Walden-瓦尔登湖中英介绍

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2013/11/19,#,Walden,Henry David Thoreau,创作背景,1845,年，,28,岁的,梭罗住,进瓦尔,登,自,耕自食，两年,有余,实验生活,他不是逃避人生，而是在,探索人生，批判人生，振奋人生，阐述人生地更高规律,。,“I went to the woods,because I wanted to live deliberately.I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life.To put to rout all that was not life.And not,when I came to die,discover that I had not lived.”,瓦尔登湖,与,圣经,诸书一同被美国国会图书馆评为“,塑造读者的,25,本书,”。在当代美国，它是读者最多的散文经典。,美国,著名作家哈丁曾说，,瓦尔登湖,内容丰厚、意义深远，它是简单生活的权威指南，是对大自然的真情描述，是向金钱社会的讨伐檄文，是传世久远的文学名著，,是一部圣书,。,评价,译序,：,“瓦尔登湖是本静静的书，极静极静的书，并不是热热闹闹的书。它是一本寂寞的书，一本孤独的书。它只是一本一个人的书。如果你的心没有安静下来，恐怕你很难进入到这本书里去。我要告诉你的是，在你的心静下来以后，你就会思考一些什么。在你思考一些什么问题时，你才有可能和这位享利戴维梭罗先生一起，思考一下自己，更思考一下更高的原则。”,徐迟,Walden is not only,a good prose,which centers on the description of the landscape of the Walden Pond,but also,a,great philosophy work,that is full of educational meanings,Walden contains 18 chapters,Economy(,经济篇）,Complementary Verses,（补充诗节）,Where I Lived,and What I Lived For,（我的生活所在；我的,生活追求,）,Reading,（阅读）,Sounds,（声音,),Solitude(,隐居）,Visitors,（访客）,The Bean-Field,（豆田）,The Village,（镇子）,The Ponds,（湖）,Baker,Farm,（贝克田庄）,Higher Laws,（更高的法则）,Brute Neighbors,（禽兽为邻）,House-Warming,（室内取暖）,Former Inhabitants;and Winter Visitors,（昔日的居民和冬天的访 客）,Winter Animals,（冬天的禽兽）,The Pond in Winter,（冬天的湖）,Spring,（春天）,Synopsis(contents),Economy,This is the first chapter and also the longest by far.Thoreau begins by outlining his project:,a two-year and two-month,stay at a crude cabin in the woods near Walden Pond,.He does this,he says,in order to illustrate the spiritual benefits of a simplified lifestyle.,He easily supplies the four necessities of life(food,shelter,clothing,and fuel).He meticulously records his expenditures and earnings,demonstrating his understanding of economy,as he builds his house and buys and grows food.For a home and freedom,he spends a mere$28.13.,Complementary,Verses,This chapter consists entirely of a poem,The Pretensions of Poverty,by seventeenth-century English poet Thomas Carew.The poem criticizes those who think that,their poverty gives them unearned moral and intellectual superiority,.,Synopsis(contents),Where I Lived,and What I Lived For,After playing with the idea of buying a farm,Thoreau describes his cabins location.Then he explains that he took up his abode at Walden Woods so as to,live deliberately,to front only the essential facts of life,and see if I could not learn what it had to teach,and not,when I came to die,discover that I had not lived,.,Reading,Thoreau provides discourse on the benefits,of reading classical literature(preferably in the original Greek or Latin),and bemoans the lack of sophistication in Concord,manifested in the popularity of popular literature.He yearns for a utopian time when each New England village will support wise men to educate and thereby ennoble the population.,Synopsis(contents),Visitors,Thoreau writes about the visitors to his cabin.Among the 25 or 30 visitors is a young French-Canadian woodchopper,Alec Therien,whom Thoreau idealizes as approaching the ideal man,and a runaway slave,whom Thoreau helps on his journey to freedom in Canada.,The Bean-Field,Thoreau relates his efforts to cultivate two and a half acres of beans.He plants in June and spends his summer mornings weeding the field with a hoe.He sells most of the crop,and his small profit of$8.71 covers his needs.,The Village,Thoreau visits the small town of Concord every day or two to hear the In late summer,he is arrested for refusing to pay federal taxes,but is released the next day.He explains that he refuses to pay taxes to a government that supports slavery.,Synopsis(contents),Baker Farm,While on an afternoon ramble in the woods,Thoreau gets caught in a rainstorm and takes shelter in the dirty,dismal hut of John Field,a penniless but hard-working Irish farmhand,and his wife and children.Thoreau urges Field to live a simple but independent and fulfilling life in the woods,thereby freeing himself of employers and creditors.But the Irishman wont give up his dreams of luxury,which is the American dream.,Higher Laws,Thoreau discusses whether hunting wild animals and eating meat is good.He concludes that the primitive,animal side of humans drives them to kill and eat animals,and that a person who transcends this propensity is superior to those who dont.(Thoreau eats fish.)In addition to vegetarianism,he lauds chastity,work,and teetotalism.,Synopsis(contents),Former Inhabitants;and Winter Visitors,Thoreau relates the stories of people who formerly lived in the vicinity of Walden Pond.Then he talks about the few visitors he receives during the winter:a farmer,a woodchopper,and a poet(Ellery Channing,).,Winter Animals,Thoreau amuses himself by watching wildlife during the winter.He relates his observations of owls,hares,red squirrels,mice,and various birds as they hunt,sing,and eat the scraps and corn he put out for them.He also describes a fox hunt that passes by.,Synopsis(contents),Spring,As spring arrives,Walden and the other po