初中宾语从句课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,宾语从句,We,know,him,We,know,he hates oranges.,主,s,主,s,谓,v,谓,v,宾,o,宾,o,当句子中的宾语是,由句子充当的,，这个句子就叫宾语从句,主,s,谓,v,宾,o,简单句,复合句,比较一下下面的两个句子？,句子结构：主句+引导词连词+宾语从句,宾语从句有三要素,引导词,语序,时态,一、宾语从句的引导词,宾语从句的种类有三种：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句,宾语从句的引导词的选择和从句的种类有关。,宾语从句的引导词有：,that,wetherif,特,殊疑问词,引导词,that,that,作引导词，它所引导的宾语从句是由陈述句转换过来的，表示陈述一件事。,that,在句中无意义，可不翻译。在口语或非正式文体中可省略。,1.He said,“life is better than before.,2.He says,“Tom is a good student.,He said,that,life was better than before.,He says,that,Tom is a good student.,注意,当,that,引导的从句主语为,that,时，引导词,that,不能省略,主句和从句之间有插入语时，引导词,that,不能省略,引导词,whether,、,if,whetherif,作引导词，它所引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句转换过来的，一般疑问句变成宾语从句之后，语序由倒装语序变成陈述语序，句末标点由主句决定。,whether,，,if,不能省略。,asked,“Do they often come here early?,2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?he asked.,She,asked,if/whether,they often came here early.,He,asked,if/whether,they would go to visit the Great Wall.,If,与,whether,的区别,I dont know _ he will come,or not.,I dont care,of,_ he is handsome.,He wondered _,to stay,here the next week.,_ he will come,is not decided.,与,or not,连用只能用,whether,介词后只能用,whether,与,to do,不定式连用只能用,whether,作主语只能用,whether,由连接代词,who,whom,whose,which,what,和连接副词,where,how,why,when,作引导词的宾语从句是特殊疑问句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份，不能省略。,e.g.,1)Do you know whose book it is?,谁的，作从句定语,2)Could you tell me why the train is late?,为什么，作从句的状语,3)He asked who could answer the question.,谁，作从句的主语,语序,宾语从句的语序用,陈述语序,：,主句,+,引导词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其他,1.陈述句根本不变,He said,“Lucy is younger than Tom.,He said(that)Lucy was younger than Tom.,He says(that)Tom is a good student.,He says,“Tom is a good student.,问句复原为陈述语序,be动词、情态动词及助动词(包have/has)放到从句主语之后;助动词do/does/did 应删去,谓语动词根据实际情况而变。,1.Who is Jim waiting for?,I know,2.Can Lily carry the basket?,I know,3.Where did Anna go yesterday?,I know,Jim is waiting for.,Lily can carry the basket,.,Anna went the day before,.,who,whether/if,where,宾语从句的时态,I,hear,(that),Jim,(be),a worker two years ago.,Jim,(be)an English teacher now.,Jim,(,cook)dinner tomorrow.,Jim,(,sing)a popular song now.,Jim,(,be)to the Great Wall twice.,Jim,(,play)basketball when his father came back.,Jim,(learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,was playing,had learned,当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。需要性原那么,1)He,will go,to Hong Kong.,2)He,is,sick.,3)He,is reading,a book.,4)He,has finished,his work.,1)He to Hong Kong,.,2)He sick.,3)He,a book.,4)He,He,said,would go,was,was reading,his work.,had finished,当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而到达主句和从句的相互一致。照应性原那么,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,could/would,是委婉语气，而不是过去式，,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意,1.Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?,2.Would you like to know when he will come back?,宾语从句与简单句的转换,当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是,hope,wish,decide,agree,choose,等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。,eg:I hope that I can receive your e-mail.,I hope,to receive your e-mail,当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式结构。,eg:She doesnt know what she should do next.,She doesnt know_.,what to do next,当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式结构。,eg:Will you please show me how I can work it out?,Will you please show me _.,how to work it out,否认前移,在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否认词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否认式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。,eg:I dont think he will come with you.,注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。,eg:I dont believe he has finished the work,_?,He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?,has he,didnt he,、人称的变化,口诀,说明,直接引语,间接引语,一,随,主,二随宾,第三,人称,不变,引号内的第一人,称变间引后与主,句主语的人称保,持一致,引号内的第二人,称变间引后与主,句宾语的人称保,持一致,引号内的第三人,称在变间引后人,称不变,She said,“I like,Tennis.,She said that she,liked tennis.,He said to Lily,“you must get,up early.,He told Lily that,she must get up,early.,She said to me,“They want to,help him.,She told me that,they wanted to,help him.,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,直接引语,间接引语,指示,代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next/following day,next month,the next/following month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,情态动词,can,may,must,could,might,had to,宾语从句三要素,引导词,that陈述句,ifwhether一般疑问句,特殊疑问词特殊疑问句),时态,主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态,主句为一般过去时,从句,一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理 自然现象,公式定理 名言警句,时态不变,