Weatherford_精确控制压力(海洋)钻井服务July2010_rev1bCN

2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,威德福公司精确控制压力（海洋）钻井服务,谭文勇,Sales Manager,Weatherford Secure Drilling Services and Testing,China,0,控制压力钻井,控制压力,钻井,可钻性驱动,提速钻井,花费驱动,控制压力钻井,控压钻井（,MPD),是一种可调式的钻井方法，可以精确的控制井眼中的环空压力剖面。其目的是要确保井底压力在控制范围内。,MPD,试图避免地层流体连续的进入井筒返出地面。我们可以通过使用合适的设备和技术，则任何不经意的地层流体的侵入均可控制在钻井安全范围内。,对以上定义的注解：,MPD,钻井作业采用的工具和技术可减少钻井风险，并且,通过主动控制环空压力剖面，,在井眼窄窗口条件的,限制下,减小钻井,成本,。,MPD,包括控制回压，钻井液密度，钻井液流态，环空液面高度，循环摩阻，井眼尺寸或者它们的组合。,MPD,可容许我们对观测到的压力变化采取迅速地纠正措施。动力控制环空压力的能力很容易达到常规钻井不能达到的经济安全的钻井效果。,迅速改变有效井底压力,常规钻井,:,BHP=MW+ECD,井底压力,=,泥浆密度,+,当量循环密度,井眼内仅有泥浆可调,=,开泵,停泵 和 泵速。,MPD:,BHP=MW+ECD+Backpressure,井底压力,=,泥浆密度,+,当量循环密度,+,井口回压,通过控制井口回压和井眼摩擦力可以显著的调整井底工作压力，而且很少需要停止钻进。,控压钻井应用分类,PMCD:,Pressurised Mud Cap Drilling,高压泥浆帽,for use in fractured,vugular carbonate reservoirs with total losses,.Enable high ROP,less flat time and lower-cost drilling in extreme-loss situations.,应用在裂缝性或孔洞性油藏中，钻井液完全漏失。在极端漏失情形下，可以有效提高机械钻速，减少非生产时间降低钻井成本。,CBHP:,稳定的井底压力,for applications where a constant bottom hole pressure is required,tight margins,Extended Reach Wells,HPHT wells,slim hole wells.,R,educe,NPT and enable fewer and deeper casing strings when“drilling windows are narrow or relatively unknow.,应用在需要稳定的井底压力、边界较窄、大位移井、高温高压井或小井眼等情。减少非生产作业时间，当钻井窗口很窄或不知的情况下减少套管下深壑层数。,DG:Dual Gradient,多重泥浆密度梯度,for deep water&offshore weak shallow formations,。,应用在深水或海上开发薄而浅的油藏,HSE:Returns Flow Control,健康、安全和环境问题：控制井口返出物,For improved operational safety BSTS,用于提高操作的安全性,预测,Pp,实际,Pp,预测,Pf,保持泥浆压力梯度尽可能接近实际地层压力梯度极有好处（也可能有其它的技术局限性象井壁稳定）,我们想“沿着地层压力线走”,为什么使用精确控压？,当量循环压力大于破裂压力,泥浆静液压力大于孔隙压力,当量循环压力,=,泥浆静液压力,+,回压,孔隙压力,泥浆液柱压力,井深,压力,破裂压力,为什么使用精确控压？,Back-pressure,地面回压控制,孔隙压力,泥浆液柱压力,当量循环压力低于破裂压力,泥浆静液压力低于孔隙压力,当量循环压力,=,泥浆静液压力,+,回压,破裂压力,接单根,井深,压力,窗口,窗口,常规循环,最理想的情况是静态和动态压力均正好穿过由储层压力和地层破裂压力组成的压力窗口。,在比较窄的压力窗口循环,操作窗口比较窄的情况下，循化时有漏失，停止循环时溢流,什么是井底常压情况下的控制环空压力钻井方法？,静态,BHP=HH,(MW),动态,BHP=HH,(MW),+AFP,情况描述,:,不循环时情况正常,但循环时泥浆柱压力和环空摩擦压力超过地层压力并且发生漏失现象。,井底常压控制压力钻井方法,可能发生的情况：静态不循环时使用低密度泥浆并在地表施加回压。,动态,BHP=HH,(MW),+AFP,静态,BHP=HH,(MW),+BP,回压,单梯度控制压力钻井方法,BP,动压,BHP=HH,(MW),+AFP+BP,静压,BHP=HH,(MW),AFP+BP,通过旋转控制头和节流管汇可以在地面施加回压。,Pressurized Mudcap MPD,利用加压泥浆帽实现控制压力钻井,Equivalent Circulating Density,当量循环密度,Pressure cannot be controlled with a single gradient system,当无法用单一密度泥浆体系控制井底压力时候,Pressurized Mudcap MPD,利用加压泥浆帽实现控制压力钻井,Back pressure,回压,One solution is MPD but with high surface pressures,解决方法之一是用很高的地面压力实现控制压力钻井,First“RiserCap”program in Asia Pacific was a 3 well program in Malaysia drilled on the Shell E-8 Field from the Semi-submersible STENA CLYDE,亚洲地区的第一个“,RiserCap”,项目是在马来西亚,Shell E-8,区块的的半潜式平台上进行的，总共钻了,3,口井,Trip Tank55 bbls,RegenDiverter,Alpine 3000RCH,13 5/8 5000#,13 5/8 5000#,13 5/8 5000#,Mud Cross,Shale Shaker,Wilkins Air Actuated Pump,Flex Hose from RCH,Tripping Out of Hole,Tripping In of Hole,6 Radius RCH Ecological tray,6 Flow Line,4 PMCDsupply line,4 600 Globe Valve-Throttle,Trip Tank55 bbls,Spider Deck,3 Reset Relief Valve 400psi,2000 psi ball valve,2000 psi ball valve,7 1/16 5K Hydraulic Gate Galve,3 Reset Relief Valve 400psi,70 X 2000 psi Flex line,4 ANSI 600 Gate Valve,ANSI 600 6Gate Valve,Figure 6 206,Figure 4 602,6X 70 Flex Hose,Figure 4 602,Figure 2 602,Figure 2 602,3 Figure 1502,3 Figure 1502,MUD PUMP ISOLATED ON LAM TO CONTROL ANNULAR PRESSURE WHILE DRILLING,4 HYD VALVES CLOSED.,Booster Line,16 Flow line,Pressure ReliefHard Line,6 206,4 602,1/2 NPT Port from RCH Tranducer Assembly,Annular Pressuremax 400 psi,Driller Cabin,22 6,1,2,3,4,5,6,8,76,9,10,11,PMCD with Rotating Control Device,Valve Settings,Malaysia PMCD(Semi-submersible Rig),马来西亚,-,加压泥浆帽钻井（半潜式平台）,Sarawak Shell(East Malaysia),F-6 Field 3 wells no losses,F-6,区块，,3,口井，无漏失,Jintan Field 2 wells no losses,Jintan,区块，两口井，无漏失,E-8 Field 4 wells serious losses,E-8,区块，,4,口井，漏失严重,Carbonates with Karst features,碳酸盐岩岩层,Gas wells,气井,Malaysia PMCD(Semi-tender Barge),马来西亚,-,加压泥浆帽钻井（半潜式钻井船）,精确控压钻井流程图,精确控压钻井系统的目标,Advanced Kick Detection,超前的井涌监测,Kick detection and automatic well control,井涌监测和自动井控,Bottom hole pressure mani