中考语法专项复习-句子的种类课件

,句子的种类,语法专项十四,句子的种类语法专项十四,句子种类,句子能表达一个比较完整独立的意思，有一定的语法结构。书写时句首的第一个字母必须大写，句末要用标点符号。句子按用途来分可以分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按句子结构来分可以分为三类：简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句。,句子种类句子能表达一个比较完整独立的意思，有一定的语法结构。,一、陈述句,陈述句用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等，句尾用句号，一般读作降调。陈述句的语序一般为“主语部分,+,谓语部分”。,肯定陈述句：,The,story,in,interesting.,否定陈述句：,He,doesnt,live,here,anymore.,She,isnt,a,student.,注意：,no,never,seldom,hardly,nobody,等也可构成否定句。,I,have,never,been,to,Sydney.,一、陈述句陈述句用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等，,二、疑问句,疑问句可分为以下几种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。,1,、一般疑问句,概念,结构,例句,对某一情况的“是、否”提出疑问的句子叫做一般疑问句。一般疑问句通常用,yes,、,no,来回答，读时句尾一般用升调,Be+主语+其他,?,Are,your,parents,doctors?,情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？,Can,you,bring,me,some,apples?,助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？,Did,you,enjoy,yourself,in,our,city?,二、疑问句疑问句可分为以下几种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择,（1）特殊疑问词,2,、特殊疑问句,用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句称作特殊疑问句,即：特殊疑问词,+be/,助动词,/,情态动词,+,主语,+,其他？,疑问句,询问内容,例句,what,职业；身份,What is your father?/What does your father do?/What is your fathers job?,He is a doctor.,事物,Whats this?,Its a book.,Whatlike?,相貌特征,What does she look like?,She is tall with long hair.,性格,What is she like?,She is very kind.,（1）特殊疑问词2、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句称作特,疑问句,询问内容,例句,How/Whatlike?,天气,How is the weather today?/What is the weather like today?,Its fine.,Whatfor?,目的,What did they come here for?,To attend a meeting.,What color?,颜色,What color is her skirt?,Its red.,what size,尺寸,What size does he wear?,Size 40.,疑问句询问内容例句How/Whatlike?天气 How,疑问句,询问内容,例句,what time,时间,What time is it?,Its 7:30.,what day,星期几,What day is it today?,Its Tuesday.,What is the date?,日期,What is the date today?,Its May 2nd.,how old,年龄（多大）,How old is he?,He is 38.,疑问句询问内容例句what time时间 What tim,疑问句,询问内容,例句,how long,持续多长时间（多久）,How long have you been here?,For five months.,长度（多长）,How long is the bridge?,Its 500 meters long.,how far,距离（多远）,How far is it from here to the zoo?,Its 6 kilometers away./About 30 minutes walk/ride/drive.,how often,频率,How often do you come back?,Once a week.,疑问句询问内容例句how long持续多长时间（多久）H,疑问句,询问内容,例句,how soon,多久之后,How soon will she arrive?,In a week.,how many,（,+,复数名词）,how much,（,+,不可数名词）,数量（多少）,How many jackets do you have?,Three.,How much coffee do you want?,Two cups.,how much,Whats the price of,？,价格,How much is it?/How much does it cost?,5 dollars.,Whats the price of the pears?,2 yuan a kilo.,疑问句询问内容例句how soon多久之后 How soo,疑问句,询问内容,例句,how tall,（人；树）,how high,（山；建筑物）,高度（多高）,How tall is she?,Shes 1.73 meters tall.,How high is the tower?,Its 450 meters high.,when,什么时候,When shall we meet?,At ten oclock.,who,姓名或关系,Who is that boy?,He is Jack./He is my brother.,疑问句询问内容例句how tall（人；树）高度（多高）,疑问句,询问内容,例句,why,原因,Why did they come here?,Because they have a meeting to attend.,how,方式,How do you usually go to school?,On foot.,where,地点,Where are you going?,To the library.,疑问句询问内容例句why原因 Why did they c,3,、选择疑问句,概念,形式,例句,对问题给出两个或两个以上答案,供对方选择其一的疑问句,一般疑问句,+or+,选择项？