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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/2/28,#,2024/11/24,1,一、正常解剖,胆囊,(gallbladder),形态:多数呈梨形,(pear-shaped),分部:底,(fundus),、体,(body),、,颈,(neck),胆汁:无回声区,(anechoic area),第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/271一、正常解剖胆囊(gallbladder,2024/11/24,2,一、正常解剖,胆囊,(gallbladder),空腹状态,(fasting state),大小:长径前后径,囊壁:纤细光滑,2mm,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/272一、正常解剖胆囊(gallbladder,2024/11/24,3,三、异常图象,胆囊结石,(gallstone),典型声像图,囊内有一或多枚强回声团,(bright echo),后方声影,(acoustic shadow),强光团随体位改变而移动,(gravity transfer sign),第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/273三、异常图象胆囊结石(gallstone,2024/11/24,4,三、异常图象,胆囊结石,(gallstone),不典型声像图,胆囊结石呈弧形光带,后方声影及后壁不清,胆囊腔变小甚至闭合,即,WES,征,(Wwall,Eecho Sshadow),第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/274三、异常图象胆囊结石(gallstone,2024/11/24,5,三、异常图象,胆囊结石,(gallstone),不典型声像图,成堆或成排强回声,后方一串平行声影,(parallel acoustic shadows),第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/275三、异常图象胆囊结石(gallstone,2024/11/24,6,三、异常图象,胆囊胆固醇结晶,(cholesterol crystal),囊壁附多粒小光点,光点后伴彗星尾征,(comet tail sign),光点不随体位移动,回声息肉结石,光点脂餐后可排出,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/276三、异常图象胆囊胆固醇结晶(choles,2024/11/24,7,三、异常图象,胆囊息肉,(gallbladder polyps),囊壁等回声团块,向胆囊腔内突出,位置固定不移动,团块后方无声影,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/277三、异常图象胆囊息肉(gallbladd,2024/11/24,8,三、异常图象,胆囊癌,(gallbladder cancer),囊壁回声增粗不均,腔内见形态不规则,回声不均匀的团块,肿块向胆囊腔突出,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/278三、异常图象胆囊癌(gallbladde,2024/11/24,9,三、异常图象,胆囊炎,(cholecystitis),化脓性胆囊炎,探头压胆囊可致疼痛,(,ultrasonic Murphys sign),胆囊肿胀常呈椭园形,囊壁增厚可呈双壁征,(,double wall sign,),囊内有雾状微细光点,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/279三、异常图象胆囊炎(cholecysti,2024/11/24,10,三、异常图象,胆囊炎,(cholecystitis),坏疽性胆囊炎,轮廓显示不完整,内回声增多散乱,周围可有炎性块,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2710三、异常图象胆囊炎(cholecyst,2024/11/24,11,三、异常图象,胆囊炎,(cholecystitis),慢性胆囊炎,多伴胆囊结石,多数胆囊增大,囊壁大于,3mm,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2711三、异常图象胆囊炎(cholecyst,2024/11/24,12,一、正常解剖,胆道,(bile duct),胆总管,(common bile duct),分段:分上、下两段,上段:,PV,主干前方易显,下段:气体干扰不易显,内径:一般小于,0.6cm,肝内胆道,(,intrahepatic bile duct,),正常情况下不能显示,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2712一、正常解剖胆道(bile duct),2024/11/24,13,一、正常解剖,胆道,(bile duct),与门静脉长轴垂直的切面是评估胆总管极为优越的切面。,该切面的门静脉、胆总管和肝动脉呈米老鼠征(,Mickey sign,),第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2713一、正常解剖胆道(bile duct),2024/11/24,14,三、异常图象,胆管结石,(bile duct stone),纵切面扫查时,管腔内见强回声团,强回声后方有声影,结石近端胆管扩张,管壁增厚回声增强,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2714三、异常图象胆管结石(bile duc,2024/11/24,15,三、异常图象,胆管结石,(bile duct stone),横切面扫查时,可见强回声与管壁间有狭窄的胆汁透声区包绕,呈“海岛”征,(island sign),样改变。,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2715三、异常图象胆管结石(bile duc,2024/11/24,16,三、异常图象,先天性胆总管囊状扩张症,(choledochal cyst),胆管呈囊状扩张,壁薄而光滑清晰,腔内为无回声区,常可见胆管结石,伴肝内胆管扩张者称,(Carolis disease),。,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2716三、异常图象先天性胆总管囊状扩张症(c,胰腺(pancreas),胰腺(pancreas),伴肝内胆管扩张者称(Carolis disease)。,胰腺位于腹膜后,形态呈长条形,分头、颈、体、尾四部分,超声测值分别为3cm、2cm、13cm,主胰管内径2mm。