专业英语翻译技巧简论

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,机械工程及自动化专业英语,机械电子方向,南通大学 机械工程学院,专业英语课内容安排：,专业英语翻译技巧简论。,十四篇课文讲解，分别为,Unit 5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,考查：书中段落、习题、补充英文资料翻译,。,第一部分 专业英语翻译技巧简论,ESP（,专门用途英语,即,专业英语）,English For Specific Purposes,EST（,科技英语）,English for Science and Technology,EBE（,商业经济英语）,English for Business and Economics,ESS（,社会科学英语）,English for Social Science,EAP（,学术英语）,English for Academic Purposes,EOP（,职业英语）,English for Occupational Purposes,ESP,的语法特点：,名词化,被动语态,名词化,The rocket has,been developed,.For this reason,man can enter space.,The development of the rocket makes it possible for man to enter space.,If we know,the forces on the gear,we can determine its size.,K,nowledge,of the forces on the gear makes possible the determination of its size.,被动语态,Gears must be properly lubricated.,The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article.,Heat and light are given off in some chemical reaction.,The three factors are interdependent,for each influences is influenced by the actions and reactions of the others.,这三个因素相互依赖，因为它们之间的作用和反作用都是相互影响的。,单词是构成句子的基本要素之一，因此单词的翻译直接关系到句子的翻译。,限于课时，我们只介绍：,一,.,词的搭配,二,.,词义转译,三,.,词的增译,第一讲：单词,一、词的搭配,1、,动词与名词的搭配,以动词“,Move”,为例，其基本意思是“运动”，但在不同的句子里与不同的名词搭配，译法则也不同。,（1）,The earth moves round the sun.,地球绕太阳,旋转,。,（2）,Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body.,热量从温度较高的物体,传到,温度较低的物体上。,（3）,Move Mike to other work.,调,Mike,去做别的工作。,（4）,The work moves slowly.,工作,进展,很慢。,2、副词与动词的搭配,以副词“,successfully”,为例。,（1）,Spot-welding has already been used successfully in welding fuel tanks.,点焊已经,成功地,用来焊接油箱。,（2）,The task was finished successfully.,圆满地,完成了任务。,（3）,Our production plan has been successfully carried out.,我们的生产计划已,顺利,执行了。,3、,形容词与名词的搭配,以形容词“,thick”,为例。,(1),The book is 8 inches thick.,这本书有8英寸,厚,。,(2),He drew a thick line on the paper.,他在纸上画了一条,粗,线。,(3),Thick liquids pour much slowly than thin liquids.,粘稠,的液体比稀薄的液体流动慢得多。,(4),The conditions are too thick.,条件太,过分,了,(,太多了,),。,二、词义转译,1、,英语动词、形容词、副词译成汉语名词,。,（1）,Gases,differ,from solids in that the former has greater compressibility than the latter.,气体和固体的,区别,在于气体的可压缩性比固体大。,（2）The instrument is,characterized,by its compactness and portability.,这个仪器的,特点,是结构紧凑、携带方便。,（3）The cutting tools must be,strong,tough,hard,and wear resistant.,刀具必须有足够的,强度,、,韧性,、,硬度,，而且耐磨。,2、,英语名词、介词、形容词、副词译成汉语动词。,（1）,The,application,of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity.,使用,电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。,（2）In any machine input work equals output work,plus,work done,against,friction.,任何机器的输入功，都等于输出功,加上,克服,摩擦所做的功。,（3）,Scientists are,confident,that all matter is indestructible.,科学家们,深信,一切物质是不灭的。,（4）Open the valve to let air,in,.,打开阀门，让空气,进入,。,3、,英语形容词、名词译成汉语副词。,（1）,A,continuous,increase in the temperature of a gas confined in a container will lead to a,continuous,increase in the internal pressure within the gas.,不断,提高密封容器内气体的温度，会使气体的内压力,不断,增大。,（2）,It is our great,pleasure,to note that China will soon join the WTO.,我们很,高兴地,注意到，中国不久就要加入世界贸易组织。,三、词的增译,1、,增加英语中省略的词,。,（1）,Traditionally,chemistry has evolved onto four provinces:organic,inorganic,physical and analytical chemistry.,按传统，化学已逐渐发展成了四大分支：有机,化学,、无机,化学,、物理,化学,和分析,化学,。,（2）,Electricity became useful only after the nineteenth century.,19世纪以后，电才成为有用的,东西,。,2,、,增加表示名词复数的词。,（1）,The first electronic computer used vacuum tubes and other components and made equipment very large and bulky.,第一,代,电子计算机使用电子管和其他元件，这使设备又大又笨。,（2）,Ground radar sets can“see”enemy planes at great distance through darkness or clouds,and can direct antiaircraft fire at them.,地面雷达装置可以透过夜,幕,或云,层,，“看到”遥远的敌机,群,，并指示高射兵器向它们开火。,3,、,增加某些被动语态或动名词中没有具体指出的动作执行者或暗含的逻辑主语。,（1）,The material is said to behave elastically.,我们,说，这种材料具有弹性。,（2）,To explore the moons surface,rockets were launched again and again.,为了探测月球的表面，,人们,一次又一次地发射火箭,。,4,、,在形容词前加名词,(1),According to Newtons Third Law of Motion,action and reaction are equal and opposite.,根据牛顿运动第三定律，作用力和反作用力是,大小,相等,方向,相反的。,(2)The washing machine of this type is indeed cheap and fine.,这种类型的洗衣机真是,价,廉,物,美。,5,、增加表示数量意义的概括性的词，以起修饰润色的作用,(1),A designer must have a good foundation in statics,kinematics,dynamics and strength of materials.,一个设计人员必须在静力学、运动学、动力学和材料学这,四个方面,有很好的基础。,(2)The frequency,wave length and speed of sound are closely related.,声音的频率、波长与速度,三者,密切相关。,6,、增加使译文语气连贯的词,(1),In general,all the metals are good conductors,with silver the best and copper the second.,一般说来，金属都是良导体，,其中,银最佳，铜次之。,(2)As mutual understanding deepens,love is solidified.,相知,愈,深，相爱,弥,坚。,(3)Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,阅读使人充实，会谈,使人,敏捷，写作,使人,精确,/,细致严谨。,第二讲：,长难句的处理,为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，结构紧凑，科技文章中往往出现许多长句。,要译好英语中的长难句，首先必须理清原文的结构，抓住全文的中心内容，弄清句子各层次之间的逻辑关系，然后用流畅、简洁的汉语准确地译出原文的意思，不必拘泥于原文的形式。,Like the,kick,（反冲）,of a gun when it is fired,it follows the laws of nature described by Sir Newton when he discovered that“for every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction.”,正象打枪时的后坐力一样，它符合牛顿爵士所发现的并加以描述的自然规律：“对每个作用力来说，都有一个大小相等、方向相反的反作用力。,1、,顺译法,2、,倒译法,This is why the hot water system in a furnace will operate wit