,Is,your,mother,a,teacher,or,a,doctor?,特殊疑问句,选择项,+or+,选择项？,Who,is,taller,Mickey,or,Jimmy?,选择疑问句不用,yes,或,no,回答,可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答,也可用不定代词,all,both,either,neither,或,none,作答,只要根据实际情况回答便可。如：,-Which do you want to drink,，,tea or coffee,？你想喝哪一个，茶还是咖啡？,-I prefer coffee.,我更喜欢喝咖啡。,3、选择疑问句概念形式例句对问题给出两个或两个以上答案,供,Which skirt do you like better,Jenny，the short one or the long one?,_,.It fits my high heels.,A.The long one,B.No,I didnt,C.Both,D.The others,A,【解析】考查选择疑问句的答语。句意“詹妮，你更喜欢哪条裙子，短款还是长款？”,“_。它很搭我的高跟鞋。”选择疑问句的答语只能是所给选择中的一个。故选A。,Which skirt do you like bette,概念：附加在陈述句后的简单问句,又称附加疑问句。,(1)“三同一反”原则,所谓“三同一反”原则,即：人称相同、动词相同、时态相同、前肯后否或前否后肯。如下表：,4.反意疑问句,概念：附加在陈述句后的简单问句,又称附加疑问,形式,例句,肯定陈述句,+,附加否定疑问句,Lucy often goes to school on foot,doesnt she?,露西通常步行去上学，不是吗？,否定陈述句,+,附加肯定疑问句,You havent finished your work,have you?,你还没有完成你的工作，是不是？,Lets,祈使句，,shall,we?,Lets have a rest,shall we?,咱们休息一下，好吗？,肯定祈使句，,will you?,Be sure to come on time,will you?,保证按时来，好吗？,否定祈使句，,will you?,Dont smoke in the meeting room,will you?,不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？,4.反意疑问句,形式例句肯定陈述句+附加否定疑问句Lucy often go,对反意疑问句的回答,不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句,若事实是肯定的,答语就要用,yes,；事实是否定的,答语就要用,no,。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中,yes,意为“不”,no,意为“是的”。如：,He didnt go to the meeting,did he?,他没有参加这次会议,是吗？,Yes,he did.,不,他参加了。,（,2,）对,反意疑问句,的回答,对反意疑问句的回答,不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句,若事实是,反义疑问句的陈述部分带有,little,few,never,hardly,seldom,nobody,nothing,no one,none,neither,等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如,:,He was,seldom,late,was he?,He is,hardly,able to swim,is he?,当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,(,也就是有,un-,dis-,前缀、,-less,后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,),当作肯定句处理,其后的反义疑问句依然用否定结构。如,:,It is,unfair,isnt it?,He,dislikes,English,doesnt he?,（,3,）特殊情况,反义疑问句的陈述部分带有little,few,neve,Brian does well in math,_,?,Yes,he does.He always gets good scores on math exams.,A.does he,B.doesnt he,C.has he,D.hasnt he,B,【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意“布莱恩擅长数学，_？”“是的。他总是在数学考试中取得好分数。”前半句中为does well in，构成反意疑问句需要借助助动词does，前用肯定后用否定。故选B。,Brian does well in math,_?,You haven,t cleaned your bedroom,have you?,_,.I,ve been busy talking with John on the phone all the morning.,A.No,I haven,t,B.Yes,I have,C.No,I have,D.Yes,I haven,t,A,【解析】考查反意疑问句的答语。句意“你还没有打扫你的房间，是吗？”“_。我一早上都忙着和约翰通电话。”C、D项本身的结构就是错误的，故排除。根据答句句意可知此处是指没有打扫房间。故选A。,You havent cleaned your bedr,You used to be quiet,_ you?,Yes.But now Im more outgoing.,A.used,B