高一语法知识小结

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高一语法知识小结,高一（4）班,By沈正浩,-ing 和-ed 结尾的形容词,class=reply-text mb10 id=best-answer-contentpleased 高兴的 excited 激动的,1.以后缀-ed结尾的形容词,如ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：,He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。,He told me the news in a very excited voice.他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。,第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。,Note：原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),voice(声音),mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。,2.以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,surprising,worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：,The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。,The man is very interesting.这个人很有趣。,倍数的表达法,class=reply-text mb10 id=best-answer-content倍数表达法：,A+谓语+倍数+the+n.(size/height/length)+of B,A+谓语+倍数+as+abj.+as B,A+谓语+倍数+adj.比较级+than B A+谓语+adj.比较级+than B+by+倍数,1).This square is twice the size of that one.,This square is twice as large as that one.,This square is once larger than that one.,2).This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 years ago.,-ing-ed 作定语的区别,class=reply-text mb10 id=best-answer-content两个形容词换成定语从句的时候，被-ing修饰的先行词做从句的主语，被-ed修饰的先行词做从句的宾语，是被动态的。而且一般动词的-ing做形容词，这个动词一般是不及物动词；-ed，一般是及物动词,例如：,The flying bird is so beautiful.=The bird which is flying is so beautiful.,The girl,sitting next to me,is my cousin.=the girl who is sitting next to me is my cousin.,The question disccused at present is very important.=The question which is disccused at present is very important.,China is a developing country.=China is a country which is developing.,后接to do的动词,preferto be used to lead to,devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy cant help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in,下列动词或词组都可以用不定式：,afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother care choose demand desire determine,elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend,refuse tend undertake expect hate intend,后接ing的以介词to 结尾的词组,admit to doing sth 承认做了某事,2.apply to doing sth 适用于做某事,3.object to doing sth 反对做某事,4.see to doing sth 负责做某事,5.stick to doing sth 坚持做某事,6.take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事,7.apply oneself to doing sth 专心致力于做某事,8.devote sth to doing sth 把献给做某事,9.devote oneself to doing sth 献身于做某事,10.limit sth to doing sth 把限制在做某事的范围内,11.reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事,12.give ones life to doing sth 献身于做某事,13.give ones mind to doing sth 专心做某事,14.have a dislike to doing sth 厌恶做某事,15.have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事,16.have an objection to doing sth 反对(反感)做某事,17.pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事,18.set ones mind to doing sth 决心做某事,19.be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事,20.be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事,21.be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事,22.be reduced to doing sth使某人沦为做某事,23.be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事,24.be limited to doing sth把限制在做某事的范围内,25.get down to doing sth开始做某事，认真处理某事,26.look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事,As引导的定语从句,As he realized,I was very useful to him.,Air,as we know,is a gas.,He was a foreigner,as I know from his accent.,10种基本时态,1,）一般现在时,*表示经常发生的动作（习惯性动作）或存在状态（能力、特征、性质、身份、籍贯等等）。常与always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday等时间状语连用。,*表示永恒的状态或者真理。例如：The earth moves round the sun.,*表示已经预先计划或者安排的肯定将要发生的动作。用于come,go,start,begin,leave,return,sail等瞬间动词。句中常有表示将来的状语。（此状况下代替一般将来时表示将来）例如：Tomorrow we start for Shanghai.,*在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作。例如：,Theyll be so happy when I tell them.(时间状语从句When.),If you arent here on time tomorrow,Ill write to your parents.（条件状语从句if.）,Next time Ill do as he says.（方式状语从句as.）,Enven if it rains tomorrow,the sports meeting will take place.（让步状语从句even if.）,注意when或者if引导的宾语从句、表语从句和定语从句不适用该情形，这时候要用一般将来时。,*在say,see,hear,learn,tell,read,write这些表示互通信息的动词使用场合中代替现在完成时。如：He writes to say that he will go to Japan.,*某些表达中表示现在正发生的动作或存在状态。如：Here comes the bus!,（2）一般过去时,*表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在状态。与表示过去时间的状语连用。如：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,just now,once upon a time,on the first of May,in 1980,in the old days等等。举例：Hzmmuk went to UK in September 2002.,*表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。例如：The boy opened his eyes,looked at the police,and then died.,*在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。例如：She said she would not go with us if it rained.,*表示从过去某一时间考虑，已经预先计划或者安排肯定要发生的动作。例如：She told us that the school opened on the following morning.,*表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如：Mary always got up too late.,注意这种情形也可以用”used to+动词原形“或者would+动词原形来代替。,例如：I used to work for the family that lived here.,（3）一般将来时,*表示将要发生的动作或存在状态。与表示将来的时间连用。如：tomorrow,next time,next year,in a few days等。,*表示将来经常发生的动作。,注意其他一些表示一般将来时的形式：,#be going to+动词原形。用于表示已经决定或安排要做的事，以及必然或很可能发生的事。如：Its going to rain.,#be to+动词原形。表示约定的、计划中的、按职责义务要求即将发生的、注定要发生的动作。如：Were to meet at the station at four this afternoon.,#be about to+动词原形。表示”即将、就要“。如：He is about to leave.,#瞬间动词的一般现在时和现在进行时。如：We start at six and arrive at s