词类转换自然流畅课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词类转换，自然流畅,词是构成语言的根本单位。词性是词的一大特性，它直接决定词在句中的功能。,由于语言和语言之间的差异词汇用法不同、句子结构不同、语言逻辑不同、表达方式不同等，我们在翻译过程中很难找到汉英两种语言词性完全相通，词义完全一样词汇进行翻译。,于是，为了使译文既不失原意又符合汉语/英语的要求，我们在翻译过程中就不得不采用各种方法，其中之一是词类转换，自然流畅。,例1.,Mistakes are an essential part of education.,从错误中吸取教训是教育极为重要的一局部。,例2.,In her habits,she was a living personification of order,method,and exactness.,她的生活习惯表达了她的为人：做事井井有条，按部就班，一丝不苟。,例3.,Soon the train started to move and the passengers were settled to fruit,periodicals and business letters.,很快火车开动了，乘客们安静下来，有的吃水果，有的看期刊，有的那么看起商业书信来。,例,4,He owed his popularity to his,simplicity,.,他之所以人缘好，完全归功于他为人坦率诚恳。,例,5,The,mighty,Pacific washes the shores of five continents.,太平洋,气势磅礴，滚滚波涛,拍打着五洲海岸。,例,6,The ocean,was filled with,turtles and fish,ready for the net.,海洋里,鱼鳖成群，张网可得,。,例,7,住在楼上的人家,得提着,水桶,去,楼下的水龙头那里,打水,。,Families upstairs,have to carry pails,to the taps downstairs for water.,一、各种词类转换成汉语的动词,1名词转化为动词,A science must not be a selfish pleasure.Those who have the good fortune to be able to devote themselves to scientific pursuits must be first to place their knowledge at the service of humanity.,科学绝不是一种自私的享乐。有幸能够致力于科学研究的人，首先应该拿自己的,学识为人类效劳。,Scientist is a person who has deep love in truth,for honesty is the main merit of scientists.,科学家是热爱真理的人。因为老实是科学家主要的美德。,There was no joke on his face.,他脸上一点也看不出开玩笑的意思。,2介词转换为动词,Everyone in the room was greatly surprised at what he said.,听他一说，房间里的每个人都大吃一惊。,Party officials worked long hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps.,党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。,The boys nudged each other aside,for a better view,.,男孩们你挤我，我挤你，都想占一个,能看得更清楚的位置,。,Along the way I took pleasure,in a bird,s song,a tree,s sway,and a cloud,s contortion.,一路上，,小鸟放声歌唱，树枝迎风摆动，乃至云朵舒展变化，,都使我心旷神怡。,3),形容词、副词转换成动词,Cultivation to the mind is,as necessary as,food for the body.,学习对于头脑如同食物对于身体，,不可缺少。,One thorn of experience is,worth,a whole wilderness of warning.,一次痛苦的经验,抵得上,千百次的告诫。,The two bodies are,so far apart,that the attractive force between them is,negligible,.,这两个物体,相距甚远,，它们之间的吸引力可以,忽略不计,。,The book will be,out soon,.,那本书,很快就出版,了。,In this case the temperature in the furnace is,up,.,在这种情况下，炉温就,升高,。,No Thoroughfare,禁止通行,No Admittance Except on Business,闲人免进,No Parking,禁止停车,No photographing,禁止摄影,No passing,禁止超车,Under Construction,正在施工,For persons over 18 Years of Age,未满,18,岁禁止入内,No Money Down,免付定金,No Hawkers 不准在此设摊兜售,Authorized Cars Only,未经许可，车辆不可入内,A Drink on the House,本店免费提供饮料,Compliments of This Establishment,敝店竭诚效劳,Satisfaction or your money back,包您满意，不满退款,Full 3 Months Unconditional Service Guaranteed,保证免费维修三个月,Easy Job.Good Wages.No Experience Necessary.,工作容易，报酬优厚，无需经验。,Big Bucks the Easy Way!,轻轻松松挣大钱！,Good to the last drop.,滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。麦斯威尔咖啡,Benjamin Franklin,an American statesman,writer and scientist,once established 13 principles for himself:,To help myself live without fault,I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues.These virtues are:,为了使自己生活不犯错误，特制订出我认为可行的十三条守那么，这些守那么是：,1),Temperance,2),Self-control,3),Silence,4),Order,5),firmness,6),Savings,7),Industry,8),Honesty,9),Justice,10),Cleanliness,11),Calmness,12),Morality,13),Humbleness,节制饮食,自我克制,沉默寡言,有条不紊,坚决信念,勤俭节约,工作勤奋,忠诚老实,办事公正,衣履整洁,平心静气,品行高尚,谦虚恭顺,二、各种词类转换成汉语的名词,英语中有些词，如含义较抽象的动词、形容词、副词等，翻译过程中有时候需要转换成汉语的名词。,1)把英语中的动词转换成汉语名词,In the field of sports you are more or less accepted for what you do rather than what you are.,在体育领域，你或多或少得到成认的原因是你的作为，而不是你的身份。,A teacher,affects,eternity;he can never tell where his influence stops.,教师的,影响,是永恒的；无法估计他的影响会有多深远。,The design,aims at,automatic operation,easy regulation,simple maintenance.,设计的,目的,在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。,2)把英语中的形容词转换成汉语名词,The more you study,the more you will find yourself ignorant.,学，然后知缺乏。,在日常翻译中，“the+形容词表示“的人或事，常译成名词。,They offered the beautiful to the dying.,他们把一切美的感受给予了濒临死亡的病人。,The new contract would be,good,for ten years.,新的合同有效期为,10,年。,He is,physically weak,but,mentally sound.,他身体虽弱，但思想健康。,3),把英语中的副词转换成汉语名词,Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world,and it is very active,chemically,.,氧是物质世界最重要的元素之一，其,化学性,很活泼。,The device is shown,schematically,in fig.2.,这种装置的,简图,，示于图,2,中。,4),把英语中的代词转换成汉语名词,The unit of weight is the gram,that,of length is the meter,and,that,of capacity is the liter.,重量的,单位,是克，长度的,单位,是米，容积的,单位,是升。,The great hate failure;they will conquer,it,and rise above,it,.,伟人们憎恶失败，他们要战胜,失败,，超越,失败。,三,.,各种词类转换成汉语的副词,1),把英语中的形容词转换成汉语副词,Literature flourishes,best,when it is half a trade and half an art.,当文学一半成为贸易一半成为艺术时，就是它最繁荣的时期。,There is,real,constitutional,peculiarity in this race.,这个种族确实有其体质上的特点。,A helicopter is,free,to go almost anywhere.,直升机几乎可以,自由地,飞到任何地方。,Only when we study their properties can we make,better,use of the materials.,只有研究这些材料的特性才能,更好地,利用它们。,2)把英语中的其他词类转换成汉语副词,The three foundations of learning:seeing much,suffering much,and studying much.,求学的三个根本条件：多观察、多磨砺、多研究。名词转换副词,People tend to read those books easy and funny to understand.,人们往往会读容易理解、又逗乐的书籍。动词转换副词,四、转换成汉语的形容词,1),把英语中的名词转换成汉语形容词,A te