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主谓一致,一、主谓一致的原则,主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保,持一致。一般遵循下列原则：,1.,语法一致原则,：,主语和谓语在人称和数上一致,，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。,2.,意义一致原则,：,谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义,。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。,3.,就近一致原则,：谓语动词的形式,与邻近,的主语在人称和数上一致,，如“,There be,句型”即适用这一原则。,二、主谓一致的具体应用,1.,名词作主语,1),集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。,常见的这类名词有：,army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population,等。,有些集合名词如,cattle,people,police,等，通常看作复数，,谓语动词必须用复数,。,e.g.The,team,is,the best in the league.,The,team,are,driving to the game in their own cars.,（,team,意为“,队员们,”）,The,police,are,also looking for a second car.,2),单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式,，常见的这类名词,有：,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works,（工厂）等。,e.g.The only,means,of communication,between them,was,sign language.,All,means,have,been tried out to,increase agricultural production.,3),表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（,maths,，,physics,等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。,e.g.,Maths,is,one of the most important,courses in the senior school.,The Times,is,Britains oldest,national daily.,4),表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式,，,有：,trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass,等。,但如果其前有,a pair of,a kind of,等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数,。,e.g.,A pair of trousers is,on the bed.,My,blue trousers have,worn out.,5),当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。,e.g.,Seven kilometers was,covered in two,hours.,Four thousand dollars is,more than,she can afford.,Ten minutes was,given to prepare the,answer.,6)“the+,形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，,这类词有,wounded,rich,unemployed,blind,等。,e.g.The,unemployed,lead,a miserable life.,7)“more than one/many a+,单数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式；“,more+,复数名词,+than one”,作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。,e.g.There,is,more than one answer,to,your question.,Many a critic is,satisfied with the,play.,More boxes than one have,been used,at the station.,8),“分数或百分数+of+,名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of,后名词的数,。,e.g.,Only,one third of,the,work,was,done,yesterday.,Three fourths of,the,students,come,to,school on,time.,2.,代词作主语,1),由代词,each,every one,no one,either,neither,another,以及合成代词,something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone,作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。,e.g.Two boys entered.,Each was,carrying,a suitcase.,Anyone,who,is,over sixteen,is,allowed in.,2),关系代词,who,that,which,等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。,e.g.David is one of those,people,who,have,trouble making up their minds.,（先行,词是,people,）,He is,the only,one of the students who,was,late this morning.,（当,one,前有,the only,时，先行词是,one,）,3,),all,most,none,some,等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定,。,e.g.,All,who,have,studied this question,have come to,the same conclusion.,None,is,more qualified for the task,than he.,3.,由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语,1),用,and,或,both.and.,连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由,and,连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时,and,后面的可数名词不带冠词。,e.g.,Both,the secretary,and,the manager,have,agreed to be present.,Law,and,order,means,different things to people with different political opinions.,There is,a watch and chain on the table.,（,watch and chain,带链的表）,2),当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用,with,as well as,along with,rather than,together with,including,in addition to,与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。,e.g.The,missing things,as well as the,bag,have,been found and returned,to the owner.,3),由,or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。,e.g.,Either,his brother,or,his friends are,wrong.,Not only,the students,but also their,teacher goes,to the exhibition.,4.,从句及非谓语动词作主语,1),名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由,and,连接表两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，,what,从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。,e.g.,Whether,we go camping tomorrow,depends,on the weather.,What,caused the snow slide and how many tourists,are,injured are still unknown.,What,you want,is,a big bag.,You need not get any more stamps.,What,we have,are,quite sufficient.,2),动词,-ing,形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。,e.g.,Smoking/To smoke is,a bad habit.,用,be,动词的适当形式填空。,1.The publication of Great Expectations,which _ both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.,（江苏,2017,）,was,2.Fast food _ full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.,（,2017,全国卷,I,）,is,3.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43._ often acceptable.,（,2016,新课标全国卷,II,）,4.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69._ too violent for use at the table.,（,2016,新课标全国卷,III,）,is,were,I.,用括号内动词的正确形式填空。,1.Every possible means _(use)to prevent the air pollution so far,but things are still serious.,2.The United Nations _(be)thought to be one of the most important international organizations nowadays.,3.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,_(work)on the project day and night to meet the deadline now.,has been used,is,is working,4.That your friend doesnt offer you a gift on your birthday possibly _(mean)that he forgets about it.,5.Many a foreigner _(be)looking forward to visiting the mysterious China nowadays.,6.A survey of the opinions of experts shows that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _(be)good for ones health.,means,is,i
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