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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Summary Of Grammar,The Summary Of Grammar,The attributive clause,（定语从句）,The attributive clause（定语从句）,定语从句做题步骤,1.,判断句子是否为定语从句,2.,若句子是定语从句，找到先行词，判断是人还是物,3.,分析句子是否缺少成分，然后选择关系代词或关系副词,4.,介词加,which,就相当于某些关系副词,5.What,一定不能用于定语从句中,定语从句做题步骤,关系词,关系词,who,Whom,That,Which,Whose,When,Where,why,先行词,人,人,人或物,物,人或物,时间,地点,原因,关系代词,关系副词,关系词关系词先行词关系代词关系副词,只用,that,不用,which,的场合,1.,先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,e.g.This is the most interesting film,that,Ive ever seen.,2.,当先行词是不定代词时，如,all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,no one,some,等,e.g.He did everything,that,he could to help us.,3.,先行词被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,one of,the only,the very,the right,last,few,just,still,等修饰时,e.g.The only thing,that,we do is to give you some advice.,4.,当先行词既有人又有物时,e.g.My father and my mum talked for about half an hour of things and persons,that,they remembered in the school.,只用that不用which的场合1.先行词前有序数词或形容词,5.,当主句是以,who,或,which,开始的特殊疑问句时,e.g.Who is the boy,that,won the gold medal.,6.,有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用,which,，另一个宜用,that,e.g.They built up a small factory,which produced things,that,could cause pollution.,7.,当先行词前有,such,或,the same,修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时,e.g.She is wearing the same dress,that,she wore yesterday.,5.当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时,只用,which,不用,that,的场合,1.,关系代词前有介词时,e.g.He built a house through,which,he could study the sky.,2.,引导非限定性定语从句时,e.g.Football,which,is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.,3.,先行词本身是,that,时,e.g.Whats that,which,flashed in the sky just now.,4.,先行词后有插入语时,e.g.Here is the English grammar book,which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.,只用which不用that的场合1.关系代词前有介词时,只用,who,不用,that,的场合,1.,先行词是指人的不定代词时，如,one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,none,those,people,等,e.g.People all like those who have good manners.,2.,当先行词有较长的后置定语时,e.g.Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a lecture on how to learn English.,3.,当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时,e.g.The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.,只用who不用that的场合1.先行词是指人的不定代词时，如,Way,和,Time,后的定语从句,当,way,作为先行词且意为“方法，方式”时,关系词可以是,that,in which,或省略,当先行词是,time,时,Time,表示“次数”时关系词用,that,that,可省略,Time,表示“时间”时关系词用,when,或介词加,which,Way 和Time 后的定语从句当way作为先行词且意为“方,The same as,侧重于相似性,The same that,侧重于同一性,遇到,point,和,situation,时关系词通常用,where,The same as 侧重于相似性,Noun clause(,名词性从句,),Noun clause(名词性从句),名词性从句做题步骤,1.,判断句子是否为名词性从句,2.,若句子为名词性从句再判断是哪一种名词性从句,3.,要分析该句是否缺少什么成分也就是说所选的连接词除了引导名词性从句外是否要在该从句中充当什么成分,4.,要特别注意同位语从句,(which,不能引导同位语从句,),名词性从句做题步骤1.判断句子是否为名词性从句,名词性从句的种类,1.,主语从句,2.,表语从句,3.,宾语从句,4.,同位语从句,(,能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词，如,news,idea,report,belief,fact,doubt,hope,information),名词性从句的种类1.主语从句,What,和,that,在名词性从句中的区别,What,在名词性从句中可充当主语，宾语和表语，相当于,the thing that,e.g.What the teacher said was very valuable.,That,在名词性从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，引导主语从句时常用,it,作形式主语；引导宾语从句时，常被省略。,e.g.That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.,What 和 that在名词性从句中的区别What在名词性从,只用,whether,不用,if,的场合,1.,引导主语从句且置于句首时,e.g.Whether he will go there or not is not clear.,2.,引导表语从句时,e.g.The problem is whether the TV play is worth watching.,3.,引导同位语从句时,e.g.The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.,4.,引导宾语从句，前置，同时又作介词的宾语从句时,e.g.We are interested in whether he will agree with us or not.,5.,作动词,discuss,的宾语时,e.g.Lets discuss whether Mary is fit for the position.,6.,其后接动词不定式时,e.g.Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.,只用whether不用if的场合1.引导主语从句且置于句首时,Doubt VS Sure,Doubt,用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用,whether,或,if,Doubt,用于否定句或疑问句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用,that,Sure,用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用,that,Sure,用于否定句或疑问句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用,whether,或,if,Doubt VS SureDoubt用于肯定句时，后面,That,在定语从句和同位语从句中的区别,That,作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可充当主语宾语和表语，作宾语时常可被省略,That,引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，不充当任何成分，一般不能省略也不能与,which,互换。,That 在定语从句和同位语从句中的区别That作为关系代词,动词的时态和语态,动词的时态和语态,常见的时态,一般现在时（要特别注意时刻表及客观事实）,一般过去时（要特别注意过去某一段时间经常或反复的动作）,一般将来时（要特别注意,be to,表示按计划或安排要做的事，,be about to,表示即将发生的动作）,现在进行时（要特别注意动词加,be,动词的情况，它有一种故意如此的意思，,e.g.You are stupid.(,你很糊涂）,You are being stupid.(,你在装糊涂）,有一些词不用于进行时态：,短暂动作类：,finish,marry,感官类：,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,seem,sound,感觉类：,hate,like,love,wish,存在类：,be,exist,remain,stay,占有从属类：,have,possess,own,belong,认知类：,understand,know,think,remember,现在完成时（对现在造成一定影响，要特别注意,for,since,引导的时间状语从句以及第几次做某事）,过去完成时（过去的过去）,常见的时态一般现在时（要特别注意时刻表及客观事实）,动词的语态,用主动表示被动的情况,1.,表示主语的某种特征的动词，如,read,write,wash,dry,sell,wear,e.g.The coat dries easily.,2.,表示开始，结束，运动变化的某些动词，如,start,drive,change,move,e.g.In England,cars drive on the left-hand side of the road.,3.,表示主语状态特征的连系动词，如,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,等,e.g.The desk feels smooth.,4.,用于,be+adj.+,不定式中,e.g.The chair is very comfortable to sit on.,5.Worth,及表示需要的,need,want,require,之后的动名词,e.g.His watch is out of order and needs repairing.,动词的语态用主动表示被动的情况,倒 装,倒 装,完全倒装,1.in,out,up,down,away,off,over,next,such,back,等副词置于句首，谓语动词是,come,go,rush,run,等不及物动词时,(,人称代词除外,),e.g.Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang.,2.there,here,now,then,引导的句子（若主语为人称代词则用陈述语句）,e.g.There goes the bell and class is over.,Here you are.,3.,表示地点的词置于句首时,e.g.On the ground lay a sick person.,4.,直接引语置于句首时,e.g.“Help”shout
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