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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,有限空间作业安全隐患排查及检测要点,31、园日涉以成趣,门虽设而常关。,32、鼓腹无所思。朝起暮归眠。,33、倾壶绝余沥,窥灶不见烟。,34、春秋满四泽,夏云多奇峰,秋月扬明辉,冬岭秀孤松。,35、丈夫志四海,我愿不知老。,有限空间作业安全隐患排查及检测要点有限空间作业安全隐患排查及检测要点31、园日涉以成趣,门虽设而常关。,32、鼓腹无所思。朝起暮归眠。,33、倾壶绝余沥,窥灶不见烟。,34、春秋满四泽,夏云多奇峰,秋月扬明辉,冬岭秀孤松。,35、丈夫志四海,我愿不知老。有限空间作业安全隐患排查,有限空间环境特点及危险性分析,一)有限空间辨识,定义:有限空间是指封闭或部分封闭,进出口较为狭窄有限,未被,设计为固定工作场所,自然通风不良,易造成有毒有害、易燃易爆物质,积聚或氧含量不足的空间,诠释:一切通风不良、容易造成有毒有害气体积聚和缺氧的设备、,设施和场所都叫有限空间(作业受到限制的空间),在有限空间的作业,都称为有限空间作业,综合性学习是语文课程标准中的一大亮点,既为学生的探究学习提供了广阔的空间,又能促进学生的综合发展。然而,新课标只为我们指明了方向,前进的路上还是点着不明之灯,农村初中的语文综合性学习之路更是一片漆黑。,究其原因,经笔者多方了解,农村大多数学校极少正式开展综合性实践活动,甚至空白。其原因有诸多方面:,1.教师的教育观念比较落后。许多教师认为上综合性学习实践活动较耗费师生精力,浪费教学时间,影响教学成绩,因而只让学生了解课本上的知识点,做一做习题,完全属于应试教学;或是随意地组织学生搞一些活动,应付罢了。,2.教师组织不全,学生活动范围小。因农村学校教学条件差,周边环境存在安全隐患,教师担心学生的安全问题,宁可让学生待在教室里完成教学任务,也不敢带学生到郊外实践,结果搜集资料不齐全、课前准备欠充分,课堂因学生参与意识不强而气氛沉闷,最后不了了之。,3.为了尽快完成教学任务,教师们常将综合性学习课上成阅读课或练习课,从而使学生缺乏写作素材,内容空洞无物。,摆脱农村综合性学习活动开展效率低、质量差教学现状,路曼曼其需求索。通过长期的实践尝试,笔者凭着自己的执着精神,努力摸索,找到几点肤浅的解决方法:,1.教师要利用校园、家庭和社区资源,让学生从不同渠道获取信息。,语文综合性学习涉及的知识面较广,不仅来源于书本,更来源于学校、家庭和社区。可见,教师不能将“语文学习的外延与生活的外延是相等的”这句话停留在口头上,教师应让学生融入生活、体验生活,人人主动积极地投身其中,善于与他人合作交流。,教师在每次综合性学习时必须提前一个星期或者两到三个星期布置,让学生有充分的时间自主、合作、探究有关的话题,鼓励学生多渠道获取信息、收集资料。教师可以让学生上网查找资料,更重要的是让学生到校园、家庭、社区收集资料,使学生逐步掌握互联网、图书馆、社会生活、大自然等获取资料的方法与途径。,2.教师要上好作品的展示、经验的交流和成果的评价课。每当综合性学习的一切工作准备就绪完毕,教师不能将成果放置一边,教师要利用一两节课的时间组织学生一起总结、交流、分享体会和成果。教师要让学生感受、体验合作与成功的喜悦,让大家在课堂上将自己的学习成果以各种形式展示出来,互相分享、相互学习、共同进步。,但要提高学生语文综合性学习的有效性,学习过程的评价也是至关重要的。,课标中指出:“除了教师的评价之外,要多让学生开展自我评价和相互评价。”如在七年级上第一单元“这就是我”语文综合性学生活动中,笔者鼓励学生大胆说出自己作为一个农村孩子的优点和特长。学生各抒己见,说出自己会种菜,会养鸽子,会做饭等,此时,笔者对他们的做法表示赞赏,并给予鼓励,树立他们做人的信心,使他们敢于评价自己,敢于评价他人。,3.教师要及时上好写作课。生活是写作的源泉,当学生从生活中将资料收集完毕时,教师应趁热打铁,上好写作课。因为此时学生有素材可选,有话可说,作文有了源头活水,写起文章来就得心应手了。因此,教师紧随综合活动课之后精心组织学生写作,并当堂完成,才不会出现抄写现象,才能更好地体现学生的语文综合素质。,总之,农村学校要开展语文综合性活动课并不难,只要我们在实践中勇于探索与创新,充分利用农村独特的自然人文资源,在课程改革的这片沃土上就能孕育出语文综合性学习这一朵美丽的花,就能给语文教学带来馥郁的芬芳和青春的活力。,English idea is to develop new curriculum reform will listen,speak,and write all-round talent,but for a long time,unsatisfactory quality of English teaching in rural middle school,students ability to use English is poor,most of the students there.do not understand,can not say problems,the high test scores,hearing is deaf,dumb expression is a very serious problem.The reason is mainly been overlooked in the cultivation of students ability to use relaxation training in listening and speaking ability.,一、改变固有课堂教学模式,倡导听说练习式,English teaching in the past,usually talk about words,then sentences and text analysis,during which although teachers with reading,students read the questions,but always lecturing based.Such teachers more time to teach,students less practice time,less time to digest.In order to enhance the training and speaking ability,I have taken the following measures:,1.1 以听引路,活跃课堂。,Because of language lab equipment is also not completely into the rural school,and therefore can only be used with a tape recorder service in language teaching.Listen to the tape as the primary method of hearing students.Prior to award students to preview a new lesson instructor,understanding the words,leaving thinking questions,saving time for the classroom.While listening to the recording while watching recorded content during class prepared slides,sound,form,meaning parallel,repeated twice,so that students are able to answer the teachers questions.Some students also on the contents briefly repeat what they hear.,1.2.建立值日生汇报制度,给学生提供听说的机会。,Before class,require the use of 2-3 minutes on duty for the bell to the teacher before class report,the contents of reports,including the date,weather,classmates day attendance and learning.Because a student can only turn a few times a semester,a rare opportunity,so they can be carefully prepared in advance,so that stimulate interest in learning.Each student also hear the training students are on duty to report the audience,so I heard such a good combination of training.,1.3、以听促读。,I heard and read of training are complementary and mutually reinforcing.After the students have heard of a certain ability and habits,to master a certain vocabulary and grammar school finished most basic teaching should focus on students reading ability stage.But the focus on reading ability,it does not mean you want to hear relaxation training.How to organically combine the two together?In reading training,we use a lot of reading material recorded for students to do the listening exercises.For some of the more difficult reading material,the first by a teacher to guide students to seize the key words,phrases,sentences,into sentences in the text,mutual mastery,into one side,listen to the recording,according to finally do some short answer questions and discriminant right and wrong in practice.This not only improves the students listening,but also speed up the reading speed.二、开辟英语教学的第二课堂,创造良好的训练环境,英语教学仅仅课堂教学是不够的,还必须让学生在课外多练。开辟英语教学的第二课能给学生创造一个良好的语言环境,为学生提供丰富多样的练习机会。,2.1 创办英语角,Schools can carry out a weekl
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