，我们决心努力工作。（原因）,Given time, I would pass the exam.,- If I was given time, I would.,假以时日，我将通过考试。（条件）,连词,+ed,分词作状语,2. when,asked,to answer the question, I pretended not to hear.,当让我回答者个问题是，我假装没听见。,When I was asked to answer the question,3.,分词、不定式的 练习,He began by showing us where the country was and went on _ us about its climate.,A. telling,B. to tell,C. to telling,D. to be told.,The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the films stars had left.,A. to tell,B. to be told,C. tellingD. told.,常见以不定式作宾语的及物动词,想要希望喜欢期待渴望渴求,want/wish/like/expect,开始忘记请求,begin/forget/ask,继续计划答应,continue/plan/promise,选择提供决心尝试,choose/offer/determine/ try,拒绝假装打算憎恨,refuse/pretend/plan/hate,形容词后的动词不定式表为什么那样,I was very pleased to see you yesterday.,she was upset to hear that her sister was ill.,He was surprised to learn how much he,d spent.,she is very nice to talk to .,当动词与介词连用,位于形容词,动词不定式结构的句子末尾,She is easy to get on with .,错,she is with easy to get on.,I am very glad to meet you.,很高兴见到你。,It is nice to be here.,来这很好。,动词不定式省略,to,的情况,see, hear, watch,notice,observe, behold, see O,to do,feel.,感官动词,二使（,let/make),两听,listen to, hear,三观（,see, observe, behold,）,此外：,would rather(,宁愿）, you had better,（最好,can do nothing but,在名词后，,infinitive,不定式做后置定语,Give me a cup of coffee to drink.,谈论目的，做事的理由，,to do,He started drinking to forget.,他借酒浇愁,I get up early in order to have time to pack.,起床以便准备行装,主动含被动的意思,The door won,t open.,There is a lot of work to do,Give me 6 letters to write today.,He has got 2 houses to let.,Who is to blame ?,省,to,不定式在变被动时，,to,要保留,He was seen to go into the dormitory by me.,She was heard to sing in the next room,Stop,类动词后加,/-ing,与,to do,不同含义,stop, remember,forget,continue,regret,He stopped the car to ask for the route.,He stopped working.,stop doing,停下手中工作、,stop to do,停下干另一件事（,to do,目的状语）,remember doing/to,记得曾经、记得要,forget doing/to,不定式可直接做目的状语，而动名词做状语则需要跟在介词后 面,I stopped my car,to help him,with the bag.,We listen to these songs to,train spoken English,.,After finishing,the work, we went home.,句型：,S V O_ to do .,In/after/before doing, SVO,固定词组带,to,不定式,有些固定词组带,to,不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句子做独立成分。这些词有：,to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth,等。例如：,To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing.,To be honest, I have never of Wi
展开阅读全文