,囊壁:纤细光滑,2mm,颈(neck),胰腺(pancreas),胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer),慢性胰腺炎(chronic pancreatitis),Eecho Sshadow),(ultrasonic Murphys sign),急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis),(parallel acoustic shadows),胆总管(common bile duct),囊壁:纤细光滑,2mm,假性囊肿(pseudo cyst),胰腺(pancreas),胆囊结石(gallstone),胆囊(gallbladder),A胰头癌压迫胆总管下段及胰管,可见“四个扩张”征象,即胰管、胆总管、胆囊、肝内胆管扩张。,2024/11/24,17,一、正常解剖,胰腺,(pancreas),胰腺位于腹膜后,形态呈长条形,分头、颈、体、尾四部分,超声测值分别为,3cm,、,2cm,、,13cm,,主胰管内径,2mm,。,第六章胆道及胰腺,胰腺(pancreas)2023/8/2717一、正常解剖胰,2024/11/24,18,一、正常解剖,胰腺,(pancreas),超声检查是以胰周的,大血管如脾,V,等作为,识别的主要标志。,胰实质回声较肝脏回,声略强。,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2718一、正常解剖胰腺(pancreas)超,2024/11/24,19,三、异常图象,急性胰腺炎,(acute pancreatitis),水肿型胰腺炎,全胰弥漫性增大,界清内部回声少,实质不均低回声,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2719三、异常图象急性胰腺炎(acute p,2024/11/24,20,三、异常图象,急性胰腺炎,(acute pancreatitis),出血坏死性胰腺炎,多数伴胰周或腹腔内积液,胰周因渗出可出现不规则低回声区。,边缘不完整,回声不均质,可有不规则斑片状强回声,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2720三、异常图象急性胰腺炎(acute p,2024/11/24,21,三、异常图象,急性胰腺炎,(acute pancreatitis),间接征象,胰腺肿胀明显时,,可压迫胆总管、主,胰管及周围血管。,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2721三、异常图象急性胰腺炎(acute p,2024/11/24,22,三、异常图象,慢性胰腺炎,(chronic pancreatitis),形态不规则,轮廓不清晰,回声不均质,胰管可扩张,胰管有结石,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2722三、异常图象慢性胰腺炎(chronic,2024/11/24,23,三、异常图象,慢性胰腺炎,(chronic pancreatitis),假性囊肿(,pseudo cyst,),胰腺形态失常,呈圆形分叶形,其内多有回声,侧方声影不显,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2723三、异常图象慢性胰腺炎(chronic,2024/11/24,24,三、异常图象,胰腺癌,(pancreatic cancer),直接征象,胰腺局限性肿大,病灶形态不规则,肿块边界不清晰,内部回声不均质,肿块多呈低回声,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2724三、异常图象胰腺癌(pancreati,2024/11/24,25,三、异常图象,胰腺癌,(pancreatic cancer),间接征象,A,胰头癌压迫胆总管下段及胰管,可见“四个扩张”征象,即胰管、胆总管、胆囊、肝内胆管扩张。,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2725三、异常图象胰腺癌(pancreati,2024/11/24,26,三、异常图象,胰腺癌,(pancreatic cancer),B,血管受压,C,肝脏及远处转移,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2726三、异常图象胰腺癌(pancreati,胆囊炎(cholecystitis),胰腺(pancreas),急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis),急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis),胰腺(pancreas),伴肝内胆管扩张者称(Carolis disease)。,Eecho Sshadow),肝内胆道(intrahepatic bile duct),该切面的门静脉、胆总管和肝动脉呈米老鼠征(Mickey sign),胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer),胆囊(gallbladder),囊壁:纤细光滑,2mm,囊壁:纤细光滑,2mm,胆囊结石(gallstone),囊壁:纤细光滑,2mm,胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer),与门静脉长轴垂直的切面是评估胆总管极为优越的切面。,胆管结石(bile duct stone),伴肝内胆管扩张者称(Carolis disease)。,与门静脉长轴垂直的切面是评估胆总管极为优越的切面。,2024/11/24,27,四、小结,一、胆囊结石,二、胆囊胆固醇结晶,三、胆囊息肉,四、胆囊炎,五、胆管结石,六、胰腺炎,七、胰腺癌,第六章胆道及胰腺,胆囊炎(cholecystitis)2023/8/2727四,2024/11/24,28,五、思考题,思考题,患者,女性,,45,岁,有右上腹绞痛史,且向右背放射,超声所见如右图,请根据声像图特点作出诊断及诊断依据。,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2728五、思考题思考题 患者,女性,4,2024/11/24,29,谢谢各位,thank you,2023/8/2729谢谢各位thank you,2024/11/24,30,三、异常图象,胆囊息肉,(gallbladder polyps),囊壁等回声团块,向胆囊腔内突出,位置固定不移动,团块后方无声影,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2730三、异常图象胆囊息肉(gallblad,2024/11/24,31,三、异常图象,胆囊炎,(cholecystitis),坏疽性胆囊炎,轮廓显示不完整,内回声增多散乱,周围可有炎性块,第六章胆道及胰腺,2023/8/2731三、异常图象胆囊炎(cholecyst,2024/11/24,32,三、异常图象,胆囊炎,(cholecystitis),慢性胆囊炎,多伴胆囊结石,多数
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